• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.584-593
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• 2021

The sediment makes up the sea floor and plays an important role as a habitats for living things in the sea. However, pollution of coastal sediment due to internal and external factors such as inflow of contaminants from land and self-pollution becoming more serious, the needs for management of sediment that play an important role in ecology, is increasing. In particular, the review and evaluation of the effects of sediment in marine development projects including reclamation and dredging, have significance in terms of proactive protection and management of surrounding ecosystems. This study proposed the improvement measures for marine sediment management standards on the sea area utilization consultation for the development of public water. For the purpose, The evaluation and management standards of domestic and overseas marine sediments were reviewed and compared. The sediment environment guidelines under the Marine Environment Management Act of Korea were reviewed. Accordingly, the cases of Canada and NOAA, which have various evaluation standards consist of comprehensive factors, were analyzed. For analysis of operational cases, the port and fishing port development projects for the last five years (2016-2020) that are considered to have the greatest impact on sediments among the sea area use consultations were also reviewed. Finally, this study suggested that the assessment factors for ecological hazards and potential human risks should be considered in the sediment environmental standards in the sea area utilization consultation system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand educational changes and effects of cognitive behavioral art therapy using the smart device. The participant of the study was a 4th grade of male elementary school student who had aggressiveness and impulsiveness with emotional instability. The study was conducted one to two times a week for six months with a total of 30 educational sessions. Among 80 minutes per session, 60 minutes of art therapy and 20 minutes of cognitive behavioral therapy were applied, and during the sessions, cognitive action art therapy (drawing and shaping activities), cognitive restructuring, behavioral modification, systemic dullness, social skills training, empathy and landscaping training were applied. For the numeral assessment, Traffic Anxiety Inventory for Children (TAIC), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and emotional instability measures were used. Research showed that cognitive behavioral art therapy using smart devices had the effect of positive emotional change in children with emotional anxiety, and based on this, future development directions including systematic instructional design, scientific analysis and feedback technologies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.23-39
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• 2021

This study aims to explore research trends in Blockchain studies in South Korea using dynamic topic modeling and network analysis. To achieve this goal, we conducted the university & institute collaboration network analysis, the keyword co-occurrence network analysis, and times series topic analysis using dynamic topic modeling. Through the university & institute collaboration network analysis, we found major universities such as Soongsil University, Soonchunhyang University, Korea University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and major institutes such as Ministry of National Defense, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute that led collaborative research. Next, through the analysis of the keyword co-occurrence network, we found major research keywords including virtual assets (Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Virtual currency), blockchain technology (Distributed ledger, Distributed ledger technology), finance (Smart contract), and information security (Security, privacy, Personal information). Smart contracts showed the highest scores in all network centrality measures showing its importance in the field. Finally, through the time series topic analysis, we identified five major topics including blockchain technology, blockchain ecosystem, blockchain application 1 (trade, online voting, real estate), blockchain application 2 (food, tourism, distribution, media), and blockchain application 3 (economy, finance). Changes of topics were also investigated by exploring proportions of representative keywords for each topic. The study is the first of its kind to attempt to conduct university & institute collaboration networks analysis and dynamic topic modeling-based times series topic analysis for exploring research trends in Blockchain studies in South Korea. Our results can be used by government agencies, universities, and research institutes to develop effective strategies of promoting university & institutes collaboration and interdisciplinary research in the field.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2014

This study investigates the effect of organic certification of apples on consumer preference in China as a way to support the expanded export of Korean apples to China. A choice experiment was designed to analyze the apple consumption in China. A total of 298 Chinese consumers answered the survey, and multinomial logit models were used to analyze the results. Organic certification was identified as an important determinant of consumer preference for apples in China, affecting both the evaluation and choice of country of origin. The results also indicated that Korean organic certification significantly increased the probability of Chinese consumers choosing Korean apples. Thus, organic certification by the Korean government should be strengthened to promote apple exports to China, plus the results of this study may provide useful information to promote agricultural product exports and improve the organic certification system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.987-994
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• 2021

The Yellow sea, as described in article 123 of UNCLOS, is semi-enclosed sea surrounded by the Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of China and North Korea. In addition, the Yellow Sea is one of the 66 large marine ecosystems as it contains large amounts of marine resources. According to article 194 of UNCLOS, states should be aware of rights and duties with respect to the protection and preservation of the marine environment to be engaged with countries directly as regional entity or indirectly. Therefore, the legal blank is urgent in terms of trans-boundary environmental pollutant issues. The UNDP has conducted a project called Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (YSLME) which has reached the 2^nd phase. The project has some notable achievements, namely performing joint activities on analysis of diagnostic trans-boundary issues in collaboration with China and South Korea, developing a strategic action plan based on TDA, and establishing regional strategic action plan. However, on the other hand, the project could not reflect the full participation of North Korea as a state party. As a result, the project has a limitation on effective implementation of RSAP. Therefore, this study focuses on the suggestion of a legally-binding trilateral treaty as a blue print for the next, 3^rd phase of the project. By analyzing the best practice of the Wadden Sea Trilateral Treaty case, the study verifies the validity of legislative measures on establishing and managing a legally-binding trilateral YSLME Commission. By suggesting a three phase treaty, incorporating a joint declaration by establishing the commission, the signing of the treaty, and formulating an umbrella convention and implementation arrangement, the study expects to guarantee the consistency and sustainability of the trilateral treaty regardless of political issues pertaining to North Korea.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-77
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• 2023

As the amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act, which newly established the basis for the right to request transmission of personal information, was promulgated through the plenary session of the National Assembly, MyData, which was previously applied only to the financial sector, could spread to all fields. The right to request transmission of personal information is the right of the information subject to be guaranteed for the realization of MyData. However, since the right to request transmission of personal information stipulated in the Personal Information Protection Act is designed to be applied to all fields, not a special field such as the medical field, it has many shortcomings to act as a core basis for implementing MyData in Medicine. Based on this awareness of the problem, this paper compares and analyzes major legal trends related to the right to portability of personal health information at home and abroad, and examines the limitations of Korea's Personal Information Protection Act and Medical Act in realizing Medical MyData. Under the Personal Information Protection Act, the right to request transmission of personal information is insufficient to apply to the medical field, such as the scope of information to be transmitted, the transmission method, and the scope of the person obligated to perform the transmission, etc.. Regulations on the right to access medical information and transmission of medical records under the Medical Act also have limitations in implementing the full function of Medical My Data in that the target information and the leading institution are very limited. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper prepared a separate and independent special law to regulate matters related to the use and protection of personal health information as a measure to improve the legal system that can effectively guarantee the right to portability of personal health information, taking into account the specificity of the medical field. It was proposed to specifically regulate the contents of the movement and transmission system of personal health information.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.313-374
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• 2020

The idea of creating a new International Space Agency (ISA) is only my academic and practical opinion. It is necessary for us to establish ISA as an international organization for the efficient and rapid exploitation of natural resources in the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. The establishment of ISA as a new international regime is based on the Article 11, 5 and Article 18 of the 1979 Moon Agreement. In order to establish as a preliminary procedure, it needs to make a "Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of an International Space Agency" among the space-faring countries. In this paper, I was examined the domestic space legislation in the United States, Luxembourg, European Space Agency, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea as well as space exploration and planning of the moons, Mars, Asteroids, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Titan and Other Celestial Bodies. The creation of an ISA would lead to a strengthening of the cooperation needed essentially by the developed countries towards joint and cooperative undertakings in space and would act as a catalyst for the space exploration and exploitation of the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. It will be managed effectively and centrally the exploitation and exploitation of space the natural resources, technology, manpower and finances as an independent organization in order to get the benefit of the space developed countries by ISA. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish ISA in order to promote cooperation in space policy, law, science technology and industry among the space developed countries in the near future. The establishment of the ISA will be promoted the international cooperation among the space-faring countries in exploration and exploitations of the natural resources in the moon and other celestial bodies. I would propose the "Draft for the Convention for the Establishment of an International Space Agency." in refering the "Convention for the Establishment of a European Space Agency." This "Draft for the Convention Convention for the Establishment of an ISA" must pass the abovementioned "Draft for the Convention" by two-third majority of Diplomatic Conference in the UNCOPUOS. Finally, a very important point is need that a political drive at the highest level and a solemn statement by heads of state of the space devloped countries including the United Nations for the space exploitation of the medium and long term. It should be noted that this political drive will be necessary not only to set up the organization, but also during a subsequent period. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish the ISA in order to develop the space industry, to strengthen friendly relations and to promote research cooperation among the space-faring countries based on the new ideology and creative ideas. If the heads of the superpowers including the United Nations will be agreed to establish ISA at a summit conference, 1 am sure that it is possible to establish an ISA in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.427-468
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• 2015

To date, we have considered the theoretical views, the standpoint of states and the discourse within the international community such as the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space(COPUOS) regarding the Air/Outer Space Boundary Question which is one of the first issues of UN COPUOS established in line with marking the starting point of Outer Space Area. As above mentioned, discussions in the United Nations and among scholars of within each state regarding the delimitation issue often saw a division between those in favor of a functional approach (the functionalists) and those seeking the delineation of a boundary (the spatialists). The spatialists emphasize that the boundary between air and outer space should be delimited because the status of outer space is a type of public domain from which sovereign jurisdiction is excluded, as stated in Article 2 of Outer Space Treaty. On the contrary art. I of Chicago Convention is evidence of the acknowledgement of sovereignty over airspace existing as an international customary law, has the binding force of which exists independently of the Convention. The functionalists, backed initially by the major space powers, which viewed any boundary demarcation as possibly restricting their access to space, whether for peaceful or non-military purposes, considered it insufficient or inadequate to delimit a boundary of outer space without obvious scientific and technological evidences. Last more than 50 years there were large development in the exploration and use of outer space. But a large number states including those taking the view of a functionalist have taken on a negative attitude. As the element of location is a decisive factor for the choice of the legal regime to be applied, a purely functional approach to the regulation of activities in the space above the Earth does not offer a solution. It seems therefore to welcome the arrival of clear evidence of a growing recognition of and national practices concerning a spatial approach to the problem is gaining support both by a large number of States as well as by publicists. The search for a solution to the problem of demarcating the two different legal regimes governing the space above Earth has undoubtedly been facilitated and a number of countries including Russia have already advocated the acceptance of the lowest perigee boundary of outer space at a height of 100km. As a matter of fact the lowest perigee where space objects are still able to continue in their orbiting around the earth has already been imposed as a natural criterion for the delimitation of outer space. This delimitation of outer space has also been evidenced by the constant practice of a large number of States and their tacit consent to space activities accomplished so far at this distance and beyond it. Of course there are still numerous opposing views on the delineation of a outer space boundary by space powers like U.S.A., England, France and so on. Therefore, first of all to solve the legal issues faced by the international community in outer space activities like delimitation problem, there needs a positive and peaceful will of international cooperation. From this viewpoint, President John F. Kennedy once described the rationale behind the outer space activities in his famous "Moon speech" given at Rice University in 1962. He called upon Americans and all mankind to strive for peaceful cooperation and coexistence in our future outer space activities. And Kennedy explained, "There is no strife, ${\ldots}$ nor any international conflict in outer space as yet. But its hazards are hostile to us all: Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again." This speech seems to even present us in the contemporary era with ample suggestions for further peaceful cooperation in outer space activities including the delimitation of outer space.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.287-325
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• 2017

Considering the development of aerospace, military science and technology since the 20th century, the sky is very important for the nation's existence and prosperity. The proverb "Whosoever commands the space commands the world itself!" emphasizes the need for the command of the air. This essay is the first study on the status of airspace after reunification. First, the territorial airspace is over the territory and territorial sea, and its horizontal extent is determined by the territorial boundary lines. Acceptance of the present order is most reasonable, rather than attempting to reconfigure through historical truths about border issues, and it could be supported by neighboring countries in the reunification period. For peace in Northeast Asia, the reunified Korea needs to respect the existing border agreement between North Korea and China or Russia. However, the North Korean straight baselines established in the East Sea and the Yellow Sea should be discarded because they are not available under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is desirable for the reunified Korea to redefine the straight baselines that comply with international law and determine the territorial waters up to and including the 12-nautical mile outside it. Second, the Flight Information Region (hereinafter "FIR") is a region defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (hereinafter "ICAO") in order to provide information necessary for the safe and efficient flight of aircraft and the search and rescue of aircraft. At present, Korea is divided into Incheon FIR which is under the jurisdiction of South Korea and Pyongyang FIR which is under the jurisdiction of North Korea. If North Korea can not temporarily exercise control of Pyongyang FIR due to a sudden change of circumstances, it is desirable for South Korea to exercise control of Pyongyang FIR, and if it is unavoidable, ICAO should temporarily exercise it. In reunified Korea, it is desirable to abolish Pyongyang FIR and integrate it into Incheon FIR with the approval of ICAO, considering systematic management and control of FIR, establishment of route, and efficiency of management. Third, the Air Defense Identification Zone (hereinafter "ADIZ") is a zone that requires easy identification, positioning, and control of aircraft for national security purposes, and is set up unilaterally by the country concerned. The US unilaterally established the Korea Air Defense Identification Area (KADIZ) by the Declaration of Commitment on March 22, 1951. The Ministry of Defense proclaimed a new KADIZ which extended to the area including IEODO on December 13, 2013. At present, North Korea's military warning zone is set only at maritime boundaries such as the East Sea and the Yellow Sea. But in view of its lack of function as ADIZ in relations with China and Russia, the reunified Korea has no obligation to succeed it. Since the depth of the Korean peninsula is short, it is necessary to set ADIZ boundary on the outskirts of the territorial airspace to achieve the original purpose of ADIZ. Therefore, KADIZ of the reunified Korea should be newly established by the boundary line that coincides with the Incheon FIR of the reunified Korea. However, if there is no buffer zone overlapping with or adjacent to the ADIZs of neighboring countries, military tensions may rise. Therefore, through bilateral negotiations for peace in Northeast Asia, a buffer zone is established between adjacent ADIZs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2009

This study executed questionnaire 388 high school boy students in Jeolla-bukdo Namwon from June 9, 2008 to 20th prepares basic data about boy student's oral health behavior, and examines closely the connection factor and plans oral health promotion. Questionnaire distributed getting classroom teacher's cooperation and reclaimed through classroom teacher after make questionnaire by students. The collected data executed Chi-square test and descriptive statistics using SPSS program and the result is as following. 1. Response that responded that students of 61.1% are 2 times in toothbrushing number of times on 1 day, and appeared by thing which 69.1% does toothbrushing most much after way in the morning, and cleans up and down by toothbrushing method was the most by 36.6%. A student of only 8.5% was using auxiliary oral hygiene devices. 2. The oral medical examination and treatment engine use experience rate was 93.6%, and students of 82.9% do treatment as reason by last oral medical examination and treatment use purpose and did coming to help. The 1 year within use experience rate was 47.7%, and students of 77.1% were satisfied for medical examination and treatment. 3. Toothbrushing frequency of smoked students appeared low compared to students woo do not smoke, and students, who do drinking, was expose toothbrushing number by 3 limes compared to students who do not. 4. The activity limitation experience rate by oral disease was 16.0%, and the year absence experience rate was 5.2%, and the studies achievement hindrance experience rate appeared by 13. 1%. As a result, is considered to strengthen on-time oral medical examination and oral health education, and need prevention and policy of early treatment putting first.