• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2002

The incidence of giant cell tumors represents only 5% to 10% of all bone tumors. Occurrence on the small bones of the hand and foot are very rare. They typically present with pain and sometimes a pathologic fracture or even soft tissue extension. The radiographic appearance is highly characteristic. An eccentric osteolytic lesion is seen, producing cortical thinning and expansion, and possessing a delicate trabecular pattern. In tarsal bones, poorly or well-defined osteolytic lesions of variable size are encountered. Surgical treatment remains the preferred therapy. Marginal or wide en bloc resection has had far better results in term of local recurrence. Several authors have suggested extended curettage and cement as an alternative to en bloc resection. Follow-up is necessary to monitor for both local recurrence and the infrequent pulmonary metastases.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

A 66-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital due to her right breast cancer. Preoperative breast MRI shows 1.9 cm malignancy on her right breast (cT1N0M0) and incidentally found osteosclerotic change of left coststernoclavicular region. Bone scintigraphy showed hot uptake and the possibility of bone metastasis was not excluded. However, because the bone metastasis is not common in early stage cancer and the costosternoclavicular region is not common site, other possibility should be considered. SAPHO syndrome can be diagnosed even in the absence of dermatosis when there is an axial or appendicular osteitis and hyperostosis, especially in costosternoclavicular region. Though breast imaging specialists are not accustomed to this disease entity, awareness and diagnosis of the SAPHO syndrome can help differentiate bone metastasis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.5 s.82
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• pp.599-611
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• 2000

Alveolar crest is the section of interproximal alveolar bone which includes the free edge of the alveolar process. An increase of the normal forces within limits of tolerance leads to deposition of new bone. If forces are beyond the limits of tolerance, resorption of bone will result whether the force produces pressure or tension. This study was designed to evaluate changes of alveolar bone levels in mesial and distal surface of the left, right first molar, by using pre-treatment, post-treatment panorama films. Two hundreds sixteen subjects were divided into adolescent group of 104 subjects and adult group of 112 subjects, to which orthodontic treatment with a bicuspid extraction (adolescent group-50 subjects, adult group-50 subjects) or without a nonextraction (adolescent group-54 !subjects, adult group-62 subjects) was applied by fixed appliances. Pre- and post-treatment Panorama films were traced, and alveolar crest height was measured. Amounts of changes in alveolar crest height by treatment were calculated md compared in terms of side of tooth, extraction, age. The results were as follows ; 1. When pre-treatment alveolar crest bone levels were compared, levels of adult group were significantly lower than those of adolescent group. 2. Post-treatment alveolar crest bone levels were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels. 3. When changes of alveolar crest height were compared, between adolescent and adult group were not significantly. 4. When changes of alveolar crest height were compared, significantly larger changes were noticed in ex윤action than nonextraction cases. 5. When changes of alveolar crest height were compared, significantly larger changes were noticed in maxilla than mandible. 6. When mesio-distally compared, significantly larger changes were observed in the distal than mesial sides of adult group.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

목적 : 치조파열 환자에 있어서 이차 치조골 이식술을 시행한 후 그 결과를 알아보고자 방사선학적 분석을 통하여 평가하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 수술전 골결손부 인접치아의 치조정 높이와 수술후 골결손부 인접치아의 치조정 높이를 근심측과 원심측에서 각각 측정함으로써 치조정의 높이가 과연 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증가하는지와 치조골 이식술의 성공률이 치조열의 너비와 상관관계가 있는지의 여부를 알아보는 것이다. 환자 및 방법 : 1991년부터 1999년까지 서울대학교병원 구강악안면외과에서 자가장골 채취 후 분쇄피질망사골 형태 또는 block 피질망상골 형태로 이식한 편측성 치조열을 가진 환자 중 최소한 6개월이 경과한 환자 56명을 연구대상으로 하였고 두 술자에 의해 시술되었다. 수술전 골결손부 인접치아의 치조정의 높이와 치조열의 너비 및 수술후 이식한 골의 높이와 절흔의 양은 치과용 파노라마 방사선 사진을 이용하여 측정하였고, 치조열의 너비는 모델이나 환자의 골결손부 근심치아의 근원심 폭경을 이용하여 환산하였다. 그리고 이식한 골의 높이와 절흔의 양을 1995년 Long이 제시한 방법으로 측정하여 술전의 측정치와 비교하였다. 결과 : 치조열의 너비는 평균 6.9mm(1.9mm-12.1mm) 였다. 근심에서의 치아는 골이식 당시 중절치가 52개(92.9%), 측절치가 4개(7.1%)였고, 49명의 환자에서 완전맹출을, 6명의 환자에서 부분맹출(측절치 2개, 중절치 4개)을 보였다. 원심측에서의 치아는 골이식 당시 측절치가 25개(44.6%), 견치가 29개(51.8%), 소구치가 2개(3.6%)였고, 완전 맹출이 32.1%, 부분 맹출이 57.2%, 미맹출이 10.7%로서 완전히 맹출하기 전에 골이식한 경우가 67.9%였다. 모든 환자에 있어서 bony bridge가 나타났고, 절흔이 인접치 아래로 연장되지 않았으며, 치조골 이식술 후 oronasal fistula를 보인 환자는 한 명도 없었으므로 성공률은 100%였다. 술후 근심측에서의 치조정의 높이는 근심측 치아 치근길이의 79%(평균), 원심측에서의 치조정의 높이는 원심측 치아 치근길이의 87%(평균)로서 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 결론: 이차 치조골 이식술을 시행한 후 치조정의 높이는 골결손부 근심측과 원심측에서 모두 유의성있게 증가하였고, 근심측에서보다 원심측에서 통계학적으로 더 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 치조열의 너비와 절흔의 양, 치조정의 높이 및 치조골이식 성공률과는 유의성 있는 관련성이 없었다.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2008

$^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT has led to advancement in diagnostic imaging, providing correlation of both physiology and anatomic information, and to new and innovative ways to utilize PET/CT imaging for the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors. Recently, the most widely utilized musculoskeletal application of PET/CT imaging is for the detection and characterization of bone metastases, staging and restaging of primary malignant bone tumors and soft tissue sarcomas. And it is also useful in evaluating response to therapy for malignant musculoskeletal tumors and in detecting local recurrences or distant metastases during follow up. The future likely holds even more unique and potentially quite useful applications of PET/CT imaging for primary bone and soft tissue tumors. This article will review the useful applications of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT imaging for evaluating musculoskeletal tumors.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.05a
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• pp.125.1-125.1
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• 1986

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if bony union can be obtained when a bone graft substitute is transplanted in order to treat a benign bone tumor and if there is a difference between calcium sulfate and hydroxyapatite in the healing procedure when the degree of the bony union after the bone graft are compared. Materials and Methods: This study selected 20 cases, in which a curettage on the benign bone tumors was conducted and a bone graft substitute was transplanted. The area of the focus, the new bone formation, the recurrence of the focus in the plain radiographs and histological findings were observed. Results: Twenty cases (13 males, 7 females) were evaluated. Their mean age at surgery was 15.8 years (2~45), and the mean follow-up period was 3 years. The mean area of focus was 30.7 $cm^3$ in the radiographs, and 19 cases showed successful results in the ultimate visit, while 1 case has a recurrence of the focus. Conclusion: Calcium sulfate has osteoconduction and superior bioavailability, and is absorbed in vivo in proportion to the new bone formation. On the other hand, hydroxyapatite has good osteoconduction. It can result in better bone formation when it is combined with an autologous bone graft, autologous bone marrow, and an allogenic bone graft, but is absorbed in vivo more slowly than the former.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Purpose: As well as patient survival, the restoration of postoperative function such as ambulation is important in limb salvage operations for treatment of malignant bone tumors involving the proximal femur. The authors analyzed clinical outcomes of limb salvage operations using tumor prostheses for metastatic or primary malignant bone tumors in the proximal femur. Materials and Methods: From February 2005 to January 2014, 20 cases (19 patients) with malignant bone tumor involving the proximal femur with pain or complicated pathologic fracture were treated with segmental resection and limb salvage operations with tumor prostheses. Mean age was 63.1 years (range 35-86). Fourteen patients were male and six ones were female. The mean follow-up period was 20 months (1-94 months). There were 15 cases of metastatic bone tumor, 4 cases of osteosarcoma, and 1 case of multiple myeloma. The primary tumors of the metastatic bone tumors included 4 lung cancers, 3 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 3 renal cell carcinomas. Other primary tumors were breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and malignant spindle cell tumor, each in 1 case. Modular tumor prostheses were used in all cases; (Kotz's$^{(R)}$ Modular Tumor prosthesis (Howmedica, Rutherford, New Jersey) in 3 cases, MUTARS$^{(R)}$ proximal femur system (Implantcast, Munster, Germany) in 17 cases). Perioperative pain was assessed with Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). Postoperative functional outcome was assessed with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) grading system. Results: Out of 20 cases (19 patients), 11 cases (10 patients) survived at the last follow-up. Average postoperative survival of the 9 deceased patients was 10.1 months (1-38 months). VAS score improved from pre-operative average of 8.40 (5-10) to 1.35 (0-3) after operation. Average postoperative MSTS function score was 19.65 (65.50%, 7-28). The associated complications were 2 local recurrences, 3 hematomas, 3 infections, 2 scrotal swellings, and 1 dislocation. There was no case of periprosthetic fracture or loosening. Conclusion: Limb salvage operation with tumor prosthesis is an appropriate treatment for early pain reduction and functional restoration in malignant bone tumors in the proximal femur with pain an/or complicated pathologic fractures.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2003

Study Design: A retrospective clinical and radiographic review. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest recycling bone autotransplantation with extracorporeal heat-treatment as one of favorable reconstruction method for malignant bone tumors of pelvis through 3 cases. Summary of Literature Review: There are many biologic and nonbiologic reconstruction method in pelvic reconstruction. Cases: Case 1- A 20-year-old women had chief complaint of right hip and thigh pain started 3 months ago and done curettage and bone cementing at right ilium at other hospital. She had impression of malignant bone tumor and undergone postoperative radiation therapy for 6 cycles. After that she was referred to our hospital and undergone wide excision of right ilium and recycling bone autotransplantation with extracorporeal heat-treatment at 132 degree celsius for 2 minutes internal fixation with pelvic reconstruction plate and total hip replacement arthroplasty (ABG$^{(R)}$). There was no evidence of distant metastasis and revealed well-differentiated osteosarcoma on postoperative pathology. Neither adjuvant nor neoadjuvant chemotherapy were done. Case 2- A 56-year-old women who suffered right thigh pain for 3 months was detected radiologic abnormality at right pelvis. After incisional biopsy, osteosarcoma was diagnosed. We had undergone wide excision of right ilium and recycling bone autotransplantation with extracorporeal low heat-treatment at 65 degree celsius for 30minutes internal fixation with pelvic reconstruction plate and total hip replacement arthroplasty (ABG$^{(R)}$). There was no evidence of distant metastasis and revealed high-grade osteosacoma which was fibroblastic type on postoperative pathology. Adjuvant chemotherapy (HDMTX, ADR, CDDP) was done immediate after wound healing was completed. Case 3- A 46-year-old women was incidently found mass at left ilium which was suspected chondrosarcoma. We had undergone wide excision of left ilium and recycling bone autotransplantation with extracorporeal low heat-treatment at 65 degree celsius for 30minutes internal fixation with pelvic reconstruction plate and total hip replacement arthroplasty (Protek$^{(R)}$). There was no evidence of distant metastasis and revealed chondrosarcoma which was graded II/III on postoperative pathology. Results: Oncologic and functional outcome at final follow-up were for case 1, final follow-up time was 7 years, is no evidence of disease and functional score is 53% according to Ennecking et al. During follow-up, evidence of radiologic union was at about 1 and 6 months after operation. The case had breakage of pelvic reconstruction plate and some resorption of autotransplated bone, but no symptom present. For case 2, final follow-up was 3 years and 6 months, is no evidence of disease and functional score is 60%. For case 3, final follow-up was 7 months, no evidence of disease and functional score is 63% which is improving state. Discussion: 3 cases which were undergone recycling bone autotransplantation with extracorporeal heat-treatment and total hip replacement arthroplasty had relatively successful oncologic and functional outcome. Taking account that difficulty in using allograft in Korea this method is thoght to be one of the useful way to reconstruct pelvis after resection of primary malignant bone tumor of the pelvis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2024

If a solitary spinal lesion is found in an older patient, bone metastasis can be primarily considered as the diagnosis. Bone metastasis can occur anywhere, but it mostly occurs in the vertebral body and may sometimes show typical imaging findings, presenting as a single lesion. Therefore, differentiating it from other lesions that mimic bone metastases can be challenging, potentially leading to delayed diagnosis and initiation of primary cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of imaging findings and clinical guidelines for bone metastases and discusses its differences from other diseases that can occur as solitary spinal lesions in older patients.