• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to detect early children with hyperactivity which is one of the symptoms of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study used two methods: K-CBCL and observation of children's behavior. K-CBCL was done online by parents at home. For observation of children's behavior, the school asked children to wear a 3-axis accelerometer on their wrists. The data from K-CBCL and 3-axis accelerometer were analyzed and clustered to separate hypersensitive children from ordinary children. This experiment confirmed that 3-axis accelerometer which is one of Ubiquitous techniques and the K-CBCL questionnaire were helpful for detection of hypersensitive children.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2003

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been known as psychiatric disorder in childhood associated with dopamine dysregulation. In present study, we investigated changes in dopamine transporter (DAT) density of the basal ganglias using I-123 N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl) -2-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane [I-123 IPT] SPECT in children with ADHD before and after methylphenidate treatment. Materials and Method: Nine drug-naive children with ADHD and seven normal children were included in the study. We peformed brain SPECT two hours after the intravenous administration of I-123 IPT and made both quantitative and qualitative analyses using the obtained SPECT data, which were reconstructed for the assessment of soecific/nonspecific DAT binding ratios in the basal ganglia. All children with ADHD reperformed [123I]IPT SPECT after treatment with methylphenidate(0.7mg/kg/d) during about 8 weeks. SPECT data reconstructed for the assessment of specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia were compared between before and after treatment methylphenidate. We investigated correlation between the change of ADHD symptom severity assessed with ADHD rating scale-IV and specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of basal ganglia. Results: Children with ADHD had a significantly greater specificinonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia comparing to normal children(Right : z = 2.057, p = 0.041 : Left : z : 2.096, p = 0.032). Under treatment with methylphenidate in all children with ADHD, specificinonspecific DAT binding ratio of both basal ganglia decreased significantly greater than before treatment with methylphenidate (Right : t = 3.239, p = 0.018 ; Left : t = 3.133, p = 0.020). However, no significant correlation between the change of ADHD symptom severity scores and specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia were found. Conclusions: These findings support the complex dysregulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in children with ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 1993

Objective ' The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral characteristics of children with allergic disease Method : In a population of 80 children who were registered at a pediatric allergic clinic in Kangnam St Mary's hospital, parents completed a standardized child behavior checklist (CBCL) to evaluate their children Clinical factors associated with allergy were examined in relation to the rated scores of CBCL Results : Allergic children were rated significantly more aggressive and delinquent, and less withdrawned on the CBCL rating when compared to the age- and sex-matched normal control children. Within the allergic population, children who had family history of allergic disease had higher scores of CBCL in hyperactivity and aggressive behavior than the children without family history. Conclusion : The results were discussed with the respect to familial traits of allergy and temperament as risk factors for the emergence of behavior problems in childhood allergy

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 1996

30 DSM-III or DSM-III-R tic patients were assessed by hospital records and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale to study the common characteristics, clinical course and longterm outcome of tic disorders after 3.1-18.1 years, 73.3% of the patients(treated or untreated) have recovered or partially improved. Identifical precipitating factors were found in 9 patients. Associated disorders were ADHD, sleep disorder, and so on. The outcome according to age of onset, duration of follow-up and diagnoses have no statistically significance. Increased age at follow up was influenced improvement of tic symptoms, though statistically not significant(p=0.327). These results suggest that the outcome of tic disorder is not ominous and they are relatively good social adjustment inspite of carrying the tic symptoms. But this study has some limitations such as retrospective study and sample size. Studies designed prospectively with large sample would be needed to generalize theses results.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2003

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder of childhood and among the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school-aged children. Children with ADHD experience significant functional problems, such as school difficulties, academic underachievement, troublesome interpersonal relationships with family members and peers, and low self-esteem. The most widely used pharmacological treatments for ADHD are psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine salts. These medications provide clinical efficacy by increasing the availability of catecholamines, primarily dopamine, in the frontal lobe of the brain. immediate-release(IR) formulations of sychostimulants were among the most effective psychotrophic medications in the psychopharmacological treatment. However, there are some limitations of IR formulations：the short half-life and duration of efficacy, which result in the need for multiple daily dosing and the poor compliance. These limitations have led to the development of once-daily, extended-release(ER) formulations of methylphenidate and amphetamine salts. However, these ER formulations may not be as immediately helpful to ADHD children due to delayed onset of action and the acute tolerance which is the failure to sustain the efficacy with the same concentration of drug as the initial stage of medication. OROS-methylphenidate(Concerta$^{\circledR}$) given once a day produces an ascending-pattern plasma drug level generated by the osmotically released, timed drug-delivery system. These new formulations of the psychostimulants have been shown to be a useful alternative to old stimulant medications through the evidence by the clinical trials.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to examine whether anxiety and depression of children and mothers were associated with the children's medically unexplained somatic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods : 83 clinic-referred boys with ADHD and 52 boys without ADHD were included in this study. The frequency of the medically unexplained somatic symptoms, such as general-ache, headache, nausea, eye problems, skin problems, abdominal pain, vomiting was evaluated using the somatic symptom domain of the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL). Children's anxiety and depression were evaluated using Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) for children. Maternal anxiety and depression were measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI). Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesis. Results : Score of maternal state anxiety affects the T score of the somatic symptom domain in CBCL significantly(adjusted $R^2$=0.057 ; p=0.026). Conclusion : The frequency of medically unexplained somatic symptom of children perceived by mothers was associated with the high level of maternal state anxiety in ADHD. Frequent maternal report of the children's somatic symptom may be a warrant for the evaluation and management of the maternal state anxiety in ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.925-927
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• 2012

On-site diagnosis applied to soil having a symptom of yellowing and whitening in cucumber leaf and stem. Soil pH determined 4.2 by methods of on-site analysis and 4.5 by soil test analysis. High aluminum in soil solution extracted with water saturation was detected. Leaf and stem tissue were abundant in Al content but not in Ca. Also, N content of leaf and stem was low compared to normal N ranges. This symptom of cucumber assumed to be from the Al and nitrous acid gas toxicity by low soil pH and Eh. Conclusionally, symptom in leaf and stem of cucumber was alleviated and cucumber normally recovered during cultivation period by applying calcium hydroxide solution to correct soil pH up to 6.5. These results showed that low soil pH resulted in aluminum toxicity and N deficiency to plant growth in on-site farming.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how the symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the stress and depressive symptoms in Korean soldiers. Methods : Data were collected on 131 subjects through self-report using the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (K-AADHDS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Korean Wender Utah Rating Scale (K-WURS), and the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI-K). Student t-tests, Pearson Correlation, Logistic regression, and Path analysis were performed. Results : The scores related to adult ADHD symptoms on the K-AADHDS and K-WURS were correlated with stress scores on the BEPSI-K (r=0.529, p<0.001 and r=0.484, p<0.001) and with depressive symptoms on the CES-D (r=0.686, p<0.001 and r=0.628, p<0.001). Scores related to adult ADHD on the K-AADHDS were the most significant risk factors for stress (O.R=1.198, 95% CI=1.104-1.299), and depressive symptoms (O.R=1.306, p95% CI=1.112-1.534). Path analysis on depressive symptoms showed that adult ADHD symptoms affected stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : The results suggest that it may be important to consider the evaluation and treatment of adult ADHD in soldiers. Prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects are warranted to further explore the relevance of the present results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3338-3348
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to access the dietary habits and weight control attitudes in college women, and to correlate them to the subjective fatigue symptoms. The research subjects are 508 women enrolled for studies in undergraduate school from freshmen to senior year in Daejeon city. The survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaire from Apr. 1st to May 1st to May 31st, 2012. In the questionnaire encompasses general characteristics, daily life style factors, dietary habits, attitude toward body type and weight control, and subjective fatigue symptoms. As a results, the affecting factors on the subjective fatigue symptoms were selected various factors such as frequency of the one food, frequency of dining out, having dinner, frequency of instant food intake, frequency of cereal, ice-cream intake, frequency of bean, soybean product intake, frequency of milk, milk product intake, consider excessive intake of sugar, consider excessive intake of salt, self-perception on body type and desire to control weight. Therefore, we can find out that their subjective fatigue symptoms are correlated to the factors in dietary habits, attitude toward body type and weight controls. It is concluded dietary habits and attitude toward body type and weight control themselves cause one's subjective fatigue symptoms, not because of each variables. So, it need efforts of having regular diets, making balanced body and controling body weights by objective ranges.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1998

Objective：Present study investigated the relationship between mothers' self-perception and perception of children's problems. Method：Subjects were 63 children, mothers, who visited child & adolescent psychiatric clinic. Their mothers completed Minnesota Mulpiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) & Korean Personality Inventory for Children(KPI-C). Correlation between validity scales of mothers' MMPI and validity scales of KPI-C was analysed, and then we divided subjects into two group(High & Low Group) according to the MMPI validity scales, and compared KPI-C's validity scales by student t-test. Result：There were significant positive correlation(r=.30) between K scale of MMPI and L scale of KPI-C, significant negative correlation(r=-.32) F scale of MMPI and L scale of KPI-C. The Means of T scores did show significant difference according to MMPI F, K scales in KPI-C L scale, to MMPI L scale in KPI-C F scale. Conclusion：These results indicated that defensive mothers tend to perceive her child's problems more defensively. However mothers who exaggerate their problem more severely, do not exaggerate their children's problem. Therefore, these result suggested that we should be careful not to underestimate children's problem whose mother elevated in K scale of MMPI.