• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2012

The purpose of this study to measure the re-purchase intentions and country-of-origin effect in the Vietnam's image. This study was used to analysis the questionnaire date as SPSS ver. 12.0 statistical package. The major result of article can be summarized as follows. The factors of this study have been divided into 'political image', 'social image', 'cultural imge', 'economical image', and 'international image'. In the empirical result of the article, the country-of-origin effect for the Vietnam's country image would be shown in the results as the fellow. The first, 'cultural image', 'economical image', 'international image' are significantly positive country-of-origin effect. The second, 'political image', 'social image' are not as significantly positive statistically speaking. Also, country-of-origin effect show significantly positive re-purchase intention.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.255-275
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• 2017

In every country, land has always been considered a particularly important resource and property. For Vietnam, a populous country with a relatively narrow cultivated land, the land is even more valuable because property is scarce in the process of building and developing the nation. Therefore, land administration is highly valued by the Vietnamese government and is a big priority. The study of land law and land policy in Vietnam from 1945 to present is a comprehensive view of the changes in land administration policy in Vietnam in each historical period. The study also provides the experiences and lessons learned in the field of land law and land administration in a country that has risen from the ashes of war, has accomplished reunification and has transformed from a centrally-planned economy, a feature of the communist economy, to a socialist-oriented market economy.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.311-324
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• 2017

This study has the purpose of geopolitical analysis on the role, function and problem of (trans) frontier park in Southern Africa. Frontier parks in Southern Africa had been used as a buffer zone between colonial empires and British colonial administration during the colonial period and as an interdiction zone of communism and black liberation movement during the apartheid regime, the cold war and the civil war. The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa which is integrating the adjacent Frontier parks is utilized as a means of a conflict resolution and peace building after the end of cold war, civil war and apartheid regime, The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa is very highly regarded as an effective means for a conflict resolution and peace building. But it is also being criticized for a reproduction of South Africa's politico-economic domination and of a socio-spatial division between racial groups.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.197-217
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• 2001

The literary products of Authors Under the Service of the Army during the Korean War have been neglected on the whole because of the perception that they were little more than war propaganda. The majority of the works (poetry, serial novels, and short stories) Published by these authors in various Army publications such as Junsunmunhak (Literature of the War Front) and Comet, as well as in regular literary periodicals, supports this perception. Most of these works convey simplistic emotions and stereotypes that project untroubled patriotism and strongly antipathetic sentiments against to the Communist North. The appointed leader of this group, Dock-Kyun Choi regarded the pen as another form of weapon to be used against the Communists in the North, and did not shy away from describing in graphic details the atrocities committed by his enemies. But what truly deserves our attention is the fact that many of the same authors who wrote highly propagandistic works also wrote works that can only be described as antiwar. In these works are depicted as faithfully as possible the human sufferings of the war. These works resist and even question the very ideologies that have brought about the conflict, focusing instead on the dark side of the war -the horrifying deaths, the separation of families, and the displacement of people from their homes, How we are to interpret this ambivalence in many of these authors is a task that remains to be carried out. We must approach these works with more seriousness and begin by comparing them with similar products from authors under the service of the Navy and the Air Force during the Korean War.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2018

Achievement of sustainable agricultural development is one of the most important issues in many developing countries. In addition, basic inputs such as labor and capital, and social and environmental factors are important factors in agricultural production in developing countries. This study examines impact of governance conditions of Central Asian newly independent Post-Soviet Union countries on agricultural production and production efficiencies by using World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators. The studied countries had similar socio-economic conditions and environments before independence; however, those countries have different forms of development. Empirical results showed that governance improvement helped to increase agricultural production significantly. In addition, we found that each governance factor has different effects on agricultural production. The findings of this study would be a base for sustain agricultural production in developing countries, and stressed the necessity of improved governance conditions as well as input investments for achievement of agricultural development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

From the present perspective, North Korea overcame its crisis situation of the regime, the Arduous March. What was the driving force, enabling the regime to overcome the situation that could have been collapsed? This study intended to look into what strategy the North Korean government took to unite the social minds through its documentary films in the midst of the national crisis. The results of analysis are as follows. First, the documentary films emphasize that the people should become heroes in heroic fantasies. These films present the model cases, in which the people break through the hardships with their strong willpower, as an answer. Second, they mind the defeatism and encourage the triumphalism. They stress the importance of uniting collective minds as a breakthrough in overcoming the economic crisis. Third, they place an emphasis on creating the harmonized minds. They repeat the recovery of communistic morality, which has been emphasized up to date. Collective minds are eventually the outcome obtained from social experiences. North Korea stresses to convert the arduous march into the march to the paradise by the creation of collective minds through documentary films even in difficult realities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.97-111
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze commemoration characteristics of the United States of America, the Commonwealth, and Germany through representative 14 military cemeteries of World war II in Western Europe. Based on the commemoration characteristics such as spacial characteristic, commemorative elements, and graves and headstone, the commemoration culture among U.S., the Commonwealth. and Germany were studied comparatively. The results are as follows. First, taking geometrical form with mainly square type, rarely circle and spiral patterned, most cemeteries were structured spatial central axis with symmetry, those cemeteries were styled neoclassical, but some of the U.S. cemeteries were modernistic, connecting spaces organically with curved line layout. Second, chapel, the wall of missing, the wall of battle map, and sculpture in the U.S military cemeteries, and 'the cross of sacrifice' and 'the stone of remembrance' as classical monument in the Commonwealth war cemeteries were commonly applied standardized commemorative elements, but commemorative monuments in German military cemeteries were restricted except monumental cross. Third, the symbolic cross of christianism was used all cemeteries to console and cherish the soul of soldiers, specially the Latin crosses in the U.S military cemeteries delivered political message as the american martyr for Western Europe and also the power of the U.S., but the cross in German and the Commonwealth war cemeteries were basically cherish and comfort individual spirit. Fourth, showing the power of victory with national patriotism, the U.S. strongly represented christianism and liberal democracy against communism, the Commonwealth showed imperialistic style, and German military cemeteries were quietly appeared as traditional style forwarding reconciliation and peace. This study suggest the war cemeteries have national identity with typical form and symbolic aesthetics. Further study will be required to materialize sublime commemoration in national cemeteries and to form advanced commemorative culture in Korea.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-180
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• 2011

This paper aims at comparing the metanarrative and East Timor's local narrative in Indonesia during the Suharto's regime. Although these history writings have different political goals, the patterns of writings are ironically similar. Both of the history writings show strong nationalistic history writing patterns. Yet, in the writings, these histories place different interpretations on the historical events. In the metanarrative, local dynamics are seen through the diagrams of the nation and nationhood. This narrative finds the roots of the "ethnie" from some kingdoms in Java and Sumatra. These kingdoms, which throve based on the Hindu-Buddhist culture, achieved a territorial unity to a degree, covering some parts of Java and Sumatra. The glorious past disappeared with the advent of the colonial rule. The metanarrative then emphasizes the unity of the ethnic groups in the archipelago, which fiercely resisted against the colonial exploitation and oppression. By this, these ethnic groups were defined as "the masses," the collective identity, which had a same goal to achieve the national independence. In addition, some local histories, which took positive attitudes toward the European forces, were simply left out from the metanarrative. All the separatist movements taking place in the republic were also described as the anti-unifying forces. On the other hand, the goal of the history-writing in East Timor was to enhance the sense of nationalism and create the perception of the "East Timorese." The fundamental aim was the separation from Indonesia. In the narrative, the nationalist politicians overcame the problem of the non-existence of any memories of the glorious past with the awakening of the idea of "the imagined gloriousness of the past if there was no colonial rule." In addition, the narrative overemphasizes the memory of the colonial rule for 450 years under the Portuguese rule in order to stress the fact that it was the colony of Portugal, not of the Netherlands. Finally, the narrative shows how the East Timorese collectively fell to the status of slaves. By this, the political leaders of East Timor evoked the notion that it was recolonized by Indonesia, under which the East Timorese were demoted to the status of slaves. This notion of "slave-master" relationship then became the motives for the independence struggles in East Timor.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The earth science curriculum and textbooks of the secondary school in South Korea and North Korea were analysed comparatively with the modified TIMSS curriculum frameworks. In the secondary school of North Korea, earth science is not provided with separate subject, but partly taught in geography. Geography is taught by two hour per week in the first to fifth grade of secondary school. Especially the first and the fifth grade geography are deeply related to earth science. The major aim of earth science education in South Korea is to develop creative problem solver having with interest and curiosity in searching natural phenomena and with basic science concepts and inquiry process skills. But on the other hand the aim of geography education of North Korea is to cultivate communist revolutionists who are faithful to IL-Sung Kim and Jung-IL Kim. In both Koreas the category of 'earth feature' and 'earth process' are dealt a lot, but 'earth in the universe' is rarely taught in North Korea, which suggests that separate subject of astronomy is instructed in the North. Generally the scope and sequence of earth science of North Korea comes under those of middle school of South Korea. Especially discrepancy in level of meteorology and astronomy area between North and South Korea is great.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.17
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• pp.83-95
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• 2009

As an exploratory research on China's animation, this study aims to enhance an understanding of the trends and characteristics of China's animation through examining its history and to forecast its future development trajectory. From its founding to recent period, China tried to maintain Communist political system through imbuing national identity to its people through management and supervision of media products under direct government's leadership in combination with ideological education. Such policy was also implemented in animation, major audience of which is children. With regard to the introduction of the policy and its influence, five historical phases could be identified as follows. During the first phase, from the founding of the Republic until the Cultural Revolution, national culture was introduced to China's animation. The second phase, which corresponds with the Cultural Revolution period, marks the decline of national culture. National culture was reemphasized during the third phase that follows the Cultural Revolution, which led to the nomination of the 'China school,' followed by the fourth phase, during which China's animation suffered the second decline due to the spread of TVs and foreign animation imports. Reintroduction of national culture on China's animation in the context of rapid industrialization process before and after 2000 characterizes the recent phase. It can be expected that although there could be some change in methods and forms, China's animation, which introduced national culture from its inception and maintained remarkable resilience following the period of decline, will continuously stress the its own national cultural identity.