• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.487-500
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• 1999

Observation is one of the important aspects in science and science education. However. observation has so many varieties that the purpose and the meaning of scientific observations used in science education are different in persons, contexts, and subjects. In this study, we tried to understand the natures of scientific observation and investigated students' observational activities using four observation tasks: candle, double pendulum, iron filings around bar magnet, two electric bulbs connected in series. We required the subjects to observe the given tasks and described what did they observe. Based on students' observational descriptions, students' observational activities could be classified in four categories: primitive, interpretive, operational, and interfered observation. Also, we could find that some of the descriptions were non-observational activities such as predicting and questioning and so on. Finally, implications for the teaching of observation in science education are suggested.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of multiple intelligences-specific observation strategy on observation skills, achievement and scientific attitude in elementary science class For this study, the observation learning for the multiple intelligences-specific observation strategy was applied to elementary science class. The results of this study were as follows: To examine this learning materials were applied to elementary science curriculum, and an experimental group and a control group were selected from 4th graders at elementary school J located in Incheon. The results of this study were as follows.: 1. this study was found statistically significant difference in the pupil's enhancement of the observation ability(p<.05). Specifically, analysis of elements of the observation abilities, it was effective to increase abilities of classification of statements, qualitative observation and quantitative observation. 2. science academic achievement of the group using this developed program was significantly higher compared with a control group. 3. there weren't differences between the comparison and experimental groups in term of the scientific attitude. But the experimental group showed greater increases in the openness, spontaneity and creativity that are the elements of scientific attitude. In conclusion, the Multiple Intelligences Observation Training was useful to develop the elementary school student's the observation ability, science academic achievement, scientific attitude(openness, spontaneity and creativity) and better be widely applied to science education.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.593-615
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the observation ability and scientific creativity of elementary students through observation learning of outdoor plants and to identify the factors that influence the two constructs. The study recruited 21 fifth-graders in Seoul. After evaluating observation ability and scientific creativity through observation tasks, qualitative data were obtained through interviews with students about their observation of the plants. Additionally, the study collected various materials, such as the observation records and worksheets of the students to verify the validity of research. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the students were first classified into four groups according to levels of observation ability and scientific creativity. The result demonstrated that the higher the level of observation ability, the higher the level of scientific creativity. Second, observation ability and scientific creativity pointed to a positive correlation. Furthermore, originality, which is one of the components of scientific creativity, indicated a weak positive correlation with observation ability. Third, the factors that influenced observation ability were frequency of plant observation and interest and cooperation in observation learning, and those of scientific creativity were observation ability and the level of plant-related knowledge. Lastly, the study discussed educational methods for improving observation ability and scientific creativity.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-245
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• 2019

Recently, the interest among Korean broadcasters in the 'observation entertainment' genre has intensified. This study aims to analyze the genre and storytelling of observation entertainment programming from a narratological perspective. The origin of the Korean observation entertainment program began with the 'reality-variety show'. There was a 'real-life' debate in these reality-variety shows, and as an alternative, the observation entertainment program appeared. Documentary filming, omnibus composition, and spatialization of 'everyday' life have led to the recognition of observation entertainment as a single genre. In particular, 'observers' have become a key factor in the observation entertainment program. The subject of the program is determined by who the observer is. The variability of the program format is the same. The observer looks at the observation target on behalf of the viewer. At the same time, he or she serves as a narrator of the program. The observer functions as the most influential factor in the storytelling of the observation entertainment program. In the observation entertainment program, 'observation' is only a form. It is the observer who creates a narrative within this same format to make the difference between each program. Also, voyeurism has been considered a problem in reality shows such as observation entertainment programs. However, the form communicated by observers is not a direct peek, so much of the problem of voyeurism is mitigated. Such observation entertainment programs analyzed through observers are meaningful in that they make people understand the cultural meaning of "reality" in TV and the storytelling of contemporary Korean TV entertainment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.998-1008
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop the criteria for measuring the observation abilities of elementary school students. Object, viewpoint and mental demand constitute the evaluation criteria of observation abilities. Object domain was classified into two- and three-dimensional figures, while viewpoint was classified into constancy and variety of views. Mental demand covered 2 through 5. The assesment tool based on the threedimensional criteria was developed for the lower, middle and upper grades of 166 elementary school students. Results from this study were as follows. These students' scores were significantly different in the classification by each dimension and distinguishable between the grades. They scored high on two-dimensional figures, constancy of view and lower mental demand, and the upper grade students' scores were higher than the lower ones in all dimensions. Therefore, the evaluation criteria developed in this study can be used effectively for measuring the observation abilities of elementary school students. Implication for this study was determined to be the development of a valid and reliable test for observation abilities of elementary school students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1097-1109
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the ERF components patterns of observers who have different cognitive styles using magneto-encephalography (MEG). The task was developed based on the CSA (Cognitive Style Analysis) program. Eight right-handed, healthy male college students participated in voluntarily. To investigate college students' ERF components during the task, an MEG system with block design was used to measure magnetic signals in their brains. For examining the observation characteristic by cognitive style, MEG ERF components were analyzed. As a result, four ERF components (M1, M2, M3, M4) were observed. Through the results of this study, the reason for different observation characteristics by cognitive styles was verified in the neurophysiological methods. This study will have implications to establish theories on scientific observation and cognitive styles.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.531-540
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning and process of scientific observation. Hence, this study reviewed and discussed meanings and process of scientific observation described in philosophy, the philosophy of science and science education. Major researches on scientific observation are focused on a characteristic and type of scientific observation behavior. These research can suggest what is the characteristic of observation facts generated by observer. But it cannot show what is the meaning and process of scientific observation, it should be provide to students. According to the result in this study, scientific observation is affected by observer's subjective factors, such as experience, background knowledge, interpretation(not inference) and observation skill. All factor are integrated as an intellectual framework, and it is able to be changed by the observed facts. On the other hand, inference is excluded on scientific observation, but it have constantly affect on intellectual framework through feedback. This study on scientific observation provides a scaffold in various activities of scientific observation to be provided to students.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.443-453
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• 2014

Observation is the base of creativity and inquiry. The purposes of this study were to analyze the characteristics of observation of middle school students, and to investigate their creativity by observation activities. The subjects of the study were 25 students for characteristics of observation and 144 students for both observation activity group and non-observation group, as a control, in a middle school. As a result, 25 students wrote 206 cases for the characteristics of observation. The cases were mostly classified in visual ways, such as color, figure, and movement. Students analyzed in primitive ways, observed in the given-limited situation, and confirmed with teachers or other students, The results of this study for creativity by observation activity were analyzed by ANCOVA and this study showed that observation activity was found to be effective in increasing students' creativity (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.343-345
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• 2004

최근 무선 기기 사용자가 급증하고 있다. 이에 따라 교통제어 시스템과 같은 모니터링 및 제어 응용이 무선 기기에서 활발히 사용될 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 응용 중 M/VC(Model/View Controller) 응용의 신속한 작성을 지원하는 모바일 M/VC 응용 프레임워크를 소개한다. 모바일 M/VC 응용 프레임워크는 무선 통신 환경에서 클라이언트와 서버 객체의 상호작용을 자동 처리하기 위해, Java의 관찰자/피관찰자(Observer/Observable)를 확장한 모바일 관찰자/피관찰자 패턴과 Multiplexer, Demultiplexer 클래스들을 지원한다. 개발자는 이 프레임워크를 이용하여 Observable과 MobileObserver 클래스들로부터 필요한 객체를 생성한 후, 이들을 Multiplexer와 Demultiplexer 클래스가 생성한 객체에 구성적으로 상호 연결하여 응용을 생성한다. 즉, 개발자는 무선 환경을 고려하지 않고 모바일 M/VC 응용 프레임워크가 제공하는 Multiplexer나 Demultiplexer 클래스의 객체에 무선 관찰자/피관찰자 객체들을 조립식으로 연결함으로써 피관찰자의 상태 변화가 관찰자에게 전달되고, 관찰자를 통한 사용자의 입력이 피관찰자에게 전달되어 반영되는 모바일 응용을 신속하게 생성할 수 있다. 따라서, 모바일 M/VC 응용 프레임워크는 무선 통신 환경하의 컴포넌트 재사용성을 개선하고, 모바일 M/VC 응용의 생산성을 향상시킨다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.608-610
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• 1998

분산 M/VC 응용 프로그램의 조립식 작성기, DOC(Distributed Object Composer)는 M/VC(Model/View.Controller) 모델 기반 실시간 클라이언트/서버 응용의 신속한 개발을 지원한다. 본 논문에서는 DOC를 이용한 분산 M/VC 응용 프로그램의 조립식 작성 과정과 함께 그 구현을 소개한다. DOC는 개방화 및 표준화를 주도하는 CORBA 미들웨어를 기반으로 하여, 이질적인 통신 환경에서 클라이언트와 서버 객체간의 네트워크 투과성을 제공하고, 분산된 객체들 간의 상호작용(interaction) 패턴을 추상화하여 조립식 분산 응용 프로그램의 작성을 가능하게 한다. 분산 객체들 간의 상호작용을 처리하기 위해 자바의 관찰자/피관찰자(Observer/Observable) 패턴을 분산 관찰자/피관찰자 패턴으로 확장하여, serverDOC와 clientDOC로 구성된 DOC의 구현에 사용한다. 분산 피관찰자는 M/VC의 모델에 해당하고, 분산 관찰자는 뷰.콘트롤러에 해당한다. 개발자는 분산 환경을 고려하지 않고 필요한 관찰자/피관찰자 객체들을 생성하여 로컬상의 DOC에 조립식으로 연결하기만 하면 피관찰자의 상태 변화는 곧 관찰자에게 전달되고, 관찰자를 통한 사용자의 입력은 피관찰자에게 전달되어 반영된다. DOC를 이용한 응용 프로그램의 작성은 구성 객체들을 DOC에 plug-and-play 방식으로 조립하는 과정이다. 따라서 DOC는 분산 환경하의 컴포넌트 재사용성을 개선하고, 분산 응용의 생산성을 높인다.