• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.258-265
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• 2023

After application of veterinary antibiotics, they may be partially metabolized before they are excreted by feces or urine either as unaltered form or as metabolites. Residual antibiotics enter the adjacent agricultural environments by spraying manure-based compost and liquid fertilizer on farmlands and lead to secondary pollution. The objective of this study was to compare the residual concentrations of 6 veterinary antibiotics by different production stages of liquid fertilizer from livestock manure recycling facilities. The relationship between concentration change of the residual antibiotics and the amount of liquid fertilizer component was also assessed. Pre-treatment showed the recovery of 63.4-106.7% at ppb level and the limit of quantification of 0.009-0.037 ㎍/L.As the result of analyzing the relationship between the residual concentrations of antibiotics and the amount of N component in liquid fertilizer by different production stages, the residual concentrations of antibiotics and N tended to decrease as the stabilization period elapsed during the liquid fertilization process. Average concentrations of sulfamethazine in raw materials, middle and final products of liquid fertilizer were 40.85, 26.17, 3.54 ㎍/L, respectively. Those of chlortetracycline decreased from 2.32 to 1.25 ㎍/L. The other 4 antibiotics also showed a decreasing trend by different production stages of liquid fertilizer. The amount of liquid fertilizer component N decreased from 0.21 to 0.096% by production stages of liquid fertilizer. It is considered that the correlation between residual antibiotic concentrations and N content can be applied as basic data for setting antibiotic reduction indicators.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.173-186
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• 2024

This paper analyzes a case of successful faculty entrepreneurship through a coupled process of open innovation in a university context, using the core competency theory perspective. Initially, the current state of faculty entrepreneurship is examined, and the effects of interdisciplinary coupled processes of open innovation are explored, focusing on the case of 'Omotion Inc.,' a startup utilizing generative AI technology for hyper-realistic 3D virtual human experiences. The research methodology involves in-depth interviews with Omotion Inc.'s co-founders, technology commercialization professionals, and experts in the field, followed by analysis based on foundational theories. Applying the core competency theory, this paper scrutinizes the process of integrating diverse expertise and technologies from various academic disciplines. The analysis goes beyond the limitations of faculty entrepreneurship confined to a single technology-centric research domain. Instead, it explores the possibilities of enhancement and value creation through coupled processes, providing practical implications for the university entrepreneurial ecosystem. The aim is to extend the traditional roles of education and research within the university, presenting a role in economic value creation beyond the boundaries of conventional faculty entrepreneurship. Through the collaboration of two faculty members, this study showcases the creation of novel technology and business models. It establishes that successful coupled processes of open innovation in faculty entrepreneurship, from a core competency theory perspective, require the entrepreneurial firm to possess (1) entrepreneurial capabilities, (2) technological capabilities, and (3) networking capabilities. The implications of this research highlight the positive impact of coupled processes of open innovation in faculty entrepreneurship, as evidenced by the Omotion Inc. case, offering guidance on entrepreneurial directions for university members preparing for entrepreneurship.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop and implement an integrated course model that centers around the subject of Home Economics Education Curriculum and Teaching Methods and its pedagogical approaches, as well as the subject of Chinese Language and Literature Curriculum and Teaching Methods and its pedagogical methods. This study aims to provide a framework to prepare pre-service teachers to effectively address a variety of educational issues in future educational settings. To achieve these objectives, the study utilizes Fogarty's connected model as a guiding framework to explore the impact of the integrated curriculum on fostering collaborative and divergent thinking among students. The findings of this research confirm that this model not only cultivates interdisciplinary competencies among course participants but also goes beyond the mere transmission of knowledge to build the capacities needed for forming an educational community, thereby increasing course satisfaction. Additionally, the study substantiates the importance of learner-centered strategies, cooperative learning, and diverse evaluation mechanisms. Such an integrated course model has the potential to revolutionize not only pre-service teacher education but also to be applicable in in-service teacher training, thus contributing to solving a broader range of educational issues.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate how companion people who raise companion animals experience companion culture from this adoption throughout their lives. So far, studies have focused on viewing pets as pets or for their utility or looking at the positive emotions that companion animals provide to humans. Accordingly, this study attempted to investigate the overall culture that companion animals and their family consistently experience together throughout the animal's life. Using Giorgi's phenomenological research method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 people with experience of raising companion animals. Six categories and 23 subcategories were found. The results are as follows. First, companion people who adopted pets for various reasons tried to improve their pets' social skills, took an interest in their nutrition, and experienced visits to pet culture spaces. Second, at the same time, they had a communal experience of raising a pet by using the SNS function, and they were able to study in depth by sharing the pet's diet. Third, with attention to social phenomena, they carried out large-scale protest activities aimed at relevant organizations when animals were placed in poor environments, and when the animals were transferred to shelters, etc., they did not give up their attention and continued to provide help such as follow-up donations and showed a sense of responsibility. Through this study, we were able to understand structurally the experiences of companion people who experience companion culture throughout their pet's life. It was concluded that it is necessary to improve related systems and laws, cultivate personal order and consciousness, and increase elements of companion culture in life overall.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.301-311
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• 2024

We developed a small-group training program for in-service teachers focused on scientific modeling. We collected the discourses of the teachers who participated in the activity and analyzed them by type. The training program employed a collaborative approach in which a small group completed tasks and produced outputs based on the theme of 'galaxies and the Universe' to enable practical application in classes. Three in-service science teachers participated in the training program. Their discourses were recorded, transcribed, and classified into types based on individual turns and interaction units. The language expressions of the teachers reflected the unique characteristics of the teaching profession, with each participant having preferred language expression types, albeit with a generally low prevalence of specific language expression types across the participants. Differences in discourse characteristics related to the modeling theme, task presentation method, and model types, revealed that variations in the proportion of interaction unit types during the modeling design, build, and evaluation stages were primarily influenced by the teachers' familiarity with the modeling theme. While the task presentation method also influenced interaction types, model types had little impact on the distribution of interaction types. Considering these findings, training programs on modeling for in-service teachers should include a checklist to encourage sufficient interaction between participants as well as propose proper questions that can be effectively addressed through collaboration.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.175-206
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• 2017

The current study described the history of Islamic extremism and the recent expansion of international Islamic extremism in Indonesia. For doing so, both content analysis of the existing written documents and qualitative interviews were conducted. For the content analysis, media reports and research articles were collected and utilized. For qualitative interviews, Indonesian students and workers in Korea, Korean spouses married to Indonesian, and Korean missionaries in Indonesia were contacted and interviewed. Qualitative interview was conducted between 30 minutes and 2 hours. On the spot, interviews were recorded and later transcribed into written documents. Due to the difficulty of identification of population and the uneasiness of accessability to th study subjects, convenient sampling and snowball sampling were used. According to the results, Islamic extremism in Indonesia had a deep historical root and generally shared similar historical experience with other muslim countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia where Islamic extremism was deeply rooted in. That is, Islamic extremism began as a reaction to the western imperialism, after independence, Islamic extremism elements were marginalized in the process of construction of the modern nation-state, and Islamic extremist movement was radicalized and became violent during the Soviet-Afghan War. In addition, after 9.11, Islamic extremism in Indonesia was connected to international Islamic extremism network and integrated into such global movement. Such a historical development of Indonesian Islamic extremism was quite organized and robust. Meanwhile, the eastward infiltration and expansion of international Islamic extremism such as IS and Al Qaeda was observed in Indonesia. Particularly, such a worrisome expansion was more clearly visible in the marginalized and underdeveloped countrysides in Indonesia. Such expansion in Indonesia could negatively affect on the security of South Korea. Geographically, Indonesia is proximate to South Korea. This geographical proximity could be a direct security threat to the Korean society, as if Islamic extremism in North Africa and Middle East becomes a direct security threat to Europe. Considering the presence of a large size of Indonesian immigrant workers and communities in South Korea, such a concern is very realistic. The arrest of an Indonesian Islamic extremism supporter in November, 2016, could be a harbinger of the coming trend of Islamic extremism expansion inside South Korea. The Indonesian Islamic community in South Korea could be a passage of Indonesian Islamic extremism into the South Korean society. In this context, it is timely and necessary to pay an attention to the recent trend of Islamic extremism expansion in Indonesia.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.177-194
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• 2015

This study that had been conducted two months by a research team of Pusan National University at the request of Korea Manwha Contents Agency in Dec. 2013 is about the statistical analysis on 'Korean Webtoon DB and its Flow Report' which resulted from the complete survey of Korean webtoons which had been published with payment in official media from early 2000 to 2013. Webtoon which means the cartoons published on web has become a typical type of Korean cartoons and has developed into a main industry since 2000s when traditional published cartoons had declined and social environments had changed. Today, it represents cultural contents in Korea. This study collected the webtoons officially published in media with payment, among Korean webtoons having been published from the early 2000s to Jan. Based on the collected data, it analyzed the general characteristics of webtoons, including cartoonists, the number of cartoons, distribution chart of each media, genre, and publication cycle. According to the data analysis and statistics, a great deal of Korean webtoons are still published in main portal websites, but their platform is being diversified and a webtoon's publication cycle tends to be shortened. In terms of genre, traditional popular genres, such as drama, comic, fantasy, and action, are still popular, and the genres of history, sports, and food are on the rise along with a social trend. Regarding webtoon application, such events as relay webtoon and brand webtoon, and a new type of webtoon featuring PPL commercialism appear. Such phenomena can realize the common profits of cartoonists, media, and ordering bodies, and are various trials to test the possibility of webtoons. In addition, what needs to pay attention on in the expansion of webtoons is increasing webtoons for adults. The study subjects are the webtoons published with payment, excluding free webtoons. However, this study failed to collect the webtoons published on the online websites already closed, and the lost information on cartoonists and their lost webtoons, and it is necessary to conduct a complete survey on all webtoons including free ones. Despite the limitations, this study is meaningful in the points that it categorized and analyzed Korean webtoons accoridng to official media, webtoons, cartoonists, and genres and that it provided a fundamental material to understand the current conditions of webtoons. It is expected that this study will be able to contribute to activating more research on webtoons and producing more supplementary data which will be used for the Korean cartoon industry and academia.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2005

Agricultural sciences field in South Korea has many strong points such as numerous researchers, establishment of research infra-structure, excellence in research competitiveness and high technological level. However, there are also many weaknesses including insufficient leadership at related societies and institutes, deficiency of the next generation research group, and insufficiency in research productivity. There are many opportunities including increasing the importance of the biotechnological industry, activating international cooperation researches, and exploring the multitude of possible research areas to be studied. However, some threats still exist, such as pressure from the government of developed countries to open the agricultural market, the decrease of specialized farms, and intensification for researches to gratify economic and social demands. To encourage research activities in the agricultural sciences field in Korea, the following actions and systems are required: 1) formulation of a mid- and a long-term research master plan, 2) development of a database on the man power in related fields, 3) activation of top-down research topics, and associated increase of individual research grants, 4) development of special national programs for basic researches in agricultural sciences, 5) organization of a committee for policy and planning within the related societies, and 6) system development for the fair evaluation of the research results.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.31-52
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• 2017

NCS education was created to realize a society in which skills and abilities are respected, such as transcending specifications, establishing recruitment systems, and developing and disseminating national incompetence standards. At the university level, special lectures and job training are being strengthened to raise industrial experts. Especially, in the field of animation, new technologies are rapidly emerging and demanding convergent talents with various fields. In order to meet these social demands, there is a limit to the existing one-class teaching method. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to participate in a variety of specialized teachers. In other words, rather than solving problems of students' job training and job creation, It is aimed to solve jointly, Team teaching was suggested as a method for this. The expected effects that can be obtained through this are as follows. First, the field of animation is becoming more diverse and complex. The ability to use NCS job-related skills pools can be matched with professors from other departments to enable a wider range of professional instruction. Second, it is possible to use partial professorships in other departments by actively utilizing professors in the university. This leads to the strengthening of the capacity of teachers in universities. Third, it is possible to build a broader and more integrated educational system through cooperative teaching of professors in other departments. Finally, the advantages of special lectures and mentor support of college professors' pools are broader than those of field specialists. A variety of guidance for students can be made with responsible professors. In other words, time and space constraints can be avoided because the mentor is easily met and guided by the university.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.181-202
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• 2020

The Non-Appropriation Principle was stipulated in the OST and the MA. However the MA, creating CHM in international law for the first time, attempted to further limit the prohibitions to include ownership of resources extracted from celestial bodies, its rejection by the U.S. and most of the international spacefaring community prevented it from serving as a binding international treaty. Individuals or private enterprises intending to perform space exploitation must receive approval from the nation and may not appropriate outer space or celestial bodies. In the course of this space activity, each party will be liable. Articles 6 and 7 of the OST and the Liability Convention of 1972 deal with matters concerning those problems. The CSLCA of 2015 and Luxembourg Space Resources Law of 2017 allows States to provide commercial exploration and use of space resources to their own nationals and to companies operated by other countries within their territory. These laws do not violate Article 2 of the OST. In the case of the CSLCA of 2015, the law clearly states that it cannot claim ownership, sovereignty or jurisdiction over certain celestial bodies. Even if scholars claim that the U.S. CSLCA and Luxembourg Space Resources Law violate the non-appropriation principle of the OST, they cannot prevent these two countries from extracting the space resources on "the first come, first served" basis. The legal status of outer space including the moon and other celestial bodies is res extra commercium, like the high seas, where the fishing vessels from each country catch and sell fish without occupying the sea. Major space-faring nations must push for the adoption of an international regulatory committee which will oversee applications and issue permits based on a set of robust, modern, and forward-thinking ideals that are best equipped to govern and protect outer space as individuals, businesses, and nations compete to commercialize space through mining and the extraction of space-based resources. The new Corpus Juris Spatialis on the development of space resources, whether it is a treaty or a soft law such as recommendation and declaration, in the case of the Moon and Mars, will cover a certain amount of area to develop, and the development period by the states should be specified.