• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.819-825
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• 2005

The Antioxidative accvities of the cell free extracts containing high glutathione by Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 were tested in vitro experimental models : DPPH method for radical scavenging activity, ferric TBA method and ferric thiocyanate method using linoleic acid and tissue microsome for lipid peroxidation inhibitions. The concentration of intercellular glutathione by cultivating S. cerevisiae FF-8 in the YM optimal medium obtained $204\mug/ml$, which was increased by 2.76-fold from $74\mug/ml$ in the YM basal medium. A comparition between the YM basal medium and the YM optimal medium on antioxidative substance produced by S. cerevisiae FF-8 was investigated. In DPPH ($\alpha, \alpha-diphenyl-\beta-picrylhydrazyl$) method, the electron donating activity of the glutathione produced by S. cerevisiae FF-8 cultured in the YM optimal medium was as high as that of BHT ($ 0.05\%w/v $). The antioxidative a.tivity was measured by inhibition against lipid peroxidation of rat tissues' microsomes. The results of anti-oxidant activity of the cell free extracts by S. rerevisiae FF-8 cultured in the YM optimal medium was shown in the following order . $ liver 60.98\% > kidney 56.43\% > heart 52.91\% > brain 52.13\% > testis 45.57\% > spleen 42.95\% $. In antioxidative activities determined by ferric thiocyanate method and TBA methods against lipid peroxidation, the lipid peroxidation in the control mixture increased more rapidly than the typical peroxidation curve of linoleic acid from one day. The antioxidative activity of the cell free extracts by cultivating S. cerevisine FF-8 in the YM optimal medium were higher than that of the YM basal medium. These data indicate that the cell free extracts containing a high intercellular glutathione of S. cerevisiae FF-8 cultured in YM optimal medium showed strong antioxidative capacities by DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric thiocyanate and TBARS measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.969-975
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E on microsomal mixed function oxidase system of liver and lung in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 140 $\pm$ 10mg were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were divided into DM-0E(vitamin E free diet), DM-40E(40mg vitamin E kg/diet) and DM-400E(400mg vitamin E kg/diet) according to the level of vitamin E supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 55mg/kg b.w of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 week feeding of three experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic state. The contents of cytochrome P$_{450}$ in DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups of liver were increased by 162%, 150% and 56%, respectively, compared with that of control. Also the contents of cytochrome P$_{450}$ in lung were similar to liver. The activities of cytochrome bs in DM-0E and DM-40E groups of the liver were increased by 70% and 53%, respectively, compared with that of control, but not in DM-400E group. The activities of bs in DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups of lung were signficantly increased. Activity of cytochrome P$_{450}$ reductase in DM-0E, DM-40E of liver and lung were higher than that of control group, but the activity of DM-400E group was not different from that of control. The lipid peroxide values of DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups were 143%, 95% and 31% higher than those of control. It was concluded that dietary vitamin E had protective effects on lipid peroxidation accompanied with increased mixed function of oxidase activity in diabetic rats.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.774-782
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• 2006

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of an ethanol extract of lotus root (LRE) on alcohol-induced liver damage in rat. Sprague-Dawley rae weighing $100{\sim}150g$, were divided into 6 groups: basal diet group (BD), alcohol (35% 10 mL/kg/day) teated stoup (ET), LRE 200 mg/kg/day teated group (BD-LREL). LRE 400 mg/kg/day treated group (BD-LREH), LRE 200 mg/kg/day and alcohol treated group (ET-LREL), and LRE 400 3mg/kg/day and alcohol teated group (ET-LREH). After the administration, rats were sacrificed to get serum and liver to analyze antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione and lipid peroxide contents. The body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were decreased by alcohol administration, however, were gradually increased to a little lower level than the basal diet group by the combined administration of alcohol and LRE. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities that were elevated by alcohol were significantly decreased by LRE administration. It was also observed that thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver that were increased by alcohol, were markedly decreased in the combined alcohol and LRE administered groups as compared with the alcohol administrated group. These effect of LRE within the alcohol groups were in a dose-dependent manner. The glutathione (GSH) content in liver was decreased by alcohol administration, however, increased after administering LRE. Teken together, these result suggest that ethanol extract of lotus root may have a possible protective effect on liver function in hepatotoxicity-induced rat by alcohol administration.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2017

The object of this study was to measure the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of seed from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE). GJE seeds were performed the extraction of them by chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), 70% ethanol and n-butanol. Sequentially, total phenol content, nitrogen oxide scavenging activity, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of the extracts were investigated. Solvent extract bioactivity of increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/mL) were significantly increased (p<0.05). GJE seed extracts showed lower activity than positive control (ascorbic acid, BHA, trolox). The highest concentration of CM extracts was obtained in the same manner as the results of analysis of the total phenol contents of the GJE seed, and 70% ethanol extract showed the highest activity of reducing power. The water soluble carotenoids crocin and flavonoid were effective. As a result of this experiment. the seeds of GJE showed excellent antioxidant, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory properties.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

The water-soluble or ethanol-soluble materials extracted from fruit bodies and cultured products (mycelium and broth) of H. erinaceum were prepared, and their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity from Electrophorous electricus was investigated. Inhibition of 75-85% for AChE activity at concentration of 10 mg/ml was obtained and the mechanism was due to general non-competitive inhibition. Especially, the supernatant of culture broth by ethanol treatment, exhibited a strong inhibition activity of 94% at 10 mg/ml. The samples from fruit body, mycelium and broth (supernatant and precipitate by ethanol treatment) which were extracted from H. erinaceum, were very effective to inhibit the initial stage oxidation of a linoleic acid at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. The antioxidative activity of these samples were superior than rutin, vitamin C and tocopherol as antioxidative standards by FTC (ferric thiocyanate) method, and also showed the very strong antioxidative activity of 95% without significant difference of the samples by TBA-RS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1014-1020
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• 2015

This study suggests that fermented rice bran extract contains natural antioxidants. The contents of bioactive materials (e.g., polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids), antioxidative properties (DPPH (α,α'- diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, Fe reducing, Cu reducing power, peroxidation of linoleic acid and rat hepatocyte microsome) were tested by in vitro experimental models using fermented rice bran (FRB) extract. The concentrations of phenolic compound and flavonoid were 19.92 mg/g and 11.56 mg/g, respectively. In oxidation in vitro models using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, (free radical scavenging activity 69.8%) Fe reducing power and Cu reducing power (effect of dose-dependent manner), Fe²⁺/ascorbate induced linolenic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods (inhibition activity 81%), and autooxidation of rat hepatic microsomes membrane (lipid peroxidation inhibition activity 38%), antioxidative activities were stronger in FRB extract than FRS (Fermented Rice and Soybean, positive control) extract and, these effects were dose-dependent manner. From these results, FRB extract was shown to have the most potent antioxidative properties and contain the highest amounts of antioxidative compounds such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Overall, these results may provide the basic data to understand the antioxidative properties of fermented rice bran for development of functional foods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2001

Biochemical responses of rice to the flooding stress with different water turbidities and flooding time were evaluated. About 20% decrease of soluble protein was occurred with flooding stress. The decreasing rate was higher as flooding time and higher turbidity increased. Especially, dramatic decrease of soluble protein content was observed after 36 hrs of flooding. No protein subunit change was found before and after flooding. However, subunit product of 53 Kd increased from the beginning of flooding and subunit of 28 Kd was increased 48 hrs and 54 hrs after flooding. Lipid peroxidation increased about 150% by flooding. There was no significant difference in lipid peroxidation between clear and sub-muddy water, However, the lipid peroxidation was increased up to 180% at 60hrs of flooding. The malondialdehyde content (MDA) was higher in muddy water at the beginning of flooding and increased about 190-200% 36 hrs after flooding. Catalase activity increased with increasing turbidity and flooding time. Forty eight hours of flooding time provided a criteria for dramatic increase of catalase activity. In general, increase of saturated fatty acids and decrease of unsaturated fatty acids occurred with flooding treatment. Among unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated increased and polyunsaturated decreased. Double bond index(DBI) decreased as flooding time was extended and turbidity increased.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins isolated from Elsholtzia ciliata and the biological activities of them. Yields of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins were 0.34%, 11.33% and 15.24%, respectively. The major component was naginate ketone in essential oils, methyl linolenate in absolutes and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresins. Eseential oils and oleoresins showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidatve lipid peroxidation systems. $EC_{50}$ values in neutral red uptake assays 24 h of exposure times were $23.3\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $341.0\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $17.2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins, respectively, and essential oils and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Absolutes and oleoresins did not show antibiotic and mutagenic activities. On the contrary, essential oils with over $500\;{\mu}g/plate$ showed antibiotic and mutagenic activities in Ames test. Essential oils and oleoresins have a prolongating effect the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.365-369
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• 1995

The content ratios of gingerol in 4 fractions (hexane, ether, ethylacetate and hexane-ether (1:1, v/v) fraction) extracted from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content ratios of 6-gingerol in 4 fractions were hexane fraction; 49.5％, ether fraction; 20.74％, ethylacetate fraction; 21.43％ and hexane-ether (1 : 1, v/v) fraction; 93.70％. Antioxidant activities of soybean oil added 0.2％ of each ginger fraction and 0.02％ of BHT were determined by peroxide value during storage at 45$^{\circ}C$. And relative antioxidant effectiveness (RAE) was calculated as the ratio of the induction period of a given substrate oil to that of a control oil. RAE of each fraction was hexane fraction; 2.60, ether fraction; 2.33, ethylacetate fraction; 2.07 and hexane-ether (1 : 1, v/v) fraction; 2.75, BHT; 1.74. Inhibition effect of each fraction on the rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation showed hexane fraction; 93％, ether fraction; 92％, ethylacetate fraction; 86％ in 350 g/$m\ell$ and hexane-ether (1 : 1, v/v) fraction; 89％ in 20 g/$m\ell$.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 1991

Local extravasation during intravenous administration of adriamycin (doxorubicin HCl) can cause severe skin ulceration and necrosis. To investigate the mechanism of adriamycin-induced skin toxicity, effects of adriamycin on reactive oxygen radical metabolism using cultured skin cells of fetal rat. Adriamycin produced significant release of lactic dehydrogenase from cultured skin cell preparations dose- and time-dependently. The production of superoxide anion in sonicated suspensions of cultured skin cells was significantly increased by adriamycin under the presence of NADPH and NADH. The drug also stimulated malondialdehyde (MDA) production, an index of lipid peroxidation, in NADPH- and NADH-supported cell preparations. The increased production of MDA was significantly inhibited by oxygen radical scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, thiourea) and antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$). Treatment of cultured skin cells with 1, 3,-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, enhanced the lipid peroxidation induced by adriamycin. The present study suggests that lipid peroxidation which is resulted from the stimulated production of reactive oxygen radical causes cellular damage in adriamycin-treated skin cells of rat.