Journal of Ecology and Environment

The Ecological Society of Korea (한국생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Edge Preference of Forest-dwelling Birds in Temperate Deciduous Forests

온대 활엽수림에 서식하는 산림성 조류의 가장자리 선호도 분석

  • Published : 2006.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To understand the effect of forest fragmentation on forest-dwelling birds, it is more effective to analyze on the selected specialists than on the whole bird community. We investigated the edge preference of forest-dwelling birds to discriminate habitat specialist species in the interior and on the edge of temperate deciduous forests in central Korea. Point count and line transect census were conducted at Gwangneung forest from February to October. Our result shows that there was no consistent tendency in abundance of birds between in the interior and on the edge because of the different landscape characteristics and the high proportion of habitat generalists. Five habitat specialists in 73 bird species were identified by the differences in both population densities; three forest interior and two forest edge specialists. Asian Stubtail Warblers (Urosphena squameiceps), Pale Thrushes (Turdus pallidus) and Coal Tits (Parus ater) were included in the forest interior group, but Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) and Black-naped Orioles (Oriolus chinensis) were classified as the forest edge group. We suppose that a selective monitoring on patterns and changes in spatial use of these five habitat specialists is needed to estimate the effects of forest fragmentation in temperate deciduous forests. And, moreover, systematic monitoring methods for field survey should be established based on the point count method and line transect census to ensure the equality of data.

본 연구는 중부 온대활엽수림을 대표하는 광릉 숲을 대상으로 산림성 조류가 숲의 내부와 가장자리를 어떻게 이용하는지 분석하고, 숲의 단편화로 인한 영향을 파악할 수 있도록 가장 자리 선호도에 따라 서식지 특이종을 파악하기 위해 실시되었다. 그 결과 조류의 풍부도는 숲의 내부와 가장자리에서 일관성 있는 결과를 얻지 못하였으며, 이는 숲 내부와 가장자리를 모두 이용할 수 있는 일반종의 출현 여부에 의해 크게 좌우되었다. 따라서 산림의 단편화가 산림성 조류에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 전체 조류군집의 풍부도를 확인하는 것보다 특정 환경을 선호하는 서식지 특이종의 변화를 집중적으로 파악하는 것이 유리할 것으로 판단되었다. 선 조사법과 정점 조사법에 의해 얻어진 숲 내부와 가장자리의 서식밀도를 기준으로 서식지 특이종을 파악한 결과 숲새(U. squameiceps), 흰배 지빠귀(T. pallidus), 진박새(P. ater) 등 3 종이 숲 내부종으로 나타났으며 까치(P. pica), 꾀꼬리(O. chinensis)의 2 종은 숲 가장자리종으로 나타났다. 따라서 광릉 숲으로 대표되는 중부 온대활엽수림의 단편화에 의한 산림성 조류의 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 서식지 특이종으로 파악된 종을 대상으로 한 분포와 번식 등에 대한 모니터링이 필요하며, 특히 숲의 내부에 강한 선호도를 보이는 종에 대한 조사가 우선되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 국립수목원. 2004. 광릉 숲의 동물상과 산림동물 보존 - 연구자료 제3호. 국립수목원
  2. 이도원. 2001. 경관생태학. 서울대학교 출판부, 서울
  3. 임업연구원. 1996. 광릉시험림의 보전대책과 효율적인 관리방안 연구. 산림청
  4. 원병오. 1981. 한국동식물도감 제25권 동물편(조류생태). 문교부, 서울
  5. Askins RA, Lynch JF, Greenberg R. 1990. Population trends in grassland, shrubland, and forest birds in eastern North America. In: Current Ornithology Vol. 7 (Power DM, ed). Plenum Press, New York, pp 1-57
  6. Askins RA, Philbrick MJ, Sugeno DS. 1987. Relationship between the regional abundance of forest and the composition of forest bird communities. Biol Conserv 39: 129-152 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(87)90030-9
  7. Baker K. 1997. Warblers of Europe, Asia and North Africa. Christopher Helm, London
  8. Bibby CJ, Burgess ND, Hill DA. 1997. Bird Census Techniques. Academic Press, London
  9. Brazil MA. 1991. The birds of Japan. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington D.C
  10. Chen J, Franklin JF. 1990. Microclimatic pattern and basic biological responses at the clearcut edges of old-growth Douglas-fir stands. Northwest Environ J 6: 424-425
  11. Clair CC, Bélisle M, Desrochers A, Hannon S. 1998. Winter responses of forest birds to habitat corridors and gaps. Conservation Ecology 2: 13. (Available online at http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss2/ art13/) https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00068-020213
  12. Fahrig L. 1997. Relative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on population extinction. J Wildlife Manag 61: 603- 610 https://doi.org/10.2307/3802168
  13. Flaspohler DJ, Temple SA, Rosenfeld RN. 2001a. Species specific edge effects on nest success and breeding bird density in a forested landscape. Ecol Appl 11: 32-46 https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0032:SSEEON]2.0.CO;2
  14. Flaspohler DJ, Temple SA, Rosenfeld RN. 2001b. Effects of forest edges on ovenbird demography in a managed forest landscape. Conserv Biol 15: 173-183 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.99397.x
  15. Forman RTT. 1995. Land mosaics: the ecology of landscape and regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  16. Freemark KE, Collins B. 1992. Landscape ecology of birds breeding in temperate forest fragments. In: Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds (Hagan JM, Johnston DW, eds). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., pp 443-454
  17. Gates JE, Gysel LW. 1978. Avian nest dispersion and fledging success in field–forest ecotones. Ecology 59: 871-883 https://doi.org/10.2307/1938540
  18. Gunn JS, Desrochers A, Villard M, Bourque J, Ibarzabal J. 2000. Playbacks of mobbing calls of black-capped chickadees as a method to estimate reproductive activity of forest birds. J Field Ornith 71: 472-483 https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-71.3.472
  19. Hutto RL, Pletschet SM, Hendricks P. 1986. A fixed-radius point count method for nonbreeding and breeding season use. Auk 103: 593-602
  20. Ims RA. 1995. Movement patterns related to spatial structures. In: Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes (Hansson L, Fahrig L, Merriam G, eds). Chapman and Hall, London, pp 85-109
  21. Jokimäki J, Suhonen J. 1993. Effects of urbanization on the breeding bird species richness in Finland: a biogeographical comparison Ornis Fennica 70: 71-77
  22. Kroodsma RL. 1984. Effect of edge on breeding forest bird species. Wilson Bulletin 96: 426-436
  23. Kurosawa R, Askins RA. 1999. Differences in bird communities on the forest edge and in the forest interior: are there forest-interior specialists in Japan? J Yamashina Inst Ornith 31: 63-79 https://doi.org/10.3312/jyio1952.31.63
  24. Lens L, Dhondt AA. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the timing of crested tit Parus cristatus natal dispersal. Ibis 136: 147-152 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01078.x
  25. Madge S, Burn H. 1994. Crows and Jays. Christopher Helm, London
  26. Matthysen E, Adreaensen F, Dhondt AA. 1995. Dispersal distances of nuthatches, Sitta europaea, in a highly fragmented forest habitat. Oikos 72: 375-381 https://doi.org/10.2307/3546123
  27. Matthysen E, Currie D. 1996. Habitat fragmentation reduces disperser success in juvenile nuthatches Sitta europaea: evidence from patterns of territory establishment. Ecography 19: 67-72 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1996.tb00156.x
  28. McGarigal K, McComb WC. 1995. Relationships between landscape structure and breeding birds in the Oregon coast range. Ecol Monographs 65: 235-260 https://doi.org/10.2307/2937059
  29. McIntyre NE. 1995. Effects of forest patch size on avian diversity. Landscape Ecology 10: 85-95 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00153826
  30. Murcia C. 1995. Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 10: 58-62 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88977-6
  31. Natuhara Y, Imai C. 1999. Prediction of species richness of breeding birds by landscape-level factors of urban woods in Osaka prefecture, Japan. Biodiv Conserv 8: 239-253 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008869410668
  32. Opdam P, Roppen R, Reijnen R, Schotman A. 1994. The landscape ecological approach in bird conservation: integrating the metapopulation concept into spatial planning. Ibis 137: S139-S146 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08434.x
  33. Park CR. Lee WS. 2000. Relationship between species composition and area in breeding birds of urban woods in Seoul, Korea. Landscape Urban Planning 51: 29-36 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00094-3
  34. Prater AJ. 1979. Trends in accuracy of counting birds. Bird study 26: 198-200
  35. Primack RB. 1998. Essentials of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts
  36. Robinson SK, Thompson FR, Donovan TM, Whitehead DR, Faabord J. 1995. Regional forest fragmentation and the nesting success of migratory birds. Science 267: 1987-1990 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5206.1987
  37. Robinson SK. 1988. Reappraisal of the costs and benefits of habitat heterogeneity for nongame wildlife. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 53: 145-155
  38. Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ, Margules CR. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conserv Biol 5: 18-31 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00384.x
  39. Tarvin KA, Garvin MC, Jawor JM, Dayer KA. 1998. A field evaluation of techniques used to estimate density of blue jays. J Field Ornith 69: 209-222
  40. Villard MA 1998. On forest-interior species, edge avoidance, area sensitivity and dogmas in avian conservation. Auk 115: 801-805 https://doi.org/10.2307/4089434
  41. Whitcomb RF, Robbins CS, Lynch JF, Whitcomb BL, Klimkiewicz MK, Bystrak D. 1981. Effect of forest fragmentation on avifauna of the eastern decidious forest. In: Forest island dynamics in man-dominated landscape (Burgess RL. Sharpe DM, eds). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 126-205
  42. Wiens JA, Stenseth NC, van Horne B, Ims RA. 1993. Ecological mechanisms and landscape ecology. Oikos 66: 369-380 https://doi.org/10.2307/3544931
  43. Wiens JA. 1994. Habitat fragmentation: island vs landscape perspectives on bird conservation. Ibis 137: S97-S104 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08464.x
  44. Wilcove DS, McLellan CH, Dobson AP. 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. In: Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity (Soule ME, ed). Sinauer, Massachusetts, pp 237-256

Cited by

  1. Forest Fragmentation and its impacts : A review vol.15, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2012.15.2.149
  2. Effects of habitat structure, human disturbance, and habitat connectivity on urban forest bird communities vol.18, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0433-5