• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2016

It is possible to achieve high strength ranging from 40 MPa to 70 MPa in alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC), and AASC is also known to have a finer pore structure due to its high latent hydraulicity and fineness of slag cement, which makes it difficult for chloride ions to penetrate. Electrophoresis is mostly used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ions, and then to evaluate resistance to salt damage. Few studies have been conducted on the fixation capacity of chloride ions in AASC. For this reason, in this study the chloride fixation within the hardened paste was evaluated according to the type and the amount of alkaline activators. As a result, it was revealed that among the test specimens, the chloride fixation was greatest in the paste containing $Na_2SiO_3$. In addition, it was found that as more activator was added, a higher level of chloride fixation was observed. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the type and the amount of alkaline activators have a high correlation with the amount of C-S-H produced.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2008

Six alkali-activated (AA) concrete mixes were tested to explore the significance and limitations of developing an environmental friendly concrete. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag and powder typed sodium silicate were selected as source material and an alkaline activator, respectively. The main parameter investigated was the replacement level of lightweight fine aggregate to the natural sand. Workability and mechanical properties of lightweight AA concrete were measured: the variation of slump with time, the rate of compressive strength development, the splitting tensile strength, the moduli of rupture and elasticity, the stress-strain relationship, the bond resistance and shrinkage strain. Test results showed that the compressive strength of lightweight AA concrete sharply decreased when the replacement level of lightweight fine aggregate exceeded 30%. In particular, the increase in the discontinuous grading of lightweight aggregate resulted in the deterioration of the mechanical properties of concrete tested. The measured properties of lightweight AA concrete were also compared, wherever possible, with the results obtained from the design equations specified in ACI 318-05 or EC 2, depending on the relevance, and the results predicted from the empirical equations proposed by Slate et al. for lightweight ordinary Portland cement concrete. The stress-strain curves of different concrete were compared with predictions obtained from the mathematical model proposed by Tasnimi. The measured mechanical properties of lightweight AA concrete generally showed little agreement with the predictions obtained from these equations.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2013

This study investigated quality properties of alkali activated cement free mortar using industrial by-product such as cement kiln dust(CKD), silica fume(SF) and quartz sand powder(SP) to compare with previous research about blast furnace slag(BS) and fly ash(FA). The results were as following. All materials were effective to increase compressive strength, however they showed different tendency on flowability. CKD and SP increased flowability, but on the other hand SF did not because it's blain was great difference with other materials. Flowability and compressive strength were related with grading distributions of binders because CKD, SP and SF which had small particle size filled up BS and FA. Application of industrial by-products with various grading distributions could be effective for the high early strength and flowability of alkali activated cement free mortar using BS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.43-44
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• 2023

This study evaluated the mechanical and electrical properties of low-cement mortar using a large amount of industrial by-products to reduce carbon emissions from the cement industry. As types of industrial by-products, blast furnace slag and fly ash, which are representative materials, were used, and ultra-high fly ash was mixed and evaluated to solve the problem of initial strength loss. In addition, in order to evaluate the electrical properties, 1% of MWCNT was incorporated relative to the powder mass. As experimental items, the compressive strength was measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 28th days of age, and the rate of change in electrical resistance was measured on the 28th day of age. As a result of the experiment, the initial strength of the test specimen mixed with blast furnace slag and fly ash was significantly lower than that of 100% cement, and the specimen mixed with blast furnace slag showed strength equal to that of cement at 28 days of age. As an electrical characteristic, the electrical resistance was reduced when the load was loaded, and this reason is judged to be the effect of improving the conductivity as the connection between CNTs is narrowed by the compressive load.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2011

In this study, it is evaluated on the properties of mechanical performance, autogenous shrinkage and chloride resistance for application of high performance concrete for bridge deck overlay used slag powder and fly ash as a representative by-product of industrialization. According to test results, it is evaluated that the durability of concrete is improved the properties of chloride resistance, autogenous shrinkage and alkali aggregate reaction by using hydraulic mineral admixtures. It is considered to have a green construction and an economic feasibility on recycling of by-product as a improved concrete for durability and efficiency in materials and constructions.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.450-457
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• 2017

This study is to develop high quality floor mortar which can be applied in construction sites using EXFG(Expansive admixdure Flue Gas desulfurization gypsum). First, as the substitution rate of ALS(Aluminum Slag) increased, the flow is increased proportionally. EXFG showed a tendency to decrease with increasing substitution rate. Also, in the case of the setting time of 5% of ALS replacement rate, the setting time of Plain compared to EXFG was decreased by 5~20%. The compressive strength increased with the ALS replacement ratio at 0%, 5% and the EXFG replacement ratio at 1%. The strength was increased when the ALS replacement ratio was more than 10%. In the case of ALS replacement rate of 0% and 5%, drying shrinkage compared to plain was decreased by about 10~25% regardless of EXFG replacement rate.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2024

Since the cement industry generates more than 60 % of CO₂ during the clinker production process, supplementary cementitious materials are used worldwide to reduce CO₂ efficiently. Mainly used supplementary cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag and fly ash, which are used in various industries including the cement industry, concrete admixtures, and ground solidification materials. However, since their availability is expected to decrease in the future according to the carbon neutrality strategy of each industry, new supplementary cementitious materials should be used to achieve the cement industry's goal for increasing the additive content of Portland cement. Limestone is a material that already has a large amount in the cement industry and has the advantage of high grinding efficiency, so overseas developed countries established Portland limestone cement standards and succeeded in commercialization. This study was an experimental study conducted to evaluate the possibility of utilizing domestic PLC, the effect of fineness and replacement ratio on the physical properties of cement was investigated, and the environmental impact of cement was evaluated by analyzing CO₂ emissions.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.136-144
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• 2013

In this study, in order to establish a plan that will enable safe use of renewable resources such as diverse industrial by-products and urban recycled materials, we conducted experiments that focused on flow, bleeding, compressive strength and environmental pollution evaluation to evaluate the material properties of low strength concrete using BFS and SS. In the case of low strength concrete using BFS and SS, blending of at least BFS 6000 within a 30% range regardless of the type of sand used was found to be the most effective approach for improving the workability by securing the minimum unit quantity of water, restraining the bleeding ratio and establishing compressive strength by taking account of the applicability at the work site. In particular, in view of the efficient use of SS, the optimal mixing condition was found to be the mixing of BFS 8000 with in the 30% range, not only for improving the workability restraining the bleeding ratio and establishing the compressive strength but also for application to the work site. Further, the results of tests on hazardous substance content and those of elution tests conducted on soil cement using SS indicated that all values satisfied the environmental standards without any harmful effects on the surrounding environment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2002

The hydration of cement paste occurs when the cement is miked with water. During the hydration, hydration heat causes the thermal stress depending on the site of concrete and the cement content. Especially in the high-strength concrete, we must give care to the concrete due to its large cement content. In this study conduction calorimeter and concrete insulation hydration heat meter were used to investigation the hydration heat characteristics of cement and concrete. To reduce hydration heat of high-strength concrete, several types of replacement of fly-ash and blast-furnace slag powder were used in this experiment. As a result of this study, it was found that hydration heat of high-strength concrete was reduced by replacement of fly-ash and blast-furnace slag powder. In case of high-strength concrete using blast-furnace slag powder, the max-heat arrival time was delayed but an effect of heat reduction was lower than a case of high-strength concrete using fly-ash, because it was considered that the heat-dependence property of blast-furnace slag powder was higher than that of fly-ash.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.569-572
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• 2008

This study carried out to evaluate the quality deviation according to Premixed and Non-Premixed cement for normal and high strength concrete using blast furnace slag and fly ash. The results of experiment are founded that concrete using premixed cement have more performance than non-premixed cement at a point of view for the quality deviations both strength and Chloride ion diffusion. Therefore, it is desirable that premixed cement should be used to decrease strength deviation in high strength concrete and durability deviation in normal strength concrete.