• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.241-249
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• 2009

Recently, a number of researches related to video annotation and representation have been proposed to analyze video for searching and abstraction. In this paper, we have presented a method to provide the picture elements of conversational participants in video and the enhanced representation of the characters using those elements, collectively called Character-net. Because conversational participants are decided as characters detected in a script holding time, the previous Character-net suffers serious limitation that some listeners could not be detected as the participants. The participants who complete the story in video are very important factor to understand the context of the conversation. The picture elements for detecting the conversational participants consist of six elements as follows: subtitle, scene, the order of appearance, characters' eyes, patterns, and lip motion. In this paper, we present how to use those elements for detecting conversational participants and how to improve the representation of the Character-net. We can detect the conversational participants accurately when the proposed elements combine together and satisfy the special conditions. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method brings significant advantages in terms of both improving the detection of the conversational participants and enhancing the representation of Character-net.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2012

In ancient Goryeo celadon, the effect of the chemical composition and ionic state of Fe on the color was evaluated by Mossbauer spectroscopy and Design of Experiment (DOE) analysis. The ancient celadon pieces excavated from the kiln sites in GangJin and Buan areas were analyzed by Mssbauer spectroscopy, chromaticity, and DOE analysis. The color of celadon was found to be mainly determined by that of glaze since variations of $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values for the body were much smaller than those for the glaze. As $Fe^{2+}$/$Fe^{3+}$ in glaze increases, $L^*$ value increases, whereas $a^*$/$b^*$ value decreases, which is well consistent with the result on the synthetic glaze. As the amount of titanium increases in the glaze, the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values decrease; on the other hand, the $L^*$ value increases, which is well consistent with the result on the synthetic glaze.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phenomena of preposing and inversion in English from the discourse-pragmatic perspectives. We claim that different types of preposing can be unified to a single process of topicalization. We also show that diverse discourse functions of inversion can be subsumed under the ‘linking’ function with the prior discourse. It is followed a comparative discussion between preposing and inversion to find what similarities the two constructions share and what differences there exist between the two. It is concluded that the choice of a syntactic forms ultimately depends on the speaker's evaluation of the information status of the knowledge store of the hearer.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1252-1261
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• 2009

One notable challenge in video searching and summarizing is extracting semantic from video contents and annotating context for video contents. Video semantic or context could be obtained by two methods to extract objects and contexts between objects from video. However, the method that use just to extracts objects do not express enough semantic for shot or scene as it does not describe relation and interaction between objects. To be more effective, after extracting some objects, context like relation and interaction between objects needs to be extracted from conversation situation. This paper is a study for how to detect speaker and how to compose context for talking to annotate conversation context. For this, based on this study, we proposed the methods that characters are recognized through face recognition technology, speaker is detected through mouth motion, conversation context is extracted using the rule that is composed of speaker existing, the number of characters and subtitles existing and, finally, scene context is changed to xml file and saved.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.208-213
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• 2000

Using three types of porcelain clays such as White, Blue, and Yellow clays, which were used as raw materials for Bae씨a, C Chungja, and common porcelains, the biological refinement by an enrichment culture of iron reducing bacteria was studied. | In the biological clay refining, amounts of leached iron increased as increasing sucrose $\infty$ncentration, which was s supplemented as a carbon and electron donor source for cell growth and iron reduction. Total amounts of the leached iron a and specific rate of iron reduction were dependent on the types of the clay. Strength and chromaticity of refined clays which a are important properties required for porcelain clays were improved as increasing sucrose concentration. The degree of s shrinking, however, did not changed. the redness among the chromaticity of refined clays is favorably reduced through the r ripening by the iron reducing bacteria. Considering iron removal efficiency and the change of physical properties, the optimal c concentration of sucrose was 4%(w/w) in the clay.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.4
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• pp.57-61
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• 2003

From the stupa of Sujongsa-Temple, located in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do province, was excavated a celadon jar with lid, a gilt-bronze nine-storied miniature pagoda and a silver-plate hexagonal miniature shrine, etc. Among them, the gilt-bronze miniature pagoda has been known as a gilt-bronze product since most of its surface has copper tint and the base part has bronze corrosion. Its formal title registered on the Cultural Properties Administration also begins with "a gilt-bronze". However, it was supposed to be a gold product in many aspects: the color and status of the surface, degree of the bronze corrosion creation and the metal thread joining the wind bell. So the necessity to prove its material by a scientific analysis was raised. We examined it with nondestructive method. The results were traces of open-working on many parts of the surface, but no traces of gilding. Moreover, as we perform an XRF analysis, the main component were gold and silver(16%) and some impurities such as copper and iron were found. Therefore, it could be inferred that this miniature pagoda is a gold product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2009

The present study examined the import routes of distilled rice liquor soju and how soju developed among the royal family and the upper classes using celadon inscribed with poetry related to alcohol beverages in the 12th century, Maebyeong style vases inscribed with government office name in charge of alcohol beverages of the royal family in the 14th century during the Koryo Dynasty. Distilled rice liquor was imported from the southwestern region to Koryo by Arabian merchants through direct and indirect routes in the Yuen Dynasty during the age of King Chungsuk and King Chunghye in around the 14th century. As soju was added to existing takju and cheongju, the three major types of alcohol beverages were completed during the late Koryo Dynasty. Celadon pitcher inscribed with poetry shows the delicate sentimentalism, aristocratic prosperity, and poetic sentiment. In particular, it is valuable in that it reflects Koryo people's mind, view of nature, and attitude toward alcohol beverages, and their inner world was also described with celadon patterns. Maebyeong style vases Yangonseo, Saonseo, Deokcheongo, Euiseonggo and Saseonseo, which are real celadon antiques inscribed with government office name, were used for rice liquor preservation. In particular, Maebyeong style vase has the exact year of creation, so it is a historically important celadon in research not only on alcohol food culture but also on art history. This shows that alcohol beverages were important foods that there were controlled and stored in celadon by the government offices for the royal family's related alcohol ceremonies. Through celadon inscribed with poetry and government office name displaying Koryo people's unique imagination and cultural consciousness, we can read their mind and lifestyle based on historical and social alcohol food culture in the Koryo Dynasty.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.127-153
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• 2003

In early Josun(朝鮮) era, the scholars, genteels, and high officials in Josun dynasty paid attention to Sijo(時調) who hoped Josun society would share Confucian values. Sijo poems written by them are based upon Confucian ideology, giving an opportunity to its members to make sure their homogeneity and helping Josun dynasty sustain its regime. Gyongichega(景幾體歌) has, however, already failed to be an appropriate genre to do these functions. Nevertheless, in the late Josun dynasty when there were agitation in class hieracy, development of currency economics, maldistribution of wealth, and pursuit of enjoyment, obscene poems turned out. Consequently these songs contributed to encroaching and eventually destroying the Josun dynasty. The question that who are in charge of creating and enjoying Sasulsijo(辭說時調) cannot be answered by approaching it in the social class point of view. The range of the maker or the reader of Sasulsijo in the late Josun dynasty was much more extensive than that in the early times. Not only aristocracy or the middle society but even some of the lower class may have made and enjoyed those songs. In the meantime, it is singer-songwriters whom Park, Hyogwan blamed for their profiteering abuse of obscenity that is supposed to have been mainly reponsible for the creation of those songs. Siga is a double-edged art in its essence--the good and the bad. The lewd songs were, in the early Josun, strictly controlled but in the late Josun dynasty, were thriving due to social changes. In this context, songs based on Confucian ideology as well as the ones focused on sexual love became decayed along with the collapse of the Josun dynasty. Even though, in the light of the history of Siga, those two types of Siga are underestimated in its artistic value, they have very special social historical meaning in doing positive and negative functions for existence and destroy of the Josun dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.108-127
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• 2014

Gangwha was a capital city of Goryeo, in spite of short-term occupation, where various national facilities such as palace stood in a row. Nevertheless, its historic importance has been undervalued owing to undiscovered palace. According to ${\ll}Goryeosa{\gg}$, palace in Gangwha was built in imitation of that of Gaegyeong. If it is true, the site of the old palace in Gaeseong as an original could give significant information for that of Gangwha. The distinct feature of Gaegyeong is that the palace was located in the west area of the centerline from north to south and pond lay in the east side. There is a mountain in the center of capital and two rivers runs along side the mountain. Gunggol at Gwancheong-ri is a best place where structural peculiarities of Gaegyeong can be applicable to Gangwha. There is an area of celadon distribution and is some topographic similarities such as central mountain, two rivers are quite similar. It is assumable that excavation result of no. 405 Gwancheongri reflects the function of east pond and thoroughfare responds to main street from north to south of Gaegyeong. After all the analysis from archaeological information, old maps, cadastral maps, topographic similarities and so on, Gunggol at Gwancheong-ri within an arc shape road is a most suitable place as palace in Gangwha.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.4-19
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• 2012

There remain many royal tombs of the Goryeo Dynasty in Gaeseong and Ganghwa. During the Goryeo Dynasty, these royal tombs were taken over tradition of tomb construction style from previous generation, and they completed their own inventive style. Furthermore they handed down those style to the Joseon Dynasty. The area of tomb was divided into 3 or 4 steps, and stone figures and T-shaped houses for sacrifice were arranged on each steps. It was the stone chamber of lateral opening style which had an entrance to southward, and it was formed as a rectangular box-shaped with a pile of stone walls and a flat ceiling. There was a coffin stand in the middle of floor, and traditional bricks were around them. The wall side and ceiling had been whitewashed and painted pictures. These are general characteristics for the tomb construction style of the Goryeo Dynasty. By the way, we can notice a number of features except those general things with inspection in detail. In early days, we confirmed 1step-parallel fulcrum ceiling, coffin stand of all in one stone, bier of burial artifact, and mural of plant material as a set, but they were changed as flat ceiling, Red-stone wall with rectangular stone, coffin stand set as stone pillar through the period of transitional form as of in the late 12th century. In case of several royal tombs, the fragments of king's epitaph which were confirmed from tombs could be defined owners clearly, and there were considerable timing difference between the large numbers of celadons which were excavated with the fragments of king's epitaph and recording chronologically of stone chamber structure. The reason for timing difference is that posterity artifacts were buried through repairing courses by occasion of destruction caused by robbing of the royal tombs. Meanwhile I inferred the existing hypothesis about owners of royal tombs and autonym ones in comparison the burial spot direction of hypothesis ones and outcomes of excavation. Therethrough, some hypothesis about owners of royal tombs such as Myung-neung which was assumed as tomb of the King Choongmok were not correct.