• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 1999

Free radicals are thought to be the most important cause of the reperfusion injury subsequent to ischemia. The antioxidant status of the tissue affected by ischemia-reperfusion is of great importance for the primary endogenous defense against the free radical induced injury. Therefore, antioxidant therapy has been shown to be beneficial in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia. In this study, the protective effects of Chungpesagan-tang (CST) was investigated against ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity in SK-N-MC neuronal cells It was found out that low concentration of CST was highly effective in protecting neuronal cells against ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of CST on malondialdehyde formation during ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in SK-N-MC cells showed obvious dose-dependent responses. Also, CST showed relatively high inhibitory activity to xanthine oxidase induced by ischemia/reperfusion environment Therefore, it is thought that CST has both antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect and can be used for clinical applications for protection of neuronal cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.443-450
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• 2017

This study was done to investigate the protective effects of ethanol extract puerariae radix(Pr) on carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) intoxicated rats. Male sprague Dawley rats(200~210g)was used. experimental groups were divided into normal group, $CCl_4$-control group, and ethanol extract $CCl_4$-treated group. $CCl_4$-treated groups were injected with $CCl_4$ 0.6mg/kg.b.w(i.p). The activities of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Glutamyltranspeptidase(${gamma}$-GT), Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in extract pretrated group was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared to the $CCl_4$-control group. The contents of triglyceride, cholesterol and lipid peroxide were significantly decreased(p<0.05). whereas content of HDL-choresterol was significantly increased.(p<0.05). In addition, activities of hepatic catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the extract pretreated rats were significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared to the $CCl_4$-control group. but the content of glutathione(GSH) was significantly increased(p<0.05). These results suggest that extract of puerariae radix(Pr) has hepatoprotective effect in the $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2000

The effects of each component (water extracts, alcohol extracts, lipophillic extracts, total saponin, panaxadiol, panaxatriol) of red ginseng on the antioxidative enzyme activities were investigated in the liver in order to screen antioxidative components of red ginseng. 20∼25g ICR mouse which were pretreated with 50 mg/kg body weight of red ginseng component for 15 days. The ability of red ginseng component to protect against oxidative damage to the mouse liver was examined by determining the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA), hydroperoxide (H$_2$O$_2$) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase. The hepatic total-SOD activity was highest in lipophilic extracts group and panaxadiol group next (p<0.01). The content of hepatic hydroperoxide was lowest in the order of panaxatriol group and alcohol extracts group (p < 0.01). The hepatic catalase activity in the liver was highest in order of lipophillic extracts group (p <0.01) and total saponin group (p<0.05). Finally the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was lowest in lipophillic extracts group, alcohol extracts group and panaxadiol next (p <0.01). In conclusion, the order of effectiveness of antioxidants was to be lipophillic extracts>panaxadiol >total saponins.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.357-364
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• 2014

The quality improvement of the boiled-dried anchovy treated with acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) was investigated. The L value was higher in the anchovy treated with AEW than in the control. Moreover, its ${\Delta}E$ value was 5.08 higher than that of the control. The lipophilic browning degree was also higher than the hydrophilic degree. The degrees of calcium absorption of the control and anchovy treated with AEW were 10.77% and 12.61%, respectively. During their storage in the different conditions (five weeks in $20^{\circ}C$, ten weeks in $4^{\circ}C$, and five months in $-20^{\circ}C$), the lipophilic browning degree of the anchovy treated with AEW was significantly lower than that of the control at the $20^{\circ}C$ storage. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content gradually increased as the storage period increased. During the $20^{\circ}C$ storage, the content of the anchovy treated with AEW was lower than that of the control. The lipid peroxide contents increased with the storage periods, regardless of the temperature, but the content of the anchovy treated with AEW was lower than that of the control. These results indicate that AEW treatment can improve the color quality of boiled-dried anchovy and reduce its VBN and lipid peroxide contents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.577-583
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• 2006

The effect of the extract of Ulmus davidiana root on the activity of enzymes related to the removal of reactive oxygen species was investigated in the B6C3F1 mouse kidney. B6C3F1 mice were divided into five groups and fed for 20 weeks. Reduced xanthine of oxidase activity was observed in groups 4 (group fed with U. davidiana extract after N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment and 5 (group fed with U. davidiana extract from the beginning of DEN treatment) compared to group 2 (group treated with DEN). The level of Mn-superoxidase dismutase tended to increase in the groups after DEN treatment. In group 5, the catalase activity increased and the other groups exhibited an unchanged or slightly decreased level of enzyme. Similar effects were found far glutathione peroxidase. A lower degree of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) formation was estimated in groups 4 and 5, compared to that in DEN treated group 2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1763-1770
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• 2015

The effects of root of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TC), on the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in ICR mice were studied. LPS (10 mg/kg body weight) was injected into ICR mice in between two consecutive oral administrations. Hot water extract of fresh TC (HWETC) was administered to mice immediately before and 24 h after LPS injection. The animal groups used in this study were as follows: NOR group (PBS injection, DW administration), CON group (LPS injection, DW administration), and TC group (LPS injection, 1.4 g/kg bw of HWETC administration). Mice in the CON group lost weight due to inflammation induced by LPS, while the body weight of the TC group mice increased significantly, indicating that inflammation was inhibited by HWETC administration. Compare with the CON group, plasma and hepatic triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrite, and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations of the TC group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The protein expression of a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and its target enzyme, cyclooxygenase 2, increased in response to LPS injection, but was suppressed by HWETC administration (P<0.05). In conclusion, HWETC appears to ameliorate the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by LPS via inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant effect of 80% ethanol extracts from Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (A. acutiloba Kitagawa) in vitro. The extract was further fractionated subsequently by n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water. Antioxidative activities of different fractions were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical generation, Rancimat test, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, nitrite scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and peroxide value (POV) in linoleic acid in comparison with the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Antioxidant activities of n-hexane fraction of Angelico acutiloba Kitagawa ethanol extract were the highest among fractions and were a little less than that of BHT. Nitrite scavenging activity showed the most remarkable effect at pH 12. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of A. acutiloba Kitagawa can be used in natural antioxidant source.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.593-597
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• 2010

This study investigated the properties and antioxidative activities of phenolic acid concentrates of rice bran. Rice bran contains bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds, which can provide health benefits as natural antioxidants. This study examined how levels of phenolic acids can be obtained efficiently through various extraction methods. The extractions of defatted rice bran were followed by using ethylacetate (RBE-I), ethylacetate after alkaline hydrolysis (RBE-II), and 80% methanol (RBE-III). For all extracts, yields (%), total polyphenol contents (TPC), various phenolic acids and antioxidative activities were estimated. RBE-II had the highest total polyphenol contents (526.72 mg/100 g rice bran) and showed high antioxidative activity (74.7%). To concentrate the phenolic acids, RBE-II was passed through Sep-pak $C_{18}$ Vac cartridge and F1-RBE-II was collected by the elution of 50% methanol. The total phenolic content of F1-RBE-II (736.8 mg/100 g rice bran) was higher than that of RBE-II (367.1 mg/100 g rice bran), and the ratios of ferulic acid (73%) and sinapic acid (14%) increased. As RBE-II was analysed by HPLC, 6 different phenolic acids were found via chromatography, whereas F1-RBE-II showed 5 different peaks and the major phenolic acid was identified as ferulic acid. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of F1-RBE-II was the highest among the rice bran extracts. In a ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleic acid model system, linoleic acid oxidation was reduced by F1-RBE-II (73%) and RBE-II (35%).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the combined effects of gamma linolenic acid and isoflavone supplementation on menopausal symptoms and serum lipids in 73 postmenopausal women. A total subjects were randomly assigned to isoflavone (30 mg) + gamma-linolenic acid (110 mg) group or placebo group. We measured menopausal symptoms by modified Kupperman Index (KI) and oxidized LDL, lipid peroxides, blood components and anthropometric parameters before and after the 12 week intervention period. After the 12 weeks of supplementation, supplement group and placebo group showed a significant reduction of modified kupperman index (p < 0.001). Isoflavone (30 mg) + gamma-linolenic acid (110 mg) supplement group showed a significant reduction of oxidized LDL cholesterol concentration (p = 0.006) whereas placebo group did not show significant change. Isoflavone and gamma-linolenic acid consumption did not significantly affect plasma concentrations of total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, apo A1, B and blood components. The result of present study demonstrated the supplementation of 30 mg isoflavone and 110 mg gamma-linolenic acid per day for 12 weeks may protect LDL cholesterol from oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.760-765
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• 2011

We investigated the antioxidative effect of black garlic extract (BGE) on paraquat (PQ)- induced oxidative stress in mice. A DPPH radical scavenging activity assay showed that BGE had potent free radical scavenging activity, comparable to that exhibited by vitamin C. Mice were administered with either vitamin C or two levels of BGE by oral gavage for 10 days, with PQ being injected intraperitoneally on day five. It was found that BGE reduced the liver enzyme levels induced by PQ injection in mice. The concentrations of plasma and hepatic malonedialdehyde were both significantly reduced in the BGE groups compared with the levels in the PQ group, whereas the hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased in the BGE groups compared with the PQ group. These findings suggest that BGE has potent antioxidative activities in vivo and thus could prevent the oxidative stress induced by PQ injection in mice by two mechanisms: the induction of antixoxidative enzyme systems and direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species.