• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.601-615
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare the community structure and biodiversity of arthropods between conventional and organic red pepper fields. A total of 36 species of 24 families belonging to 10 orders from collected 28,718 arthropods; 6,901 individuals from conventional field and 21,871 individuals from organic field. A number of species comprising arthropod community was same in both fields as 32 species. Species richness of Diptera was the highest in conventional field and that of Hymenoptera and Colembolla was the highest in organic field. Abundance of Frankliniella intonsa was the highest regardless of farming method. Helicoverpa assulta was dominant in conventional field, and Homidia mediaseta, Diptera sp. 4 and Pardosa astrigera were dominant in organic field. Diversity of community on the ground was higher in organic field and statistically different. Similarity of arthropod community showed difference with 34.07% on the ground and 26.95% in the plant above ground. In the ecologically functional guild: species richness of general, pest and parasitoid of natural enemy groups in the plant above ground were statistically different and pest and parasitoid groups were higher in organic field, abundance of predator group of natural enemy on the ground was 2 times higher in organic field and statistically different and diversity of general and parasitoid groups in the plant above ground were statistically different. In the relative occupancy rate, pest group was the highest in conventional field and decomposer group was the highest in organic field. The results of present study is considered to provide useful information of arthropod community for developing efficient insect pest management in organic farming.

• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.225
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

대만민국 건국이래 반만년만에 최초로 밥상용 수입쌀의 시중판매를 공식개시/"칼로스 쌀" 무릅꿇릴수 있다/우리의 산야초/인산이 작물에 왜 중요한가?/경북도지부 1/4분기 지회장단 정기회의 개최/미,친환경.유기농박람회 개최/식용유와 계란을 이용한 친환경농법으로 작물 병해충 방제 거뜬/건강상식의 편견에 고함/제2차 친환경농업 육성목표와 방향/"친환경 농산물 안심하고 드세요"/두가지 비료로 유기농작물의 고품질 다수확 생산을 체계적으로 보다 쉽게 하는 방법/친환경농업 생산~판매까지 책임 전남도 사업주체 책임운영모델 본격화/식물세균병 방제를 하려면/농업용수도 좋은 물을 사용해야 한다/미생물을 이용한 토양병해방제/냉해 방지는 이렇게/친환경농업기술 세미나 개최,농산물 안전성 확대 등 방안 마련/식물나라영농조합법인/삼정은 유기농인의 기본/해충의 습성을 이용한 퇴치/3월중 새식구 명단/광주.전남도지부 임원회의/유기 및 일반 농산물의 품질 비교에 관한 연구/관행 시설채소,농약 친환경의 7배 사용/월마트,유기농 시장 본격 진출/아이들 먹거리 우리가 책임진다/규소시비와 무제초

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2012

In the new changing scenario, the goal of agriculture is shifting from traditional to sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture. Therefore, in this experiment, we analyzed economic efficiency of two methods of rice cultivation i.e. new cultural method and conventional method, at farmers' fields. In the new cultural method, cost of materials and machines (rice-transplanting and sowing machine) was found 245% higher than the conventional method. Depreciation of cost and working hours were also higher in the new cultural method by 1.9 and 1.1 time, respectively. However, cost of seeds and seedbed soil were 44.0% and 49.2% lower and total material cost was 4.4% lower than the conventional method. In the new cultural method, overall working cost of nursery raising and transplanting per 10a was 229.8% higher than the conventional method. However, in spite of high input cost, yield of rice in new cultural method was higher by 6.7% than the conventional method. Our results showed that new cultural method was better than the conventional method except the input cost. If government provide 80% subsidy for machine cost then its input cost will be reduced by 45.4% than the conventional method.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.509-522
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• 2015

Organic ginseng farming has rapidly increased in response to consumer demand for a safe product which improves health. Differences in soil nutrient concentration and ginsenoside content between organic and conventional ginseng farming have, however, not yet been properly studied. Therefore the aim of the present study was to compare soil nutrient concentration and ginsenoside content between these two farming systems. $NO_3-N$, $P_2O_5$, and K were significantly different between organic and conventional ginseng farming. The total content of ginsenoside and individual ginsenoside components were higher in organically grown ginseng than in ginseng from conventional farming, although there is no significant difference. Particularly, protopanaxadiol saponins were higher than protopanaxatriol saponins in ginseng from organic farming compared to ginseng produced by conventional farming. $NO_3-N$ content in soils showed a negative correlation with the content of ginsenosides $Rb_2$ and Rd. In addition, $P_2O_5$ showed a negative correlation with ginsenosides $Rb_1$, Rc, and PD/PT ratio. Organic matter showed a positive crrelation with ginsenosides Re. To increase the ginsenoside content of ginseng, we recommend increasing organic matter and decreasing $NO_3-N$ and $P_2O_5$ contents in the soil.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 전 세계적으로 급속히 보급되고 있는 비담수재배를 기초로 하는 SRI(System of Rice Intensification) 벼 재배방법을 우리나라의 논 농업에 최초로 적용하여 관개기간동안 유출되는 오염부하량과 기존의 담수재배인 관행 시험포에서 유출되는 오염부하량을 산정하여 저감효과를 비교 평가하였다. 실험처리는 대조구인 담수재배(관행) 1처리(재식거리 $30{\times}15cm$)와 SRI 재배($30{\times}30cm$, $40{\times}40cm$, $50{\times}50cm$) 3처리로 2반복으로 하여 가로 5 m, 세로 15 m 크기의 논 시험포를 총 8개 조성하였다. 그리고 관개기간동안(2010년 5월부터 9월) 관개량, 강우량 그리고 강우 유출량 측정하고 수질시료를 채취하여 오염부하를 산정하였다. 관행재배의 시비와 제초 등의 포장관리는 표준재배법에 준하여 진행하였으며, SRI 재배의 경우 물관리를 제외하고 관행재배와 동일하게 영농관리를 수행하였다. 연구기간동안 총 63회의 강우가 발생하였으며, 이중 20 mm 이상의 강우는 17회로, 일 강우량은 20.5 mm에서 195 mm의 범위를 보였다. 강우 모니터링 결과, 20 mm 이상의 강우에서 유출이 발생하였다. SRI 시험포에서의 유출계수는 0.74~0.83 범위로 관행시험포의 유출계수인 0.83~0.92 범위보다 낮은 값을 보였으며, 시험포에 따라 차이는 있으나 5~13%의 유출수 저감효과를 나타내었다. SRI시험포의 SS, $COD_{Cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, BOD, TN, TP의 총 오염부하량은 각각 874 kg/ha, 199.5 kg/ha, 47 kg/ha, 13 kg/ha, 36.9 kg/ha, 2.92 kg/ha 로서 관행 시험포의 오염부하량에 비해 15.8~44.1 %의 오염물질 저감 효과를 보였다. 특히 SRI 벼재배기술 적용 시 SS 및 BOD와 같은 유기물의 오염부하량 저감효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

Energy efficiency and nutrient balance are good methods for environmental assessment of the environmentally-friendly agriculture. The objectives of this study were 1) to estimate the energy efficiency and nutrient balance of the organic rice farming, and 2) to suggest a solution to improvement the energy efficiency and nutrient balance. The set of estimation was performed at the organic rice farming area (8.9 ha) in Wanju-gun during the paddy cultivation period from 2006 to 2007. The organic farming complex consists of four weeding methods using 1) duck, 2) apple snail, 3) duck and apple snail and 4) hands and machinery. Results from this estimation should that the organic rice farming area was less efficient than conventional rice farming. The efficiency of organic farming area in 2006 was higher than in 2007. For the calculation of the nutrient balance, the N, P and K contents of input materials (cattle manure, milk vetch, mixed oilcake, rice bran, rice straw and barley straw) and output (farm products) were analysed. Annual environmental loads of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ were estimated at 4.4 kg/10a, 13.8 kg/10a and 14.5 kg/10a, respectively. Cattle manure had the largest portion among the inputs items and nutrient concentration of cattle manure was high. Thus energy efficiency and nutrient balance depend on cattle manure input. Therefore it is necessary to control the manure input to improve the efficiency of organic rice farming.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.435-451
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• 2016

The objective of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of the chemical properties of the cultivation site soil and growth characteristics of organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng samples (4-, 5-, and 6-year-old) were collected from 52 fields at 14 locations throughout Korea. The samples were collected over three years from 2013 to 2015, with the collection period between October and November of each year. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, the amount of nutrients was increased to match that of the conventional cultivation system, which highlights the need for proper management in accordance with the standards for chemical properties of soil. Growth duration of organic ginseng was ${\geq}60days$ shorter than that of conventional ginseng and its average yield per 1ha was 60% than that of conventional ginseng. Root weight of organically cultivated ginseng was approximately 54% that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Rhizome diameter and body shape index of organically cultivated ginseng were lower than those of conventionally cultivated ginseng, indicating that organically cultivated ginseng was thinner and longer than conventionally cultivated ginseng. Root length was greater in 5-year-old conventionally cultivated ginseng with a low percentage of paddy-upland rotation fields. The number of rootlets was lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with a high percentage of direct seeding cultivation. Dry weight was distinctly lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with early defoliation than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Incidences of notched belly and root rot tended to be higher in conventional cultivation, with the incidence of notched belly being distinctly higher in 4- and 6-year-old roots and root rot being more prevalent in 5- and 6-year-old roots. Red discoloration and eelworm damage, which are highly affected by soil moisture, were most common in the organically cultivated 4-year-old roots. Organically cultivated ginseng showed early defoliation than conventionally cultivated ginseng, as a result, its yield and weight were low, while the incidence of physiological disorders was low. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, studies on cultivation technology that can overcome early defoliation, as well as soil moisture management that can minimize physiological disorders, are required.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2008

Soil nutrient status in an organic apple farm was evaluated in relation to a conventional farm to better understand the effects of organic farming system on soil fertility. Soil organic matter, total and mineral N, available P, exchangeable cations, and available micronutrients were monitored at depth of 5-20 cm from May to October in 2006. Average soil organic matter content was 63.3 and $31.0g\;kg^{-1}$ in organic and conventional farm, respectively. Total N content was 3.3 and $1.7g\;kg^{-1}$ in average for organic and conventional farm, respectively. Ammonium and nitrate N in organic farming were maintained at relatively stable levels, but in the conventional farm the levels were very high in early season due to the chemical fertilizer application. In the organic apple farm, available P content in May was lower than that found in the conventional farm, but during the growing season available P content was continuously increased and in August the content was more than $1000mg\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$. The organic farm maintained relatively greater exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg levels than the conventional farm. Available Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the conventional farm were relatively greater than those found in the organic farm. However, available Zn extracted in 0.1 M HCl was much greater in the organic farm. Nutrient levels above crop needs were observed in both conventional and organic apple farm suggesting a more appropriate management of soil nutrients in organic farming to secure its fundamental functions for the sustainable agriculture.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2017

Hot pepper growth in no-tillage cultivation on recycled ridge was increased by 22% compared with tillage cultivation. At 3 years after no-tillage cultivation, hot pepper growth was increased by 12% compared with tillage cultivation. Dry weight of unripe hot pepper at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation was 348.4 kg/10a increasing 16% compared with tillage cultivation while dry weight of unripe hot pepper was decreased at 3 years of no-tillage cultivation. Bacteria flora at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation was significantly increased compared with tillage cultivation. Bacteria flora was not significantly different at 3 years of no-tillage cultivation. Actinomyces flora at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation was significantly increased compared with tillage cultivation. Actinomyces flora was decreased at 3 years of no-tillage cultivation. Fungi flora at 2 and 3 years of no-tillage cultivation was increased by 1.3 and 1.7 times respectively, compared with tillage cultivation. Generation amount of carbon dioxide at no-tillage cultivation soil was remarkably decreased by 41% compared with tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule in early stage of hot pepper soil was 2 species and 6 individuals on Collembola and Acari at tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule in hot pepper soil was 5 species and 11 individuals including Chilopode at one year of no-tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule in hot pepper soil was 3 species and 5 individuals including Coleoptera and Chilopode at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule was 4 species and 40 individuals including Hypogastrurigae and 8 species and 97 individuals including Earwig (Labidura japornica) at 46 days after transplanting on tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule was 9~10 species and 101~107 individuals on no-tillage cultivation. Nature status for environmental change as index organism was 19 points and 33 points, at tillage and no-tillage cultivation, respectively. These results indicate that no-tillage agriculture of korean-style on recycled ridge plays a very important roles on pepper growth, biodiversity of animalcule, and greenhouse gases at plastic film greenhouse soil in no-tillage systems.

• KCID journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 1994

이 보고서는 개발도상국에서 매년 3-4$\%$씩 증가될 것으로 예측되는 물수요와 관개농업분야에서 제기된 환경보전적 수자원 개발에 관하여 세계 환경정상회담의 권고사항 및 토의내용을 뒷받침하는 것이다. 이 보고서는 또한 현재의 물관리분야의 관행적 관리형태와 실제 운영상황을 재점검하고, 주요 국제 상공분야에서 $\ulcorner$배운 교훈$\lrcorner$들을 주의깊게 관찰함으로서 많은 것을 얻을