• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2011

The effects of duration and time-dependent, high-intensity exercise on hematological properties and inflammation-related parameters in rats were studied. 20, 60, and 120 min of high-intensive exercise were performed daily for 8 weeks. None of the complete blood count (CBC) factors were affected by the exercise, except for the leukocyte concentration which, in the 20 min group, showed an increase of 47% compared to the control, but this was decreased after 60 min by 30% compared to the control. As exercise was performed for 60 min or longer, serum concentrations of $Fe^{++}$, unsaturated iron biding capacity (UIBC), and total iron biding capacity (TIBC) were significantly elevated in comparison to the control, where 20 min of exercise did not show any change. Both levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the serum, were elevated in response to the high-intensity exercise, however the rate of IL-6 increase was higher than the rate of exercise intensity increase, thus the offset of inflammation might be suggested. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the serum became high in response to the exercise. Overall, the current observation suggests that inflammation-like responses to high-intensity exercise might be due to high circulation of blood flow and high oxygen requirement, resulting in systemic damages. However, under the current high-intensity exercise conditions, more than 20 min of exercise might not be suggested for health care purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 2005

To evaluate environmental charateristics of the South Sea and East China Sea on summer, water and sediment quality were measured in June 2001-2003. Surface layer was affceted by Warm water originated from the high temperature and salinity-Tsushima Warm Current, on the other hand, Yellow Sea Cold Water was spread to the bottom layer in the south-western part of the Jeju island, and salinity at stations near the Yangtze River was decreased below 29psu because of a enormous freshwater discharges. Thermocline-depth was formed at about 10m, and chlorophyll maximum layer was existed in and below the thermocline. COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand), TN(Total Nitrogen), and TP(Total Phosphorus) concentrations showed seawater quality grade II in surface layer of the most area, but concentrations of such as COD, Chl. a, TSS(Total Suspended Solid), and nutrients were greatly increased in the effect area of Yangtze River discharges. Correlations between dissolved inorganic nitrogen, Chl. a and salinity were negative patterns strongly, in contrast, those of inorganic phosphorus, COD and Chl. a were positive, which indicates that phytoplankton biomass and phosphorus are considered as important factors of organic matter distribution and algal growth, respectively. in the study area. The distribution of ignition loss, COD, and $H_2S$ of surface sediment were in the ranges of 2.61-8.81%, $0.64-11.86mgO_2/g-dry$, and ND-0.25 mgS/g-dry, respectively, with relatively high concentration in the eastern part of the study area. Therefore, to effective and sustainable use and management of this area, continuous monitoring and countermeasures about major input sources to the water and sediment, and prediction according to the environmental variation, are necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.536-541
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• 2003

In order to avoid oxygen contamination on the diamond surface as far as possible during the device process, the A1/Ca $F_2$/diamond MISFET(metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor) was prepared by ultrahigh vacuum process and its electrical properties were investigated. The surface conductive layer of fluorinated diamond surface was employed for the conducting channel of the MISFET. The observed effective mobility(${\mu}$e$\_$ff/) of the MISFET was 300 c $m^2$/Vs, which is the highest value obtained until now in the diamond FET. Besides, the measured surface state density of the device was ∼10$\^$11//c $m^2$ eV, which is comparable with conventional Si MOSFET$\_$s/(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors). This work is the first report of the fluorinated diamond MISFET prepared by ultrahigh vacuum process and its application to inverter circuit.

• Food preservation and processing industry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 2004

매실을 다양하게 이용하고 부가가치를 높이며 매실의 품질저하 방지 및 이용성 증대를 도모하기 위하여 실시된 지금까지의 매실의 가공, 저장 및 포장 방법에 대한 것을 조사하였다. 매실의 저온저장 시청매실은 $0\~1^{\circ}C$의 저온보다도 $5\~8^{\circ}C$에서 저온 장해가 발생하기가 쉽다고 보고되었다. 이러한 장해를 방지하기 위하여 수확직후에 $0^{\circ}C$정도의 냉수로 급속히 청매실의 품온을 저하시키면 $5\~8^{\circ}C$의 저장에서도 저온장해가 경감되고 추숙도 억제한다고 한다. 상온 CA저장 조건 하에서 청매실의 선도를 유지하기 하는데 대량으로 발생하는 에틸렌의 제거와 저산소($2\%$ 하한), 고이산화탄소($8\%$)의 가스조성이 효과적이라고 보고되었다. 청매실의 저장 중 선도유지를 위하여 청매실을 저밀도폴리에틸렌(LDPE 20${\mu}m$) 필름 봉투에 포장하여 에틸렌 제거제를 넣고 $20^{\circ}C$에 저장한 결과, 에틸렌생성량은 낮은 수준으로 유지되었고 연화에 의한 품질저하가 현저히 억제된는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그리고 MA포장(LDPE 30${\mu}m+$에틸렌제거제)에서도 청매실의 녹색유지 효과가 탁월하였고 이산화탄소 농도가 높을수록 황화가 억제된 것이 연구에 의하여 밝혀졌다. 포장재의 두께를 달리할 때 청매실의 선도유지 효과도 서로 다르게 나타난다고 보고되었다. 청매실을 두께가 다른 필름에 포장, $25^{\circ}C$에서 8일간 저장한 매실은 LDPE 20, 30 필름에 포장한 것이 저장 8일에도 녹색을 그대로 유지한 것을 보아 선도유지 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 그리고 중량감소은 LDPE 30, 40이 적게 나타났고 장해정도는 LDPE 20, 30 적게 나타났다. 청매실의 저장 중 선도유지가 가장 양호한 LDPE 30 포장재에 청매실과 함께 탄산가스흡수제, 에틸렌제거제를 각각 또는 혼합첨가하고 밀봉한 후 $25^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 저장한 매실은 에틸렌제거제 첨가한 것이 녹색유지효과와 선도유지효과가 좋았으며 매실의 장해발생도 가장 낮은 것으로 보고되었다. 매실을 이용하여 제조되는 가공식품으로는 매실주, 매실차, 매실 Fruit leather, 매실절임, 고추장장아찌, 매실식초, 매실잼, 매실김치 등이 있다. 앞으로 매실의 이용을 증진시키고 소비를 더욱 촉진시키기 위해서는 매실의 생리학적특성을 이해하여 더욱 효과적인 저장 및 포장방법을 개발하고 생리활성을 이용한 새로운 매실제품의 개발에 대한 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것이다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

To extend the freshness of late autumn Chinese cabbage, the packaging and loading effects on the quality were investigated during cold storage. Judging from overall quality during storage period, late autumn Chinese cabbage could be stored by 3 months at 0$\^{C}$ cold storage. However, late autumn Chinese cabbage was not acceptable for long-term storage because of its marketability and the storage cost. Among 3 packaging methods(PP-net, carton and plastic container) for stored Chinese cabbage, plastic container and carton were more effective than PP-net packaging for the freshness prolongation. Gas composition in the plastic bags during storage was not significantly different among packaging conditions and O$_2$ and CO$_2$ concentrations were 13∼18% and 0.75∼7.48%, respectively, MAP with plastic film was effective for the quality retention because of low oxygen composition and high humidity condition in the bags.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2023

Suspended solid in river is resource serious contamination. Suspended solid have a pernicious influence to fish and aquatic ecosystem. Flood and sediment and land use in river are largely[mainly] responsible of suspended solid. Especially, resuspension phenomenon of sediment will be dangerous effect to aquatic ecosystem. Study of fish and aquatic ecosystem on suspended solidus slight in fresh water. This study was basic research to manage fish and aquatic ecosystem on turbidity. It was conducted to analyze and monitor fish response on turbidity. Result in this study was confirmed the insensitive and die of fish on reduction of oxygen supply.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.369-380
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• 2020

Most mono-crystalline silicon ingots are manufactured by the Czochralski (Cz) process. But If there are oxygen impurities, These Si-ingot tends to show low-efficiency when it is processed to be solar cell substrate. For making single-crystal Si- ingot, We need Czochralski (Cz) process which melts molten Si and then crystallizing it with seed of single-crystal Si. For melts poly Si-chunk and forming of single-crystalline Si-ingot, the heat transfer plays a main role in the structure of Cz-process. In this study to obtain high-quality Si ingot, the Cz-process was modified with the process design. The crystal growth simulation was employed with pulling rate and rotation speed optimization. Studies for modified Cz-process and the corresponding results have been discussed. The results revealed that using crystal growth simulation, we optimized the oxygen concentration of single crystal silicon by the optimal design of the pulling rate, rotation speed and melt charge level of Cz-process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

A respiration rate analysed by enzyme kinetics-based respiration model and gas permeability data of LDPE film were applied to design the optical modified atmosphere (MA) packaging condition of persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) fruits. The fruit quality rapidly decreases due to physiology disorder such as softening and peel blackening. $O_2$ permeance ($Q_{O2}$ in $ml{\cdot}hr^{-1}{\cdot}atm^{-1}{\cdot}m^{-2}$) and $CO_2$ performance ($Q_{CO2}$ in $ml{\cdot}hr^{-1}{\cdot}atm^{-1}{\cdot}m^{-2}$) of low density polyethylene (LDPE) film samples were measured at $0^{\circ}C$ and described as function of thickness (L in ${\mu}m$) as $Q_{O2}=(2540{\times}1/L)-16$, and $Q_{CO2}=(13742{\times}1/L)-70$, respectively. MA package containing single persimmon fruit of 225g was designed and tested experimentally at $0^{\circ}C$ by using LDPE films. Package atmospheres predicted from the relationship of $O_2$, $CO_2$ and $N_2$ balances on the packages was in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Physiology disorder occurrence was the lowest at 52 ${\mu}m$ package that attained optimum gas condition ($O_2$ 2.8% and $CO_2$ 5.4%). The computer simulation was found to be effective to help to design the optimum MA packaging condition of individual persimmon fruit.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2007

We investigated survival and osmolarity, oxygen consumption, amonia extetion and filtration rates associated with physiological responses of the tunicate Halocynthia roretzi salinity changes. Acclimation times for osmolatity in different salinities took $20{\sim}26$ hours in 60% SW (19.8 psu) and $20{\sim}25$ hours in 80% SW (26.4 psu), while their times took $7{\sim}8$ hours in 110% SW (36.3 psu). Accordingly, acclimation times for high salinities were faster than those for low salinities. Survival (%) was more than 80% at salinity over 26.4 psu, and 6 $days-LS_{50}$ was 25.4 psu. physiological responses such as oxygen consumption, amonia excretion and filtration rates of H. roretzi showed more clear reactions in the longer exposure period (four days after exposure) than that in the beginning of the exposure. To sum up the results, the tunicate might be stressed from the beginning of the exposure in low salinity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

This study was conducted to compare the storability of 6 chicory cultivars for producing chicon; 'Vintor', 'Focus', 'Metafora', 'Kibora', 'Nobus', and 'Redoria Red' grown in 2 regions: Chuncheon (plain region) and Pyeongchang (high land region). Chicons were produced from chicory roots that grown for 120days and then stored for over 120days at $2^{\circ}C$ and 90% of RH conditions. To produce chicon, chicory root was forced at $18^{\circ}C$ for 22days with suppling the nutrient solution ($KNO_30.54g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $Ca(NO_3)_2\;1.02g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $MgSO_4\;0.36g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $KH_2PO_4\;0.21g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $K_2SO_4\;0.10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, pH 7.0). Chicons produced from 6 different chicory cultivars packed with $25{\mu}m$ ceramic film and stored for 25days at $8^{\circ}C$. The fresh weight of chicon in MAP was maintained to 99.5% of pre-storage weight. The fresh weight of 'Redoria Red' was lowest in all cultivars, and that of Chuncheon region cultivated treatment was lower than Pyeongchang treatment. The $CO_2$ and $O_2$ concentration in chicon MAP were 2% and $10{\sim}17%$. There were not significantly different among cultivars and between regions, although 'Redoria Red' cultivar showed highest $CO_2$ and lowest $O_2$ concentrations. The ethylene concentration in chicon MAP was $1.0{\mu}{\iota}{\cdot}{\iota}^{-1}$ and also didn't show any significant difference among all treatments. Chicon detoriorated visual quality with appearing russet spotting that result from ethylene gas. The visual quality of 'Redoria Red' cultivar decreased faster than the other cultivars. 'Metafora', 'Focus', and 'Kibora' maintained higher firmness of their leaf than the others, and the firmness was higher grown in Pyeongchang region cultivated treatments than in Chuncheon region.