• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2023

There are differing opinions among scholars as to whether "chuseo" (ugly writing) should be considered as one of the schools in modern calligraphy. Those who do not recognize "chuseo" argue that it lacks traditional rules for stroke formation and therefore loses its distinctiveness. However, the existence and development of "chuseo" are closely related to the constant exploration and reform of modern calligraphy, as well as the increasing aesthetic awareness and changing aesthetic standards of calligraphers with changing times. As a result, there are now more people who recognize "chuseo" as a legitimate form of calligraphy. Calligraphers who lead the times learn and accumulate experiences by adhering to traditional calligraphic principles. However, there are calligraphers who discard the traditional Confucian concept of "chungyong" (中庸) and display "ugliness" in their works. Ok Heung-hwa and Jeung Sang are two such calligraphers who created their own style by incorporating ancient oracle bone inscriptions as their main focus and folk calligraphy as their bloodline. This paper aims to explore and study the definition and formation process of "chuseo" by analyzing the works of Ok Heung-hwa and Jeung Sang. At the same time, it aims to summarize the characteristics and aesthetic beauty of "chuseo".

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3B
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• pp.285-293
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• 2010

Soil moisture is a key factor to control the exchange of water and energy between the surface and the atmosphere. In recent, many researches for spatial and temporal variability analyses of soil moisture have been conducted. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture in Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, U.S. during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The spatio-temporal variability analyses were performed to understand sensitivity of five observation sites with precipitation and relationship between mean soil moisture, and its standard deviation and coefficient of variation at the sites, respectively. It was identified that log-normal distribution was superior to replicate soil moisture spatial patterns. In addition, precipitation was identified as a key physical factor to understand spatio-temporal variability of soil moisure based on the temporal stability analysis. Based on current results, higher spatial variability was also observed which was agreed with the results of previous studies. The results from this study should be essential for improvement of the remotely sensed soil moisture retrieval algorithm.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3D
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• pp.381-389
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• 2009

Korean government is investing 1.8 billion won on infrastructure and investment on PPP projects constitutes 16.3%. This phenomenon is to promote private investment as well as lessening government burdens of public budgeting. However, the only criterion to be considered is government financial status in selecting public or private highway investment projects. So systematic decision support model is required in choosing public or private highway investment projects. So, this paper suggests a systematic decision support model for deciding public or private highway investment at the early stage of project planning. Furthermore, this paper identifies key decision variables with respect to economic, politic, project management criterions based on the related literatures and feedbacks from experts. This paper analyzed 30 cases of government investment and PPP projects and got the survey result from highway specialists. As a result, this paper presents an interval with respect to economic criteria using mean and standard deviation and a logistic regression equation which can predict the possibility of PPP project. Through this study, decision maker of central or local government can decide public or PPP highway project more systematically and reasonably.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.117-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was designed to develop an questionnaire for healthy aging. The subjects of this study were total 335 people who participated in regular exercise and went to welfare centers in Seoul. The validity and reliability were tested for verifying the developed questionnaire for healthy aging. The data were collected between June 12, 2006 and October 27, 2006. The mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, reliability, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor were analyzed for statistical purpose using by SPSS-Win 12.0 program. The results were as follows; First, to obtain content validity, the results of previous research and the value system responses were submitted to a judgement group. Second, the results of the factor analysis of the 20 items making up the questionnaire were classified into the following 3 factors; physiological health(6 items), cognitive-mental health(6 items), social-support health(8 items). Third, the reliability of the questionnaire for healthy aging was 0.891(Cronbach's alpha). In the factor analysis Cronbach's alpha correlations for the 4 factors ranged from 0.642 to 0.885. Fourth, the results of confirmatory factor analysis, all the index values(NFI, RFI, CFI, Delta 2 IFI) were close to 1. Thus, this questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity and therefore it was an appropriate measurement of healthy aging.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

A couple of previous studies have warned against the use of homogeneous choice models in assessing the effect of reference price since unaccounted for response heterogeneity may result in spurious reference price effects(Chang, Siddarth and Weinberg 1999; Bell and Lattin 2000). According to Meyer and Kahn(1991), not accounting for consideration set heterogeneity may also bias the effect parameters in the choice model. Therefore, failure to account for these two sources of bias, in fact, have cast doubt on the empirical support for reference price effects in general. In view of aforementioned potential sources of bias, the author investigates the robustness of loss aversion effect in the reference-dependent model after accounting for heterogeneity in response as well as consideration set. The proposed model defines individual household's consideration set based on the posterior distribution of preference obtained from the Empirical Bayes approach. In addition, the same posterior distribution is used to form household-specific reference prices. Response heterogeneity correction is carried out via the Latent Class approach. The proposed model outperforms the Reference-Dependent model that includes the reference price measure most often employed in the previous studies. This implies that as a way of simplifying decision task, consumers restrict their consideration set to a subset of available brands not only in making a brand choice but also in forming reference prices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the performance of a method for controlling the dose for optimal image acquisition while minimizing patient exposure by applying a small-sized Photomultiplier(SiPM) sensor inside a portable detector. Portable detectors have the advantage of being able to quickly access the patient's location for rapid diagnosis, but this mobility comes with the challenge of dose control. This paper presents a method to identify the dose that can have the DQE and optimal image quality of the detector through image evaluation based on IEC62220-1-1, an international standard for X-ray imaging devices, and to identify the optimal dose by matching the ADU of the image and the output of the SiPM Sensor. The Skull AP image was acquired by implementing the detector manufacturer's reference dose. The optimal dose was 342.8 µGy, and the optimal controlled dose was 148.3 µGy, which is 57 % of the manufacturer's reference dose. The Chest AP image was 81.9 µGy and the optimal controlled dose was 27.9 µGy, which is a high dose reduction effect of 66 %. In addition, the two images were analyzed by five radiologists and found to have no clinically significant difference in anatomical delineation.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2023

As a means of helping ships navigate safely, navigational aids in operation in the maritime envirionment require periodic management, and due to the nature of the environment, it is difficult to visually check the exact state. As a result, the smart navigation aid system, which improves route safety and operational efficiency, utillizes expertise including sensors, communications, and information technology, unlike general route markings. The communication environment of the smart navigation aid system, which aims to ensure the safety of the navigators operating the ship and the safety of the ship, uses a wireless communication network in accordance with the marine environment. The ship collects the information necessary for the maritime environment on the land and operates. In this process, there is a need to consider the wireless communication security guideline. Basically, based on IHO S-100 a standard for facilitating data exchange and SECOM, which provides an interface for safe communication. This paper research a security system for safe communication in a maritime environment. The security system for the basic interface based on the document was presented, and there were some vulnerabillties to data exchange due to the wireless communication characteristics of the maritime environment, and the user authetication part was added considering the vulnerability that unauthorized users can access the service.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.113-135
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• 2023

This study explores the transfer of defunct school records (by preservation period, type, and place of transfer) in South Korea since the Public Records Management Act was enacted in 1999 and suggests improvements. Metropolitan and provincial offices of education, totaling 17, were asked to disclose information about the status of defunct school records. Since 1999, 1,411 schools nationwide have closed permanently, predominantly elementary schools, followed by high then middle schools. By preservation period, there were more records in the 1 to 10-year category than in the 30-year to permanent category. By record type, most were electronic records, followed by paper records, archival objects, and audiovisual records. By place of transfer, most nonelectronic records were transferred to integrated schools, and most electronic records were transferred to the Records Management System. In-depth interviews with 10 record managers from local education offices found that the management of defunct school records varies widely by region and institution because of the lack of specified manuals. Participants also reported difficulties in transferring web-based records, archival objects, and audiovisual records, as well as insufficient archival space and computer systems. This study also provides suggestions to improve the management of defunct school records, such as establishing specified manuals, creating a dedicated government department for managing defunct school records, deploying workforces, and improving computer systems.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2024

Since the cement industry generates more than 60 % of CO₂ during the clinker production process, supplementary cementitious materials are used worldwide to reduce CO₂ efficiently. Mainly used supplementary cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag and fly ash, which are used in various industries including the cement industry, concrete admixtures, and ground solidification materials. However, since their availability is expected to decrease in the future according to the carbon neutrality strategy of each industry, new supplementary cementitious materials should be used to achieve the cement industry's goal for increasing the additive content of Portland cement. Limestone is a material that already has a large amount in the cement industry and has the advantage of high grinding efficiency, so overseas developed countries established Portland limestone cement standards and succeeded in commercialization. This study was an experimental study conducted to evaluate the possibility of utilizing domestic PLC, the effect of fineness and replacement ratio on the physical properties of cement was investigated, and the environmental impact of cement was evaluated by analyzing CO₂ emissions.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.533-564
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• 1998

In order to know the effect of proliferation and differentiation on edipocyte 3T3-L1 by prescriptions and herbs, Taeyangin(太陽人)'s Okapijangcheok-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Mihudeungsikjangtang Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) and Taeumin(太陰人)'s Taeumjowi-tang(太陰調胃湯) Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Cheongpaesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) Galkeunbupyong-tang(葛根浮萍湯) Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Mori Cortex(桑白皮) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Holotrichia Vermiculus Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根), were used and had some effects. 1. The proliferation effect of edipocyte 1) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs, Okapijangcheok-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Mihudeungsikjang-tang Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) have a control effect at the boiling water-extract and ethyl alcohol-extract. Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) have a control effect at the ethyl alcohol-extract. 2) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs, Taeumjowi-tang(太陰調胃湯) Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Cheongpaesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) Galkeunbupyong-tang(葛根浮萍湯) have a control effect at the boiling water-extract and ethyl alcohol-extract. Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Morl Cortex(桑白皮) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) · Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of the boiling water-extract, Holotrichia Vermiculus Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect on edipocytes. Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of high-density have a cyto-toxicity. 2. The differentiation effect of edipocyte 1) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs during the natural differentiation, Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) of the boiling water-extract, Okapijangchek-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) of the ethyl alcohol-extract have a cyto-toxicity on the first-differentiation. 2) At the Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs during the natural differentiation, Ulmi Cortex (楡根白皮) Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of the boiling water-extract have a cyto-toxicity on the first-differentiation. Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect on the redifferentiation. 3) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs on the first-differentiation during the induced differentiation, Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) of ethyl alcohol-extract has a control effect. Okapijangchek-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) of the boiling water-extract have a cyto-toxicity. 4) At the Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs on the first-differentiation during the induced differentiation, Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根) of the boiling water-extract and Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of the ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect. Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of the boiling water-extract and the ethyl alcohol-extract has a cyto-toxicity. Considering this result, the Taeyangin(太陽人) Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs have a control effect on edipocytes during the proliferation. Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根) have a control effect on edipocytes during the induced differentiation. In the future, for treating a obesity need a vivo assay and hope this study to help to know the mechanisms of obesity.