• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1980

혈액질환(血液疾患), 특히 용혈성빈혈(溶血性貧血)을 수반(隨伴)한 경우(境遇)에 적혈구(赤血球)의 생성(生成), 파괴과정(破壞過程)을 정확히 파악하는 것은 빈혈(貧血)의 발생기전(發生機轉) 및 병인(病因), 치료(治療), 예후(豫後) 결정(決定)에 매우 중요(重要)하다. 적혈수명측정법(赤血壽命測定法)은 최근(最近) 방사성(放射性)동위원소(同位元素)를 이용(利用)한 방법(方法)이 소개된 이래 널리 시행(施行)되어 왔다. 그러나 그 방법(方法) 및 결과(結果) 해석(解釋)에 표준화(標準化)가 되어 있지 않았던 중 1971년 ICSH (International Committee for Standardization in Hematology)에서 expert panel을 갖고 ICSH 추천 방법(方法)을 발표(發表)하였고, 본지(本誌)에서도 그 내용(內容)을 게재(揭載)한 바 있다. 1980년 ICSH는 전문기관 및 전문가의 협조(協調)를 얻어 다시 expert panal을 갖은 후 1971년에 추진한 적혈구수명측정법(赤血球壽命測定法)의 일부(一部)를 수정(修正)하여 ICSH의 표준방법(標準方法)으로 발표(發表)하였다. 개정(改正)된 표준방법(標準方法)과 1971년 ICSH추친 방법(方法)과의 차이(差異)는 다음과 같다. $^{51}Cr$표지방법중(標識方法中) 참고방법(參考方法)(Reference method)인 ACD법(法)에 수정(修正)을 가하여, ACD solution 구성성분(構成成分)이 차이(差異)가 있으며, 표지(標識)$^{51}Cr$의 양(量)을 체중당(體重當) $1.5{\mu}Ci$에서 $0.5{\mu}Ci$로 제한(制限)시켰다. 투여방법(投與方法)에 대한 언급 특히 투여하는 표지적혈구(標識赤血球)의 용적을 정확하게 측정 하기 위한 방법 4가지를 추가하였고, 검체준비(檢體準備) 과정중(過程中)의 pipet error를 방지(防止)하기위해 일정(一定)한 형태의 pipet을 사용(使用)하며, 1ml의 tuterculin syringe는 사용(使用)하지 않기로 하였다. 또한 결과분석시(結果分析時) 혈구용적(血球容積)의 항정성(恒定性)을 위해 Sodium pertectnetate($^{99m}Tc$)를 이용(利用)해 혈구용적(血球容積)을 반복(反復)해 측정(測定)하도록 하였으며 이때 사용(使用)하는 방사성동위원소(放射性同位元素)는 $^{32}P$ 대신 $^{99m}Tc$로 하였다. 결과해석시(結果解釋時) IgG 항체(抗體) 또는 IgM 항체(抗體)에 따른 차이점(差異點)에 대한 고려가 추가(追加)되었다. ICSH와 국제혈액학회(國際血液學會)에서 수정(修正)된 ICSH 표준방법(標準方法)에 의한 적혈수명측정법(赤血壽命測定法)을 널리 소개(紹介)하여 결과(結果)의 표준화(標準化)를 기하고자 연관잡지(聯관(關)雜誌)에 게재(揭載)할 것을 요청(要請)하였기에 전문(全文)을 본지(本誌)에 소개(紹介)하고자 한다.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries and to explore the correlation between shoulder pain and quality of life. Methods : Out of 182 participants initially included, 168 were selected for analysis. The questionnaire had 41 questions, with 15 on the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) and 26 on the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Results : It was found that participants' scored 50.75 in the WUSPI, whereas they scored higher in mobility and overhead activity. In addition, participants' WHOQOL-BREF scored 70.48, with a mean score of 2.71, which was lower than ordinary adults' WHOQOL-BREF (mean: 3.11) and that of older people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal system pain (total score: 77.92). Conclusion : The participants' WUSPI showed negative correlations with all items, including the total scores on the WHOQOL-BREF. This suggests that the participants' shoulder pain had a negative impact on their quality of life. Therefore, clinical experts, including occupational therapists, should provide manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries with programs aimed at preventing and managing shoulder pain, thereby contributing to improving their quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.132-142
• /
• 2023

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed in the diagnostic immunology laboratory of the Seoul National University Hospital. Among 611 HLA-DR tests, specific bead reactions suspected of being false positive and false negative in Lot 20 reagents were found. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors causing cut-off corrections by examining cases where cut-off corrections were not made for 533 test results and cases where cut-off corrections were made for 78 cases after the cut-off corrections of specific beads. Frequency analysis was conducted to verify the demographic characteristics, and descriptive statistics were used to assess the humidity in the laboratory as a variable. Cross-tabulation was done to examine the association between cut-off corrections and demographic characteristics. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to verify the difference in humidity based on cut-off corrections. Finally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between humidity levels and the rate of cut-off corrections, and results showed as the humidity level in the laboratory highs, the number of cut-off corrections decreased by a factor of 0.986. This suggests cut-off corrections rate increases when the humidity lowers. Therefore, it indicates that humidity in the laboratory is also a factor that affects HLA typing results.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.6 no.12
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this were to analyse the quantitative research trends and describe the factors influencing health related to quality of life (HRQoL) and instruments used to HRQoL after Intensive care units (ICU) discharge. Methods: This study were included 84 published papers regarding HRQoL after ICU discharge from initial data to December 2015. Results: The majority of papers were performed abroad. Only 4 papers with regard to HRQoL of ICU survivors were performed by nurses. 36 studies (42.8%) were used to measure HRQoL ICU survivors using the SF-36. 29 studies (34.5%) were used to measure HRQoL at 3~6 months after ICU discharge. Older age, longer length of stay at ICU, severity of illness, anxiety and depression were main risk factors to lower HRQoL in ICU patients. Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of quality of life follwing critical illness. Therefore, further stduy is needed to develop patient centered intervention considered patients'health status and recovery phase. Additionally, large prospective multicenter cohort studies should be required.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2023

This study examined the transition process of clinical laboratory technologists' national examination and job definition in Korea and compared the differences in the national examination between Korea and neighboring countries, such as Japan and Taiwan. In Korea, the number of questions made for it was 200 (1965), 200 (1977), 300 (1982), 250 (1992), 330 (2006), and 280 (2015). The practice of clinical physiology is important for real-time monitoring, given the characteristics of physiological testing. On the other hand, there are conflicts between other occupations in the working area. Clinical molecular biology needs to be established as a new major subject considering the diagnostic importance of molecular biological tests and the speed of science and technology development. Clinical laboratory operations provide policy and guidance recommendations to technologist staff. The proposed clinical laboratory technologists' national examination comprises major subjects: clinical biochemistry, clinical hematology, clinical transfusionology, clinical immunology, clinical microbiology, clinical molecular biology, clinical histology, clinical cytology, clinical physiology, and clinical laboratory operations. In addition, this study proposes the job definition of clinical laboratory technologists, revising various chemical or physiological testing to biomedical or physiological testing required for medical practice.

• Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to use of restraints for older adults with dementia in long-term care settings. Methods: This study analyzed secondary data from the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Care in Korea (NaSDeCK). Demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, and functional characteristics were analyzed. Data were analyzed with χ² test, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Among participants, 8.2% experienced use of restraints. 'Strap' (78.3%) was the most commonly used restraint and 'Behavioral problem' (51.3%) was a major reason for the restraint. Persons who have low levels of daily activity and cognition deficits, higher levels of dependence, histories of falls within the past 3 months, and living in long-term hospitals have greater probability of restraint experience. Conclusion: Developing interventions for older adults who have a high risk of being restrained is essential to minimize unnecessary restraint use among older adults with dementia in long-term care settings. Further study exploring the interacting roles of organizational and staff factors related to use of physical restraints would provide more comprehensive perspectives in understanding this phenomenon.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.941-958
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore change trajectories patterns of Self-Rated Health in middle aged, to identify socioeconomic factors, self-esteem, family relationship factors, and to identify relevant predictors. For this purpose, the 2,418 middle aged, who married couples were extracted from the 2^nd to 12^st waves of Korea Welfare Panel Survey data. The data analysis included Latent Class Growth Analysis, multiple logistic regression. The change trajectories patterns of self-rated health in middle aged were classified into four types: (1) high state-retained type(46.3%), (2) low state-retained type(19.6%), (3) reduced type(17.5%), (4) increasing type(16.6%). Despite the control of chronic diseases that are closely related to health, when the low state-retained type, which is a crisis group, was set as the reference group for the self-rated health, the economic participation, self-esteem and satisfaction of the family relationship had a more inadequate effect than the high state-retained type. Likewise, when the reduced type, which is a crisis group, was set as the reference group for the self-rated health, the economic participation, self-esteem, satisfaction of the family relationship, and family stress had a more effect than the increasing type. Based on the analysis results, this study suggest political and practical intervention to maintain the proper health, and the details are as follows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.1115-1122
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to present reasonable reception bandwidth application standards for the purpose of suppressing metal objects during MRI examinations. For this purpose, T2 contrast images were acquired using high-speed spin echo technology on a phantom made of screws for spinal surgery, and metal objects were detected. In addition, images were obtained by increasing the reception bandwidth from 100 Hz/PX to 800 Hz/PX by 100 Hz/PX. The metal artifacts were determined as the sum of the areas of the signal attenuation area and the signal accumulation area. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the pattern of metal artifacts according to imaging variables. As a result, the signal accumulation area did not change significantly as the reception bandwidth increased (p>0.05), but the signal loss area and the area of metal artifacts decreased as the reception bandwidth increased (p<0.05). Interestingly, the area of metal objects decreased to a maximum in the section where the reception bandwidth was increased from 100 Hz/PX to 200 Hz/PX, consistent with the section where the echo spacing was reduced to a maximum due to the increase in reception bandwidth. In addition, the correlation analysis results also showed that the eco spacing was more related to the signal attenuation area and the area of metal objects than to the reception bandwidth. Therefore, if the reception bandwidth is increased for the purpose of reducing metal objects, it is reasonable to set it based on a value that minimizes the echo spacing in consideration of image quality factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.1099-1108
• /
• 2023

The mortise view radiography procedure is an ankle joint examination and observes the presence of trauma, sprain, or dislocation suspected in the ankle joint. The auxiliary equipment used during the mortise view radiography procedure can generate artifacts in the radiograph images and is not diverse enough to be custom-made for each patient; not cost-efficient. The purpose of this study is to create a custom assistive device to support mortise view radiography procedure. This study utilized 3D printing technology to create the mortise view radiography procedure assistive device (ShinHan Device; SHD). The lengths of the tibiotalar joint (TTJ), talar calcaneal joint (TCJ), and medial joint (MJ) were measured and evaluated by five researchers using both SHD and the prototype Hologic tool. The mean ranges were found to be 39.42-39.47 mm for TTJ, 31.41-31.57 mm for TCJ, and 21.21-21.23 mm for MJ while using SHD device. On the other hand, the measurements showed mean ranges of 39.73-39.79 mm for TTJ, 31.46-31.50 mm for TCJ, and 21.31-21.35 mm for MJ while using the Hologic tool. Based on this study results, the error ranges at all positions decreased by 24% for TTJ, 17% for TCJ, and 36% for MJ when using SHD device compared to the Hologic tool. Moreover, when SHD was used, it allowed for a highly reproducible examination posture (ICC = 0.99), and it enabled the acquisition of radiograph images without artifacts, which were present in the Hologic tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.1007-1014
• /
• 2022

Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a method of treating tumor cells using radiopharmaceuticals. Cells and nuclei constituting tissues of the human body are composed of spherical and oval shapes, but cancer cells are composed of various cell types. Therefore, this study analyzed the absorbed dose for each organelle according to the change in the size of the cell nucleus for beta-emitting nuclides during targeted radionuclide therapy through the Monte Carlo method. Cells were set in two sphere shapes, 5 ㎛ and 10 ㎛, and the internal structure was divided into cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell surface. Next, the absorbed dose according to the increase in the size of the cell nucleus was evaluated. As a result, ¹⁷⁷Lu among the target radionuclides showed the highest dose in all cell compartments. As the ratio of the nucleus in the cell increased, the absorbed dose on the cell surface increased, but the absorbed dose in the cytoplasm and nucleus tended to decrease. Accordingly, it is judged that it is important to select a radionuclide considering the size of cancer cells and determine an appropriate amount of radioactivity during targeted radionuclide treatment.