• Title/Summary/Keyword: 과초산

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Weathering of Prunus sargentii Specimens Modified with Acetic Anhydride and Formaldehyde Vapor (무수초산 및 포름알데하이드 기상처리 산벚나무의 야외폭로 및 촉진열화)

  • Kang, Ho-Yang;Kim, Su-Won;Park, Sang-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2003
  • Small cherry specimens modified with acetic anhydride and formaldehyde vapor phase were weathered by outdoor exposure and accelerated conditioning in a climate chamber. The effects of the chemical modification were evaluated by measuring their weight percentage gains (WPG), hygroscopicity and color differences before and after weathering. The average WPGs of the 72 hour acetylated and formaldehyde-treated specimens were 8.1 and 15.7%, respectively. After outdoor exposure for more than 2 months, the acetylated specimens lost weights by only 1.5%, but the formaldehyde-treated did much more than the formers. It was revealed that acetylation reduced the hygroscopicity and discoloration of wood while formaldehyde treatment didn't. Moreover the longer is the formaldehyde treatment time the more degraded after weathering. It was concluded that the vapor-phase acetylation could be applied for improving the dimensional stability of old wooden blocks.

Effect of Types of Egg Shell Calcium Salts and Egg Shell Membrane on Calcium Metabolism in Rats (난각 칼슘염의 종류와 난막의 존재유무가 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Noh, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Sang-Hyun;Ma, Jie;Zhou, Yusi;Kim, Jae-Cherl;Kim, Myo-Jeong;Song, Young-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.7
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    • pp.853-859
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of egg shell calcium salt types and egg shell membrane on calcium metabolism in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats, 4 weeks of age, were fed on free-calcium diets for 2 weeks after adjustment period. Rats weighing approximately $247{\pm}2.3g$ were divided into 6 groups and were fed on the experimental diets containing 0.2% calcium for 4 weeks. Experimental groups were as follows; {ES(M+)} (egg shell powder diet with egg shell membrane), {ES(M-)} (egg shell powder diet without egg shell membrane), {AC(M+)} (egg shell calcium acetate diet with egg shell membrance), {AC(M-)} (egg shell calcium acetate diet without eg shell membrane), {GC(M+)} (egg shell calcium glucuronate diet with egg shell membrane) and {GC(M-)} (egg shell calcium glucuronate diet without egg shell membrane). Bone length of femur was significantly different by the types (p<0.05) of egg shell calcium salts. Bone mineral density of femur showed the highest level in AC(M-) group. Calcium content of femur and calcium absorption rate were higher in egg shell calcium salt groups than in eg shell powder groups. Calcium absorption rate and retention were significantly different (p<0.05) among the types of eg shell calcium salts and were higher in the AC(M-) group than in the other groups. Alkaline phosphatase activity, parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin levels of serum showed no significant difference among the experimental groups. From the above results, it is concluded that bioavailability of calcium is higher in groups of egg shell calcium salts compared to those in egg shell powder, even though egg shell membrane has no effect on calcium metabolism. Thus, these findings suggest the possibility of using egg shell calcium salts as a functional food material related to calcium metabolism.

Studies on the Hydrolysis of Holocellulose with Trichoderma viride Cellulase - (I) Effect of the treated substrate - (Cellulase에 의(依)한 목재당화(木材糖化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - (I) 기질(基質) 처리(處理)의 효과(効果) -)

  • Cheong, Tae-Seong;Min, Du-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 1978
  • In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis of the holocellulose from Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. (8-14 yr's) was investigated using crude cellulase preparations of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374. And conducted on the optimum condition of the treated substrate for saccharification. A strain of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374 was found to be highly efficient for the cellulase productivity, especially in the submerged culture process. The culture medium used in this experiment was prepared from an extract of wheat bran consisting also of $KH_2PO_410$, $(NH_4)_2$ $SO_4$ 3, $NaNO_3$ 3, and $MgSO_4$ $7H_2O$ 0.5g/l. Cellulose powder (Toyo filter paper, 60 mesh) was found to be an importent factar for inducing the cellulase formation. And the cellulase produced in the culture fluid was salted out quantitatively by the use of ammonium sulfate (Fig. 1) Reducing sugar was determined by the Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, using reagents prepared according to the method of Sumner (1925). The results obtained were summerized as follows; 1. The method of delignification were treated by the Peracetic acid (PA) method, according to the method of Toyama (1970). The yield of holocellulose were decreased in accordance with increasing concentration of Peracetic acid solution; delignification of Alnus hirsuta Rupr. with 20% Peracetic acid was satisfied for 48 hours and 40%~60% peracetic acid was satisfied for 24 hrs: 2. The substrate (holocellulose) was changed easely into fine powder with enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase exhibits optimum activity on the reducing sugar formation from substrate at the range of 60-100 mesh. 3. The reducing sugar formation increased in accordance with increasing dry temperature on holocellulose substrate was found to be $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. 4. The optimal heat treated time of holocellulose substrate was found to be 45 min. for the reducing sugar formation showed the best products. The reducing sugar formation did not show statisticaly significent diflerences at 5% levels by heat treated time for 45 min. and 60 min.

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Development and Evaluation of a Web-based Support Program for the Maternal Role of Primiparas (초산모의 어머니 역할에 대한 웹기반 지지중재 프로그램 개발 및 평가)

  • Kim, Jeong-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.164-176
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and evaluate a Web-based program for the maternal role of primiparas who use the internet. Method: The study process was a systems requirements analysis, design and development of a program, program testing by experts, program implementation, and program evaluation by users. A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. The data was collected from October 5th, 2002 to February 24th, 2003. Result: 1. Based on inquiries into mothers' needs, a Web-based support program was developed. The program was then modified from feedback received from experts. 2. In a sub-scale analysis of mothers' perception of a baby, amenability and persistence was significantly higher in the intervention group. The differences in the mean score of maternal self-confidence and maternal satisfaction were significant. 3. Cyber counseling was done for a total of 73 cases and the most frequent problems for counseling were feeding and nutrition (28.8%), followed by baby care, and health problems. Conclusion: It was proven that a Web-based support program provided appropriate support to primiparas and was effective in promoting their maternal role. Therefore, this study suggests that a Web-based support program for primiparas can become a powerful nursing intervention on virtually all mother and infant health concerns.

A Study of Primiparous Womens Breastfeeding Experience (초산모의 모유수유 경험)

  • 김신정;양숙자
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.477-488
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to understand the subjective breastfeeding experience of primiparous women to identify how breastfeeding was started and to explore the process of breastfeeding. The Grounded theory methodology was used. Data was collected from 6 primiparous women who had breastfed their infants for at least over 8weeks, recently breastfeeding or having breatfed their infants within the last 6 months. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed in the framework of grounded theory method as mapped out by Strauss and Corbin(1990). 105 concepts and 21 subcategories were confirmed in the analysis. In the process of data analysis, "Identity as a mother" was found to be the core phenomenon. The 21 sub-categories were as follows : natural food, neighbour inducement, self purpose, good feeling, tenderness, breast pain, change of breast shape, physical discomfort, loss of physical energy, confirmation of maternal role, formation of affection feeling of adhesion, one body through coupling, tie, capacity, role performance, mental comfort, healthy mother, healthy infant, confidence of breast milk, feeling of satisfaction. The sub -categories were again grouped into 14 categories including infant nutritious food, formation of breastfeeding opportunity, feeling of satisfaction, injury of the breast, physical suffering, awareness of mothering, formation of maternal affection, connecting, coupling, acceptance, effort, emotional stability, mother and child health and feeling of achievement.hievement.

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Effects of a Newborn Care Education Program on Newborn Care Confidence and Behavioral Accuracy of Primiparas in a Postpartum Care Center (신생아 돌보기 교육프로그램이 산후조리원 이용 초산모의 양육자신감과 양육행위 정확도에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Hyun-Kyung;Jeong, Ihn-Sook
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The study aimed to identify the effects of a newborn care education program on newborn care confidence and behavioral accuracy of primiparas in a postpartum care center. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Subjects were 29 primiparas selected from a postpartum care center in D and P hospitals in Ulsan. The intervention was a newborn care education program which was composed of education with a booklet, demonstration, watching a video, and verbal encouragement. The outcome variables were newborn care confidence and behavioral accuracy. Data was collected from Feb. 1 to Mar 22 in 2005 with self-administered questionnaires and observation by researchers. Data was analyzed using the $X^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANCOVA. Result: The experimental group showed significantly higher score changes between the pre-test and post-test in confidence and behavioral accuracy than the control group. Conclusion: The newborn care education program showed positive effects on newborn care confidence and behavioral accuracy of primiparas in a postpartum care center. Therefore, we recommend that this program should be applied in postpartum care centers.

Effects of Sensory Stimulation Program Conducted by Primipara on the Physical Growth and Mother-Infant Feeding Interaction for Full Term Infant (초산모의 감각자극 프로그램이 영아의 성장 및 수유시 모아 상호작용에 미치는 효과)

  • 김미예;장군자;김선희
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.820-828
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of sensory stimulation program administered by primipara on the physical growth and mother-infant feeding interaction for the first 6 months of infancy. Method: Data were collected from December 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003. A total of 35 mothers and their infants were assigned to a control(n=17) and an experimental(n=18) group. Mothers in the experimental group received education related to sensory stimulation program and administered to their infants twice a day for 6 months. Both groups were measured the weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of infants at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks and the mother-infant feeding interaction at 6 weeks, 10 weeks through the home visiting. Result: Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly larger increases in head circumference for intervention period. In addition to, the experimental group showed significantly higher score in mother-infant interaction than control group. Conclusion: These data suggested that sensory stimulation program administered by primipara may improve the physical growth of full term infant and mother-infant feeding interaction.

Studies on Production of L-Glutamic Acid from Acetate by Microorganisms -part 1. Isolation and Identification of powerful Glutamic Acid producing Bacteria- (빙초산을 탄소원으로한 글루탐산 생성에 관한 연구 -제1보 고축적능균의 분리와 동정-)

  • Yoo, Young-Jin;Kim, Taik-Young;Park, Ke-In;Kim, Ki-Joo;Han, Deok-Bong;Song, Seok-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.197-200
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    • 1973
  • A bacterium strain, K-73-3, which was isolated from waste soil Korea brewing factory, could grow on acetate as the sole carbone source and accumulated a considerable amount of L-glutamic acid in the liquid culture medium (20 g/l). This strain was named Corynebacterium sp. by the standard method of taxonomy procedures given in the Manual Microbiological Methods.

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Optimization of the Acetic Acid Fermentation Condition for Preparation of Strawberry Vinegar (딸기식초 제조를 위한 초산발효 조건 최적화)

  • 이기동;김숙경;이진만
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.812-817
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    • 2003
  • In the first stage, strawberry wine was manufactured in 14$^{\circ}$Brix initial sugar content, for 50 hr at 28$^{\circ}C$ using Saccharomyces kluyeri DJ97. In the second stage, the acetic acid fermentation conditions for maximun acidity (4.60%) were 1.48% initial acidity and 195.76 rpm in agitation rate for 7.34 day. The fermentation conditions for maximun Hunter color a value were 1.78% initial acidity and 117.63 rpm in agitation rate for 7.35 day. Therefore, optimum acetic acid fermentation conditions were 1.5% initial acidity and 196 rpm in agitation rate for 176 hr using Acetobacter sp. PA97.

Effects of Nitrogen Sources on PRE-point and Free amino acids in Soybean Leaves different In Phosphorus Sensitivity (인산감수성(燐酸感受性)이 다른 대두엽(大豆葉)의 광합성(光合成) 호흡(呼吸) 평형(平衡)과 유리(遊離) 아미노산에 대(對)한 질소원(窒素源)의 영향(影響))

  • Stutte, Charls A.;Park, Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 1973
  • Effects of nitrogen sources on free amino acids, and on photosynthsis-respiration equilibrium point of various positional leaf in soybean were investigated in relation to phosphorus sensitivity. The content of free amino acids was highest in ammonium and lowest in urea treated leaves. Glycine, serine, alanine and especially histidine were high in the ammonium treated leaves. Aspartic acid was high in the nitrate treated leaves. Photosynthesis respiration equilibrium point was higher in the sensitive cultivars, and higher with ammonium than with nitrate. The excess ammonium in plant appears to draw out an intermediate metabolite from carbon fixation pathway resulting in photosynthetic inhibition and activate pentoses phosphate pathway and photorespiration. Such phenomena were likely accentuated in phosphorus sensitive variety.

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