• KLA journal
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.24-27
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• 2012

채 10년도 안되는 기간동안 학교도서관은 천국과 지옥을 오가고 있다. 2002년부터 교육인적자원부(현 교육과학기술부) 주도로 시작된 '학교도서관활성화사업'을 통해 낡은 학교도서관 시설은 현대식으로 바뀌었으며, 교원으로서 사서교사는 1998년부터 지속적으로 현장에 배치되었고, 2007년 "학교도서관진흥법"이 제정되면서 나름 학교도서관에 대한 구체적인 법적 관심을 받았다. 먼지 쌓이는 교실 한 칸도 되지 않던 창고같던 학교도서관은 늘어난 장서와 PC를 포함한 다양한 IT 기기, 편안하게 책을 읽을 수 있는 교구 등을 갖추면서 나름 도서관답게 바뀌기 시작했던 시기이다. 학교도서관 운영의 주체성과 자율성을 가질 수 있는, 많지는 않더라도 교사라는 지위로 사서교사가 전국의 초 중등학교에 지속적으로 배치되던 시기이기도 하다. 도서관 관련 법에서 늘 구석에 있던 학교도서관은 "학교도서관진흥법" 및 시행령이라는 단독법안으로 제정되어 법리 상 관심을 받던 시기였다. 여기에 더해 책 읽기에 대한 관심이 커지면서 학교도서관을 중심으로 다양한 책읽기 프로그램 등이 운영되고 나름 학교도서관이 활성화되는 것 같았다. 하지만 화려하게 바뀐 학교도서관은 자격이 있는 인적자원 배치와 지속적인 장서의 공급 등을 통해 유지되기보다는 운영시간 연장 등 시설 자체의 운영에 초점이 맞춰지는 시기로 바뀌었다. 98.6%에 이르는 학교도서관 설치 대비 46% 밖에 되지 않는 인적자원의 배치 현황, 그나마 학교도서관에 배치된 인적자원의 14.7%만이 정규직 사서교사, 사서(직원)이라는 현실은 안정적이고 지속적인 인적자원 배치에 대한 기대를 더 이상 할 수 없는 어려운 시기로 바뀌었음을 보여준다. 단독법안으로 학교도서관의 진흥과 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대했던 "학교도서관진흥법"은 학교도서관 관련 시설, 인적자원, 운영에 대한 분명하고 명확하지 않은 법조항 때문에 관점에 따라 다양한 해석을 할 수 있어 오히려 학교도서관의 발전을 저해한다는 일부의 비판도 받았다.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.483-492
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• 2011

'Learning with a robot' is now considered as one of the best candidates for STEAM education, which is recently growing its importance. Most of the 'learning with a robot' programs in elementary schools serve as afterschool classes. The students participating in the afterschool classes are mostly boys who are interested in science and robots. This paper mainly concerns that a robot can be helpful for improving students' interest in STEAM education. We divided the robot utilizable aspects into 5 areas with educational points of view; abstract concept understanding type, structure-oriented type, athletics-oriented type, intelligence-oriented type and value-orientated type. We extracted all robot utilizable subjects and units from elementary school curriculum, and developed lesson plans which can be applicable to regular classes. And we also verified them by applying into an elementary school for 5 months. As the result of the analysis, we can conclude that 'learning with a robot' can encourage students' interest in STEAM, and it is more effective for girls than boys. Finally, we discuss problems that teachers may face in using a robot for regular classes, and make suggestions about the use of a robot for STEAM education.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.372-387
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• 2012

This study aims to identify unique small group norms and their influence on the process of constructing a scientific model. We developed instructional materials for the construction of a model of blood flow in the heart and conducted research on eighth-grade students from one middle school. We randomly selected 10 small groups, and videotaped and recorded their dialogues and behaviors. The data was categorized according to the types of interaction and then analyzed to investigate the characteristics of group norms and models in one or two representative groups for each type. The results show that the types of interaction, the quality of the group models, and the group norms were different in each group. Even though one teacher guided students through the same task in the inquiry context, each group revealed different patterns of discourse and behavior, which were based on norms of cognitive responsibility, the need for justification, participation, and membership. With the exception of one group, there was little cognitive responsibility and justification for students' opinions. Ultimately, these norms influenced the model construction of small groups. A group that forms norms to encourage the active participation and justify members' opinions with cognitive responsibility was encouraged to do inferential thinking and construct a group model close to the target model. This study has instructional implications for the establishment of a classroom environment that facilitates learning through small group activities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.499-512
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• 2014

Architecture is usually seen as a product of art and technology. However, most historical buildings also exemplify various sophisticated principles of mathematics. Outstanding examples of architecture around the world such as Seokguram, Daewoongjun of Bulguksa, Muryangsujeon of Buseoksa, and the Parthenon provide students with a great opportunity to study their underlying mathematical properties and principles. The activity of identifying and investigating such mathematical principles in historical buildings enables students to realize that mathematics is a practical subject, and thus provides justification for the study and importance of mathematics. For the purpose of this study historical architecture was reviewed with this in mind in order to develop STEAM education materials focused on elementary school mathematics. The result of this study is as follows: first of all, appropriate examples of historical architecture were selected on the basis of the 2009 revised curriculum's content and teaching goals. These involved chapters on 'proportion', 'symmetry', 'movement of figures', 'building blocks', and 'triangles'. Secondly, a meta-analysis was performed on the historical buildings that clearly illustrate mathematical principles. Thirdly, STEAM education materials focused on elementary mathematics using architectural examples were developed which made actual application in classrooms possible. And lastly, surveys of professional groups were conducted to verify whether the produced materials were suitable teaching resources.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2017

The study in this paper considers how elementary school students' interest in mathematics and STEAM literacy could be promoted by conjoining the learning of mathematics with the learning of drone topics. Survey instrument was developed to measure student attitudes toward mathematics and science subjects and to evaluate student beliefs on learning mathematics embedded in science topics. Data were collected from elementary school students by administering pre- and post-tests: students were intervened with examples of math problems embedded in certain science contexts. The findings indicate that elementary school students' experience of solving mathematics problems embedded in science contexts positively affects the promotion of their attitudes toward, beliefs on science subjects and science and engineering career path selection. We hope that the mathematics program using the drone will be used in the classroom for STEAM.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2011

The effective teaching of Earth Science in the classroom should be augmented by field studies of rocks and minerals in a competently designed school rock garden(SRG). The displayed specimens must be correctly identified, labeled and esthetically evaluated. SRG is more than a general garden with just landscaping and it should provide students with freedom of conducting independent inquiries. The composition of the selected specimens should be representative of the bedrocks of region as well as of Korea in general. There are 130 schools in Jeonju-city and 35 (26.9%) have established rock gardens. There is a pressing demand for more gardens and number of display samples in school. The existing displays need improvement because some samples are not correctly identified and labeled. In addition, there is a duplication of rock types as well as lack of important rock types. The number and composition of the displayed rocks and minerals should be related to the school curriculum and reflect representative bedrocks of Jeonju-city and region.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 2019

The types of inquiry activities included in Life Science II textbooks under the 2015 revised science curriculum were extracted and compared with those of six major and five different publishing companies. The fact that the number of investigation discussions and presentations (IP) increased and the expressions (EX) were included in each unit was interpreted as sufficient to transform the classroom instruction in the 2015 revised science curriculum into student-centered activities. The type of inquiry activities in student-centered activities such as experiment observation, simulation activities, investigation discussions, and presentations accounted for about 41% more than the 27% of 2009 revised science curriculum. However, since data interpretation type is still the largest, it is necessary to reduce the types of data interpretation and to increase the number of types of simulation activities and expressions in order to expand students' creativity and thinking ability when textbook development is needed in the future. In addition to the development of biotechnology, teachers need to reconstruct diverse science materials for each textbook and then use them for students to induce balanced thinking, and try to expand expressive power, creativity, logic, and critical thinking skills.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-44
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• 2001

In the current classrooms a teacher has been merely able to inculcate the procedural knowledge of how-and-what. In doing so, however, we lose sight of the essence of "doing science."Though desire of the gifted children is qualitatively different from that of normal children, it is an undesirable reality that we have not developed sufficient researches and programs in conformity with the necessary desire and demand of the gifted children. Curriculum for gifted children in the domain of science necessitates markedly the specializations for the specific areas of the contents, the processes, and the products of studies. In an effort to provide the optimum learning experience for the gifted, this paper deals with the development of project-and-discovery-based science program, its method of application to the real field of education, and its effect, however limited and partial that effect may be. What this study has found are the following: on the one hand, the students acquired and developed the higher levels of thinking when they were under the influence of project-and-discovery-based science program that dealt with concrete real-world problems and issues; on the other, the students were capable of solving creatively the complex and real problems through small group activities. This study also suggests the possible implications of project-and-discovery-based science program: the students can not only learn the contents of study but also apply them creatively; the students can cultivate critical thinking skills that can be a fundamental base for a life-time leaner; the students can naturally acquire the abilities of communication and coordination. Project-and-discovery-based program is currently used in the various disciplines. However, the field of gifted education does not yet implement this type of program. So the overall contribution of this study is to show the successful implementation of project-and-discovery-based science program in developing optimal teaming experience for gifted children in the domain of science, since this type of study is most compatible with the characteristic of the gifted children. children.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.417-427
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• 2017

Media is the medium that impart information beyond time and space. They refer to characters or images that serve as means to convey information. From old media such as newspapers and television to new media such as the internet and smart phones, media has developed cumulatively with the development of technology. The goal of media education is to develop the understanding of the properties of media, the ability of critical interpretation of media and selective acceptance. Furthermore it is to cultivate the ability to express meaning creatively and communicate through media. I carried out 'the research of Korean classroom instruction models based on media' with Korean language and social studies education researchers from July 2016 to December 2016. This study is a fundamental study of the project. Based on 58 research papers published between 2006 and 2016, research trends and factors were extracted through literature studies related to media-based science learning. The Result has shown that the studies related to media-based science learning is on the rise, and more than half of all researchers studied about elementary school students. The studies were divided into research on students, research on teachers and pre-service teachers, research on smart devices or media contents, and research on the development of digital textbooks. Among the four variables, there were many researches related to students' cognitive and affective development, and the development and application of media contents.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-143
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• 2014

In this study, we analyzed a mathematical discussion in the Calculus II course of the Gifted Science Academy and individual interviews to determine the relationship between cognitive conflicts and commognitive conflicts. The mathematical discussion began with a question from a student who seemed to have a cognitive conflict about the osculating plane of a space curve. The results indicated that the commognitive conflicts were resolved by ritualizing and using the socially constructed knowledge, but cognitive conflicts were not resolved. Furthermore, we found that the cause of the cognitive conflict resulted from the student's imperfect analogical reasoning and the reflective discourse about it could be a learning opportunity for overcoming the conflict. These findings imply that cognitive conflicts can trigger the appearance of commognitive conflicts, but the elimination of commognitive conflicts does not imply that cognitive conflicts are resolved.