• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.32
• /
• pp.113-159
• /
• 2011

The self-segmentation of Seoin(西人) School and the appearance of Soron(少論) School in the 17th century Joseon society has an important meaning in the political history. Soron School(少論學派) had quite different line in their thought and public position from the Noron(老論) School represented by Song Shi-yeol. With such thought and position, Soron School added a vitality to the barren climate of Joseon intellectual society and soon became an important school of it. Especially, the senior leaders of early Soron School shared the culture of discussion and dialogue which was represented by the phrase, "the forest of debate and the hill of argument". Accordingly, Soron School could form an unique academic tradition which was different from other schools. For instance, Park Se-dang(朴世堂), Nam Gu-man(南九萬), Yoon Jeung(尹拯) and Park Se-chae(朴世采) had relatively flexible Conception of Heresy; which was in the same context with the academic position of Soron School that allowed diverse approaches to truth each as the path of justice. Furthermore, the leaders of Soron School continued dialogue and discussion on the wide range of current issues. They deeply sympathized with the Tangpyeong-ron(蕩平論), which was to appoint important government positions equally from multiple schools. They thought that the Tangpyeong-ron(蕩平論) was to avoid the harmful influence of conflicts between schools, the Bungdang(朋黨), and tried to tune and compromise the different opinions of different schools. In fact, the "Hwanggeuk Tangpyeong-ron" (皇極蕩平論) submitted by Park Se-chae was the summarization of the discussions shared by the Soron School leaders. Consequently, the seniors of Soron School practiced their philosophy that "the true academic practice is the communication" by keeping the dialogue with other schools while respecting the difference of each other, rather than staying comfortably in the closed academic fence of uniformity. Such communicative academic practice adopting discussion and dialogue had been succeeded to the second generation of Soron School and it remained as an unique academic tradition of Soron School.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 1999

This paper was written in order to understand each constitutional symptoms and diseases with two aspects. The first was to trace the courses to accomplish constitutional symptoms and diseases from that of oriented medicine through "Dongyi Bogam" and the original writing such as "Shanghanlun". The second was to analyze the constitutional diseases with Lee Je-ma's own recognition on human being and the society which was based on the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". The original concepts of 'The Interior Disease' and 'The Exterior Disease' were based on the Nature and the Emotion, the Environmental Frames and the Human Affairs, the Ears Eyes Nose Mouth and the Lung Spleen Liver Kidney. The exterior disease were caused by the abilities of ears to listen, eyes to see, nose to smell, and mouth to taste on the environmental frames which were related one's recognition to society. The interior diseases were caused by the abilities of lung to study, spleen to ask, liver to think, kidney to judge on human affairs which were related the relationship between me and others. So the titles of constitutional diseases were named by these views on his first writing of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" in 1894. So the titles of Taeyangin diseases, 'The lumbar Vertebae Disease Induced by Exopathogen' and 'The Small Intestine Disease Induced by Endopathogen' were still remained as the first writing. But the titles of constitutional diseases were rewritten such as present titles in 1900. In order to express pathology and mechanism of constitutional diseases exactly, he rewrote titles which contained the manifestation sites of diseases, and the symptoms of febrile and cold, and the different congenital formations of organs. The exterior diseases and interior diseases had three characteristics. The first was that the exterior disease injured by the nature which had a tendency to progress slowly and the interior disease injured by the emotion which had a tendency to progress rapidly. The second was not that the interior disease and the exterior disease were separated, but that one influenced the other and these were revealed as a disease together when the diseases continued for a long time. The third was that even though the disease caught together it was included the beginning disease. The symptoms in ordinary times was the origin and clue to recognize the constitutional symptoms and diseases. It enabled to establish the constitutional medicine which treated by different ways according to constitution. It had two characteristics which were different from the Traditional Chinese Medicine in appearance of diseases. The first was that the disease was progressed to the next step from the symptoms in ordinary times. The second was that each constitution had different symptoms which were due to symptoms in ordinary times under the same disease, The third was the manifestation of disease were different from symptoms in ordinary times in the same constitution. But the most important thing was that Lee Je-ma recognized these symptoms in ordinary times as four categories and he presented constitutional symptoms and constitutional disease. The four categories were the method to recognize the human being and the diseases for him As the symptoms and diseases of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the constitutional diseases of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" could be classified into two groups. The first group was the unique diseases and symptoms, which were not in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by the Lee Je-ma. These contained the diseases of taeyangin, the exterior disease of taeumin, the exterior disease of soyangin. The second group used the unique methods to treat disease, which were not in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by Lee Je-ma. This contained the interior disease of taeumin, the delirium diseases from the MangYin of soyangin, the treatment to help the Yang-Qi ascend and to supplement the ql In the exterior disease of soeumin. Especially, the diseases of taeyangin and taeumin which were caused by the metabolism disorders of Qi-Yack(氣液) were the great achievement to establish constitutional symptoms and diseases. The discourse of taeyangin diseases presented his original thought to recognize the symptoms and diseases through the Shin Gi Hyul Jeong(神氣血精) and the Qi-Yack, the discourse of taeumin diseases presented the disperse of Qi-Yack through the forward and backward of sweat, the discourse of soyangin disease presented the sweat of hand and feet which was manifested that yin-qi of spleen descended to yin qi of kidney, and the bowel movement which was manifested that yang qi of large intestine ascend to head, face and four extremities, the discourse of soeumin disease presented the Jueyin syndrome without the abdominal pain and diarrhea as the exterior disease and made importance to the nervous mind And the classification of exterior diseases and interior diseases were not due to the pharmacology but due to the symptoms and diseases according to the constitution.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.618-630
• /
• 2018

The contemporary shoes have been progressively trying a variety of designs using patterns as well as the formative change. However, for making those patterns secure the continuing values as the design having global competitiveness without being a temporal trend, it is required to develop the patterns which reflect the unique identity of Korea. Such development can be realized through the analysis on the traditional patterns of Korea. The patterns are the symbol of collective values. The traditional patterns implicitly express the philosophical thinking of members in a society as having been inherited up to now. Thus, this paper analyzed the gilt bronze shoes in Three Kingdoms Era using the patterns as unique design elements among traditional shoes of Korea. The symbolism of those patterns was expressed as transcendence of time and space, harmony of spirit and materials, and convergence of a region and religion. On the aspect that our ancestors interpreted and overcame the bounds of nature around human beings, pursued the ideal beyond reality and accepted a variety of thoughts, it is considered that the patterns used in gilt bronze shoes expressed anthropocentricism, idealism and inclusivism.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2006

It is not too much to say that invention of image divided the 19th and 20th century. Rapidly developed, produced and played images have a stronger effect on human beings and society. Today, images have an influence on forming interpersonal relationships by means of consciousness and ideas of new dimension, creating new image relationship different from verbal relationship between people. Especially moving image(image) is unlike other images, an image has unique psychological characteristics of its on. An image stimulates all the five human senses as well as sight, is easer to access and perceive than other media, and unable to control image development passively in general but get absorbed unconsciously very quickly. On 21th century As we are exposed to image whether consciously or unconsciously everyday, consideration on current times driving human beings and social relationship in an abnormal way is needed. Furthermore, new view of image study suggest to new relation of image that is a key factor to recover humanity and functions of society.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.42 no.11
• /
• pp.933-951
• /
• 2009

Climate change of global warming may affect the water circulation in Korea. Rainfall is occurred with complex of multiple climatic indices. Therefore, the rainfall is one of the most significant index due to climate change in the process of water circulation. In this research, multiple time series data of rainfall events were extracted to represent the rainfall characteristics. In addition, the occurrence of rainfall time series analyzed by annual, seasonal and monthly data. Analysis method used change analysis of mean and standard deviation and trend analysis. Also, changes in rainfall characteristics and the relative error was calculated during the last 10 years for comparison with past data. At the results, significant statistical results weren't showed by randomness of rainfall data. However, amount of rainfall generally increased last 10 years, and number of raining days had trend of decrease. In addition, seasonal and monthly changes in the rainfall characteristics can be found to appear differently.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 2004

Oullim is Vital principle Which allows humanity to continue its inherent culture. By proposing the evaluative authority of the creative significance of the invention of Hangul and its formation and superiority from the stand point of Oullim, I would like to focus on Hangul's creative significance on the grounds of 'broadly profound design'. The ideas of Hunminchongum's invention id based on the philosophy of Great Absolute. The philosophy of Great Absolute is natural phenomenon and metaphysical understanding of cosmology. But King Sejong could keep a good balance between identity and practicality. It is a high value of Hangul. The main idea of design is seeking for principle of nature and systematical vitality. King Sejong also put this main idea of design in practice for inventing Hunminchongum. In the process, Oullim appeared as an essential function for the Great Design.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.36
• /
• pp.203-233
• /
• 2013

In this thesis, I consider the definition and category Huang-Lao philosophy that doesn't argue to the present in the academic world. I consider the origin and formation of Huang-Lao philosophy, in the view of combining the history of a nature and a human. I consider the origin of Huang-Lao philosophy in the Guoyu and Zuozhuan, Huang-Lao philosophy accepts open academic tradition of Jixia philosophy that has an ideological acception freely, and I consider the process of an advance and systematic theory of Huang-Lao philosophy on the basis of the four treatises of Guanzi and Hanfeizi. Also, in this thesis, I focus on the current of Huang-Lao philosophy, on the both sides. One is acception of Zhujia of Daojia the other is acception of Daojia of Zhujia(Fajia). and I analysis the various contents and forms between a peculiar world view and a political methodology of Wubuwei(無不爲) in Huang-Lao philosophy.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.147
• /
• pp.77-116
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the late Heidegger's thought through commonality and differences with mystical thought. Heidegger embraces poetic and mystical elements in the process of overcoming traditional metaphysics and cognitive discourse and for exploring new meaning of Being. This study of mystical elements in his thought is important to present the uniqueness of the Heidegger's philosophy. This paper will not deal with mystical experiences or religious meanings, but with philosophical mysticism that reveals the fundamental connection between human and Being through thinking of Being itself. Here in connection with traditional mysticism the following topics will be discussed as mystical elements in the later Heidegger's thought: the Abyss of Being(Ab-grund), which go beyond conceptual reasoning and representational thinking(principle of ground); Lighting of Being(Lichtung), in which human and all Beings can be opened, and the Letting-be(Gelassenheit), which is gained not by any human accomplishment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.117-117
• /
• 2022

범지구적인 기후변화로 인하여 도시유역의 국지성 집중호우가 빈번히 발생하고 기상이변 현상이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이로 인해 도시지역의 침수 등의 자연재해 증가로 인명 및 재산피해가 발생하고 있다. 이에 따라 하수도의 제 기능을 수행하고 있다면 문제가 없지만 이상기후로 인한 기록적인 폭우에 의해 침수가 발생하고 있다. 홍수 및 집중호우와 같은 극치사상의 발생빈도가 증가됨에 따라 강우사상의 변동에 따른 하수관로의 수위를 예측하고 침수에 대해 대처하기 위해 과거 수위에 따른 수위 예측은 중요할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 서울 열린데이터 광장에서 제공하는 서울시 하수관로 수위 현황 자료를 활용하여 하수관로 수위 예측을 확인해 보았다. 대상자료는 서울특별시 강동구에 위치한 하수관로 수위 자료로, 서울 열린데이터 광장에서 제공하고 있는 2012년 ~ 2020년 25개 구 데이터 중 가장 누락데이터가 적은 자료를 활용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 하수관로 수위 예측에는 딥러닝 알고리즘RNN-LSTM 알고리즘을 활용하였으며, RNN-LSTM 알고리즘은 하천의 수위 예측에 우수한 성능을 보여준 바 있다. 하수관로 수위 예측에 앞서 1분 단위로 수집된 수위 데이터를 5분 평균, 5분 스킵자료, 10분 평균, 10분 스킵 등 비교를 위해 데이터를 구분하여 학습에 활용하였으며, 데이터 분석을 위해 하수관로 수위값 변동이 심한 1주일을 선정하여 분석을 실시하였다. 연구에는Google에서 개발한 딥러닝 오픈소스 라이브러리인 텐서플로우를 활용하였으며, 하수관로 수위 고유번호 25-0001을 대상으로 예측을 하였다. 학습에는 2012년 ~ 2018년의 하수관로 수위 자료를 활용하였으며, 모형의 검증을 위해 결정계수(R square)를 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 1989

오늘날의 청주(淸酒)는 SAKE라는 이름으로 일본(日本)을 대표(代表)하는 술로 여겨지고 있으나 사실 일본식(日本式) 청주(淸酒)의 제법(製法)도 결국(結局)은 우리나라에 그 근원을 두고 있다. 오늘날의 청주(淸酒)는 우리의 술 빚는 법이 일본(日本)으로 전래된 후, 일본(日本)에서 잘 다듬어져 다시 우리나라에 상륙(上陸)한 것으로 現在의 청주(淸酒)의 근본도 그 뿌리는 백제를 비롯한 우리나라에 있음은 주지할 만한 사실이다. 그러나 우리 고유의 술빚는 법이 체계적으로 정리되지 못하고 사라져 버린데에는 우리의 전통사상의 일부인 과학, 기술 노동을 천시하는 풍조와 술빚는 일을 특히 여성의 전유물로 여겨 양조법의 정립이 이루어지지 못한 것도 큰 이유라 하겠다. 자가용(自家用)으로만 사용되던 주조(酒造)에서 탈피하여 공업적(工業的)인 규모의 청주생산은 1883년 1월 후꾸다라는 일본인이 부산에 세운 공장을 시초로, 1917년 현 백화양조의 전신이라 할 수 있는 조선주조주식회사 설립으로 본격화되었다. 우리의 전통청주(약주)는 곡류와 누룩을 이용하여 빚는데, 누룩은 밀기울을 잘 다져서 장기간에 걸쳐 제조하며, 누룩에는 당화효소를 분비하는 곰팡이류와 알콜발효를 할 수 있는 효모류가 함께 부착되어 있다. 따라서 호화시킨 곡류와 누룩을 함께 넣어서 술을 빚게되면 당화와 발효가 동시에 일어나게 된다. 일본식 청주도 Koji라 불리는 국(麴)을 제조하는 것을 달리할 뿐 우리 전통청주와 제법의 맥락은 같다. Koji는 찐쌀에 곰팡이류를 인위적으로 접종하여 배양한 것으로, 결국 당과용 효소를 얻는다는 것은 누룩과 같은 원리이나 곰팡이균을 분리하여 접종하는 것이 다르다. 한국의 청주판매 현황을 보면 80년대 초반 급격한 감소추세를 보였으나, 업계가 적극적인 판촉활동을 벌임과 동시에 새로운 TYPE의 냉청주(冷淸酒)를 개발하여 여름철이 비수기였던 시장 상황을 완전히 깨뜨려 사계절의 주류로 만드므로서 뚜렷한 회복, 증가추세로 바꾸었다. 앞으로 좀더 잘 다듬어지고 현대 이미지에 맞는 청주가 지속적으로 등장하여야 하며, 결국 이러한 민족고유의 맛이 가미된 청주 TYPE의 주류가 우리나라를 대표하는 국주로까지 발전할 수 있으리라 확신한다.