• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2002

It is possible to classify image data into two types according to the internal representation: one is bitmap, the other is vector. A bitmap image is represented by the two dimensional pixels whereas a vector image is represented by mathematical functions to draw vector objects such as line, rectangle and circle on the two or three dimensional space. So it is necessary for users to use a individual application program for each different image. In this paper, we present a method for design and implementation of image editing tool based on combining of bitmap and vector image.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.50-61
• /
• 2024

The market for compact houses is growing due to the demand for floor plans prioritizing user needs. However, clients often have difficulty communicating their spatial requirements to professionals including architects because they lack the means to provide evidence, such as spatial configurations or cost estimates. This research aims to create a framework that can translate sketched data-driven spatial requirements into 3D building components in BIM models to facilitate spatial understanding and provide building performance analysis to aid in budgeting in the early design phase. The research process includes developing a process model, implementing, and validating the framework. The process model describes the data flow within the framework and identifies the required functionality. Implementation involves creating systems and user interfaces to integrate various systems. The validation verifies that the framework can automatically convert sketched space requirements into walls, floors, and roofs in a BIM model. The framework can also automatically calculate material and energy costs based on the BIM model. The developed frame enables clients to efficiently create 3D building components based on the sketched data and facilitates users to understand the space and analyze the building performance through the created BIM models.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.107-123
• /
• 2014

Current text mining techniques suffer from the problem that the conventional text representation models cannot express the semantic or conceptual information for the textual documents written with natural languages. The conventional text models represent the textual documents as bag of words, which include vector space model, Boolean model, statistical model, and tensor space model. These models express documents only with the term literals for indexing and the frequency-based weights for their corresponding terms; that is, they ignore semantical information, sequential order information, and structural information of terms. Most of the text mining techniques have been developed assuming that the given documents are represented as 'bag-of-words' based text models. However, currently, confronting the big data era, a new paradigm of text representation model is required which can analyse huge amounts of textual documents more precisely. Our text model regards the 'concept' as an independent space equated with the 'term' and 'document' spaces used in the vector space model, and it expresses the relatedness among the three spaces. To develop the concept space, we use Wikipedia data, each of which defines a single concept. Consequently, a document collection is represented as a 3-order tensor with semantic information, and then the proposed model is called text cuboid model in our paper. Through experiments using the popular 20NewsGroup document corpus, we prove the superiority of the proposed text model in terms of document clustering and concept clustering.

• Design Convergence Study
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.83-98
• /
• 2015

This study will examine the visual composition by which Secretly Greatly, in a circumstance that even the good original Manhwas or Webtoon have not made a hit on the market until now, could attract the spectator, in other word, illustrate the analogousness of the images through analysing visual texts. The study draw, first of all, a meaning of the box office performance caused by analogousness of image, that is similarity between the webtoon and film. In addition, the study will come up with an answer to the question that the webtoon, not in a temporary trend but in a sustainable form, can make itself develop. For this, the study suggests a meaning, worth and importance of the transformation, analysing visual components of a webtoon to film adaptation, Secretly Greatly. It primarily ranges over visual components, mise-en-scène identified with its expression formula, frame to frame changes and colour and tone. The examination sets the cinema's visual expression manner against the webtoon's on their concrete components: the size of scene, movement, color and tone, narrative condition and its background, spatial composition and depth, contrast, expression manner and disposition manner.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.469-493
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is find the relation between students' concept and types of proof construction. For this, four undergraduate students majored in mathematics education were evaluated to examine how they understand mathematical concepts and apply their concepts to their proving. Investigating students' proof with their concepts would be important to find implications for how students have to understand formal concepts to success in proving. The participants' proof productions were classified into syntactic proof productions and semantic proof productions. By comparing syntactic provers and semantic provers, we could reveal that the approaches to find idea for proof were different for two groups. The syntactic provers utilized procedural knowledges which had been accumulated from their proving experiences. On the other hand, the semantic provers made use of their concept images to understand why the given statements were true and to get a key idea for proof during this process. The distinctions of approaches to proving between two groups were related to students' concepts. Both two types of provers had accurate formal concepts. But the syntactic provers also knew how they applied formal concepts in proving. On the other hand, the semantic provers had concept images which contained the details and meaning of formal concept well. So they were able to use their concept images to get an idea of proving and to express their idea in formal mathematical language. This study leads us to two suggestions for helping students prove. First, undergraduate students should develop their concept images which contain meanings and details of formal concepts in order to produce a meaningful proof. Second, formal concepts with procedural knowledge could be essential to develop informal reasoning into mathematical proof.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.648-656
• /
• 2009

We perform an analysis of the characteristics of the time-reversal pulse in Rayleigh or Ricean fading channel environments. We verify it by using Monte Carlo simulation. In a time-reversal system, each antenna in the time-reversal array receives signals from the transmitter and reverse the received signal in the time axis and then resend it to the original transmitter. We assume that the channel characteristics varies very slowly and the spatial separation between the antennas is not large. Hence the signals received by each antenna are correlated. In this paper, the effect of the correlation on the time-reversed pulse is examined, which includes the spatial properties of the time-reversal pulse such as the focus size, and spatial power distribution.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 1999

Carlo H. Sequin, a computer scientist, became to know a sculpture of subtle space construction which was created by Brent Collins, a sculptor, and introduced it as 'Visual Mathematics' in a journal. Sequin who was able to deduce a basic logic of the construction, has developed a software which can be used for virtual modeling merely by substituting simple numerical values using a computer and supplied it to Collins. The present author who was exposed to their collaboration works through series of their papers published in the journal, Leonardo, introduces the Collins' sculptures and the author's modeling procedures of animation works both of which show many common things in visual characteristics and modeling expansion method. The author investigates the mathematical characteristics which is used as a basic motive of modeling and then supplied as a principal visual characteristics of a material. 'Modeling Development by Principle Expansion,' in which the expansion is developed on the base of space twist as for Collins whereas the space section as for the present author, is introduced in this study. With the same stream of the mutual reaction in 'arts, sciences and technology' which has been stressed with the development of sciences and technology, this modeling technology is suggested as a research theme which has a possiblity of various applications.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.168-175
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of organic relations according to the characteristics of space and place in which human activities are spreading. The diffusion of various human experiences and the interaction of space and place that form a mutual construction network create momentum for expanding individual or collective experiences. The space and place that lead to the interactions of human activities are expressed in various ways. Through the domestic travel program especially, the ways of expressing space and place are spreading as various "fields of experience." The composition and the expression system of a travel program is transformed into a subject of thought, not a mere experience of space and place through the formation of a "field of experience" that can be thought out and thought of as an existing travel style. Therefore, in this study, we examine the characteristics of the MBC Plus channel from a socio-cultural perspective, expressed through the experience of space and place characteristics expressed through a travel program. The result of an analysis of story development composition for this study shows that the experience of space and place minimizes the boundaries of various cultural discounts according to their relationships to food and communication. In addition, the analysis results of a three-way communication structure show that the emotional code of the audience is maximized through the process of maximizing the effect of reality, and minimizing the gap between the cultural differences and the boundaries through the empathic situation and the empathic subject.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2018

For satisfying consumer needs, commercial facilities require a variety of sale-related space expressions and eye-catching product arrangements; space composition can also be a direct marketing strategy. The human eye is the sensory organ that acquires the largest amount of information, and an analysis of visual information helps in understanding visual relations between . However, the existing studies are mostly focused on analysis of still frames in experimental images, and there is a lack of studies analyzing gaze information based on mobile images of commercial spaces. Therefore, this study analyzed emotional responses through gaze information of space users in reality using a video of a movement route through a commercial facility. The analysis targeted straight sections of the moving route; based on the data acquired, sectional characteristics of five gaze intensity ranges were examined. As a result, section A, the starting point of the route, had a low gaze intensity, while section B had the highest gaze intensity. This indicates that, starting in section B, the subjects explored the space in a stable way and needed time to adapt to the experimental video. In relation to space characteristics of the gaze-concentrated area, display formats of the right stores in 4 of 6 sections received greater attention. The gaze of consumers was mostly focused on props, and big gaze information was revealed in showcase display formats of the stores. In conclusion, this analysis method can provide highly useful direct design data about merchandise display and merchandise component arrangement based on consumer visual preference.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.420-425
• /
• 2016

This study discusses the architectural space's phenomenology, focusing on the physical environment and psychological behavior. Kim, Ju-Tae House, which is divided by special relationship, was analyzed by method of constructing space, and behavioral meaning with the perspective of visual structure. Kim, Ju-Tae House was constructed in a clear way by reflecting the users social, and cultural relationship. It has a relational and independent territories by physically surrounding Chae and wall. Each independent limited space is suggesting the space being opened by accessing the space stage by stage. This method of constructing the space makes the user aware of the relative difference from the induced space experience, and recognize the incremental strong isolation. Between the yard, which is located in the center of the house, forms a three-dimensional layer between Sarangchae and Anchae, emphasizing the spacial depth. The physical space is relatively small but because of the environmental conditions, such as the positioning of the observer's perspective, short cycle reorientation, and overlapped layer, it is recognized as far or deep compared to the actual size. This is the relative method as a visual perspective that is intended, and is understood as an active element that induces the psychological attitude by the recognized environment affordability of the user.