• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develope a control system for a small X-ray tube generator and investigate control methods for the X-ray generator. The small X-ray tube was developed for electronic brachytherapy, and thus, the new control method should be investigated, if the small X-ray tube is used for the imaging system. The Axxent S700 X-ray tube and the XF060NZZ485 high voltage generator were used to compose a X-ray imaging system and control board was developed by using AT90CAN128 MCU. The two control methods were investigated after tube voltage was set to 50 kV, one was filament current control method and the other was beam current control method. The former was subdivided into two methods according to the filament heating time, the 5 and the 10 seconds respectively. In the filament current method, the beam current did not rise up to the desired value, if the filament current had not been maintained for at least 10 seconds. The onset filament currents to generate beam current were varied from 1,300 to 1,350 mA and over 5 seconds were needed in order to reach the desired tube current value after beam current was generated. However, in the tube current control method, the beam current reached to the desired value without any time delay with the filament current of 1,500 mA. In this study, we found that the beam current control method was appropriate for the use of small X-ray tube developed for brachytherapy in the X-ray imaging system.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2007

Z-axis automatic tube current modulation technique automatically adjusts tube current based on size of body region scanned. The purpose of the current study was to compare noise, and radiation dose of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) of lower extremity performed with Z-axis modulation technique of automatic tube current modulation with manual selection fixed tube current. Fifty consecutive underwent MDCT venography of lower extremity with use of a MDCT scanner fixed tube current and Z-axis automatic tube current modulation technique (10, 11 and 12 HU noise index, $70{\sim}450\;mA$). Scanning parameters included 120 kVp, 0.5 second gantry rotation time, 1.35:1 beam pitch, and 1 mm reconstructed section thickness. For each subject, images obtained with Z-axis modulation were compared with previous images obtained with fixed tube current (200, 250, 300 mA) and with other parameters identical. Images were compared for noise at five levels: iliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial, and peroneal vein of lower extremity. Tube current and gantry rotation time used for acquisitions at these levels were recorded. All CT examinations of study and control groups were diagnostically acceptable, though objective noise was significantly more with Z-axis automatic tube current modulation. Compared with fixed tube current, 2-axis modulation resulted in reduction of CTDIvol (range, $-6.5%{\sim}-35.6%$) and DLP (range, $-0.2%{\sim}-20.2%$). Compared with manually selected fixed tube current, 2-axis automatic tube current modulation resulted in reduced radiation dose at MDCT of lower extremity venography.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.430-434
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 관전류 직접제어 방식을 채택한 3.2kW(80kV,40mA)급 최소형, 최경량 Portable X-선 장치를 제안한다 본 장치는 X-선 발생을 위한 고전압 발생 단에 모노탱크 블록 사용하였고, 고주파 고전압용 인버터에는 스위칭 전력소자로서 Mini block type의 MOS-FET를 채용, 80kHz로 스위칭 함으로서 고전압 변압기를 비롯한 고전압 발생부의 크기와 무게를 최소화하였다. X-ray Power의 출력이 높아짐에 따라, X-ray tube의 필라멘트 인버터의 출력용량 또한 증가되었다. 본 논문에서는 설정 관전류에 대한 정밀한 제어를 위하여 2단계 모드로 필라멘트 예열을 행하여 관전류 응답특성을 개선하였으며 제안한 휴대용 X-선 발생장치의 부하변동에 따른 X-선 관전압과 관전류의 개선된 특징을 실험파형을 통하여 입증하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.750-754
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 X-선 관전류를 직접 검출하여 제어하는 2.4kW(80kv,30mA)급 최소형, 최경량 휴대용 X-선 발생 장치를 제안한다. 본 장치는 X-선발생을 위한 고전압 발생단에 모노탱크 블록 사용하였고, 고주파 고전압용 인버터에는 스위칭 전력소자로서 MOS-FET를 채용, 70kHz로 스위칭 함으로서 고전압 변압기를 비롯한 고전압 발생부의 크기와 무게를 최소화하였다. 또한, 설정 관전류에 대한 정밀한 제어를 위하여 2단계 모드로 필라멘트 예열을 행하여 관전류 응답특성을 개선하였으며 제안한 휴대용 X-선 발생장치의 부하변동에 따른 X-선 관전압과 관전류의 개선된 특징을 실험파형을 통하여 입증하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.185-187
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• 2007

기존 LCD 백라이트 인버터 시스템은 램프 관전류 제어를 위해 인버터 구동 펄스 폭의 크기를 변조하는 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) 방식이다. 이 경우 시비율의 폭을 가변함에 따라 효율 저감 및 회로 발열 등의 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 인버터를 고정 주파수 및 50% 고정 시비율로 구동하고 램프 관전류 제어를 위해 링크전압을 제어하는 새로운 방식을 제안한다. 이를 통해 효율 증대, EMI 성능의 향상 및 전체 시스템의 원가저감 효과를 획득 할 수 있다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2003

Recently, the Inverter type X-ray generator is rapidly replacing the conventional single-phase or three-phase X-ray generator, it has several merits of space-saving: high accuracy and reproducibility. This paper presents a 40kw(12kV, 80mA) high tension generator system for diagnosis X-ray. The control circuit and design consideration of the proposed high tension power supply are given. Issues in the design of high voltage isolating transformer are discussed. Experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the designed power supply for varying load conditions. 1'he proposed apparatus has several advantages, e. g., the fast rising time of tube voltage, accuracy and reduced component size etc.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2002

최근 수년동안 의료 X-선 장비의 고전압 발생용 전원장치는 고주파 인버터 형태로의 개발이 가속화되어 단시간 촬영의 고성능화와 장치의 소형화 그리고 고전압 리플의 저감에 따른 피폭량 감소가 실현되고 있다. 본 논문은 이에 따른 의료 진단용 X-선 발생 시스템에서 40kW(125kV, 800mA)급 고주파 전원 발생장치 개발에 관한 것으로 고주파 고전압 인버터, 고주파 고전압 변압기를 포함한 고전압 발생 회로, X-선 관전압, 관전류 제어부, 시스템 구동부의 설계 개발에 대하여 기술하였고, 전체 구성된 시스템의 실험 파형에 따른 동작 특성을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.86-89
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• 2015

Quantitative Evaluation of Image Quality using Automatic Exposure Control This it leads, the relationship of control and image between of photographing condition, DR proper use method proposing. Chest phantom acquires Chest PA images which it follows in conditional change, Image evaluation factor (SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), CNR (Contrast to Noise Ratio), PSNR (Peak Signal to Ratio), RMS (Root Mean Square)). It excepted RMS price, SNR, CNR, PSNR the case which uses AEC it came out being high The fact that the quality of image is better there was a case which does not use AEC. but Price it was slight. Image qualitative it was deficient in AEC use presence. Through this, the overall situation and most efficient use of radiation workers is better suited. But Passive AEC use would be appropriate for use rather than proactive AEC.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

Purpose Auto exposure control (AEC) in SPECT/CT automatically controls the exposure dose (mA) according to patient's shape and size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AEC in SPECT/CT on exposure dose reduction and image quality. Materials and Methods The model of SPECT/CT used in this study was Discovery 670 (GE, USA), Smart mA for AEC; and $^{99m}Tc$ as a radioisotope. To compare SPECT and CT images by CT exposure dose variation, we used a standard technique set at 80, 100, 120, 140 kVp, 10, 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mA, and AEC at 80, 100, 120, 140 kVp, 10-250 mA. To evaluate resolution and contrast of SPECT images, triple line phantom and flangeless Esser PET phantom were used. For CT images, noise and uniformity were checked by anthropomrphic chest phantom. For dose evaluation to find DLP value, anthropomorphic chest phantom was used and the CT protocol of torso was applied by standard technique (120 kVp, 100 mA) and AEC (120 kVp, 10-250 mA). Results When standard and AEC were applied, the resolutions at SPECT images with attenuation correction (AC) were the same as FWHM by center 3.65 mm, left 3.48 mm, right 3.61 mm. Contrasts of standard and AEC showed no significant difference: standard 53.5, 29.8, 22.5, 15.8, 6.0, AEC 53.5, 29.6, 22.4, 15.7, 6.1 In CT images, noise values at standard and AEC were 15.4 and 18.5 respectively. The application of AEC increases noise but the value of coefficient variation were 33.8, 24.9 respectively, obtaining uniform noise image. The values of DLP at standard and AEC were 426.78 and 352.09 each, which shows that the application of AEC decreases exposure dose more than standard by approximately 18%. Conclusion The results of our study show that there was no difference of AC in SPECT images based on the CT exposure dose variation at SPECT/CT images. It was found that the increased CT exposure dose leads to the improvement of CT image quality but also increases the exposure dose. Thus, the use of AEC in SPECT/CT contributes to obtaining equal AC SPECT images, and uniform noise in CT images while reducing exposure dose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2011

The purposed of this study were measured the radiation exposure of patients and workers by generators, and the protection state for radiation facilities. The subject of the study by X-ray generators in university hospitals of capital area, we measured the maximum irradiation condition of 80 kVp, 200 mA, 0.1 second in the control entrance, control room window, entrance of radiography, adjacent site. The leakage dose per week was which the control entrance was 0.11 mR/week, control room window was 0.15 mR/week, entrance of radiography was 0.12 mR/week and adjacent site was 0.06 mR/week with X-ray unit the mean And the leakage mean dose was 0.11 mR/week. Diagnostic X-ray tubes must ensure that the leakage radiation in the maximum leakage dose in week emitted by the tube outside the useful beam does not exceed certain levels provided by standards.