• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.81-101
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• 2012

A franchise system develops competitive products for a franchise store through the system established by the franchise head office. Therefore, it has advantages of expanding the marketing effect since the risk of failure is reduced for a founder and the franchise head office supports the overall sales, advertisement and promotional activities. Also, a franchise store has advantages of fulfilling necessary facilities and tools on advantageous terms, reducing expenses by purchasing in bulk, and getting a supply of products with stable qualities. However, aside from such advantages, franchise head offices are forcing franchise stores to make unnecessary investments in equipments and remodel the interior. Also, franchise business operators are being made to share the cost of marketing and multiple franchise stores are being approved within the same business district, and franchise business operators are suffering damages. Therefore, cases of shutting down a franchise store or not renewing the contract are frequent. From the position of a franchise head office, profits that are generated from franchise fees, interior remodeling fees and supplying facilities and materials will increase as the number of new franchise stores increases. However, franchise stores are faced with difficulties due to excessive competitions between similar types of businesses and the overlapping of business districts that come from increases in the number of stores, and they eventually end up shutting down. Therefore, in order for a franchise business operator and franchise head office to grow and develop continuously, opening new stores is important, but successfully renewing the contract by maintaining a relationship with an existing franchise business operator is desirable. In this aspect, a study that examines the elements that can affect the relationship between a franchise business operator and franchise head office is believed to be important for the development of the franchise industry and creating safe jobs for the public. With an emphasis on the relationship between a franchise head office and franchise store, this study attempted to examine the effect of characteristics of a franchise head office and franchise business operator on the bilateral relationship such as the faith and immersion, and wished to review the effects of such faith and immersion on the satisfaction of a franchise store, including an intention of renewing the contract. In particular, in the current situation of great uncertainties in the market, this study also wished to examine how uncertain market elements will affect the relationship between the characteristics of a franchise head office and franchise business operator, and the faith and immersion. The study revealed that among the characteristics of a franchise head office, the standardization management of a franchise head office hinders a franchise store's faith and immersion in a franchise head office. Also, a franchise head office's support was shown to increase a franchise store's faith and immersion. However, it was revealed that a franchise head office's regulation and incentive policies for a franchise store do not affect a franchise store's faith and immersion. Among characteristics of a franchise business operator, a franchise store's healthy financial status and entrepreneur spirits were shown to enhance the faith and immersion in a franchise head office. However, it was shown that excellent business abilities of a franchise business operator actually reduce the immersion for a franchise head office. Also, the faith and immersion in a franchise head office were shown to enhance the intention of renewing the contract by increasing the satisfaction for a franchise head office. In addition, it was originally believed that the effects of a franchise business operator's characteristics on the faith and immersion in a franchise head office will vary depending on the market uncertainty, but the effect of a franchise business operator's characteristics depending on the recognition of uncertainties was shown to be insignificant. Such findings show that instead of making a franchise store pay for equipment investments and marketing and obtaining profits by force, a franchise head office should actively support a franchise store so that a franchise store's business activities can be conducted well, which will bring profits to a franchise store and ultimately to a franchise head office. This is a more desirable direction for the development of both parties. Implications of such findings are summarized as follows. First, it was shown that a franchise head office's standardization management actually reduces a franchise store's faith and immersion. Therefore, it is believed that instead of conducting standardization managements for regulating and managing franchise stores, measures should be developed so that franchise stores can actually participate voluntarily. For this, a head office should put in efforts to develop and provide standardized manuals, and make sure that a self-review system takes root. Second, a franchise head office's incentives did not have significant effects on the faith and immersion, but the support was shown to be effective. Therefore, it can be seen that instead of taking post-measures for a franchise store, taking pre-measures of actively supporting is more effective in maintaining a franchise store. Third, among characteristics of a franchise head office, it was shown that a franchise store's healthy financial status increased the faith and immersion in a franchise head office. Therefore, when selecting a franchise business operator, instead of thoughtlessly opening up franchise stores for the profit of a head office, it is believed that reviewing a franchise business operator's financial firepower and credit status is necessary. As for academic implications, previous studies examined the relationship by focusing on the characteristics of a franchise head office and franchise store, but this study focused on the characteristics of a franchise business operator. Therefore, this study dealt with the importance of a franchise business operator's competence, and is significant because it revealed the fact that a franchise business operator's excellent commercialization ability can become an element that hinders the immersion in a franchise head office. It was originally believed that a franchise store's characteristics will have different effects on the faith and immersion depending on the market uncertainty, but it was shown that the effect of a franchise store's characteristics depending on the recognition of uncertainties was insignificant, and that is the limitation of this study.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

Purpose - The present study examined the reliability of accounting information based on the pay slice (CPS) information of chief executive officers (CEOs) in the service industry. The difference in the size of CPS under the capitalist system can be used as an index to gauge the influence of top management. Research design, data, and methodology - In accordance with the amendment of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Market Act in 2013, the pay information of individual registered executives with annual salary of more than 500 million won has been disclosed. The sample of the current study is 232 companies listed on the Korea Exchange excluding financial services from 2013 to 2015, when the individual pay-slice information for registration officers was published in the business report in accordance with the revision of the Capital Market Act. The financial data required for this study were extracted from the FnGuide and the TS-2000. With the data, we tested the relationship between CPS and accounting information reliability through a linear regression analysis. Results - The first result showed that the relationship between the CPS and human resource in internal accounting control system in the service industry is significantly negative only with the accounting department personnel. This result implied that the CEO can negatively affect the retention of the accounting department in the firm. Second, both the CPS and quality of audit in the service industry are negatively related both to audit fees and to audit time. Nonetheless, the relationship between the number of the auditor and the CPS is insignificant. This result indicated that the CEO can negatively affect audit fees and audit time of external auditors. The results of the present study suggested that CPS information may have a negative impact on the reliability of accounting information. Conclusion - This study is the first study to examine the reliability of CPS and accounting information for the service industry in terms of human resources in internal accounting control system and audit quality. Therefore, the present study is expected to provide some useful information to economic decision-making of various external parties for service firms.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.503-513
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• 2012

This study aimed at the employment types of the hotel employee into regular workers and contingent workers, and examine the difference between the two on their job involvements and satisfaction. The results are summarized as follows: First, the job involvement of the regular workers is significantly higher than of contingent workers in terms of organized issue in work place. Second, the job satisfaction is compared with two group, regular workers have positive effects on the education and training opportunities than contingent workers. Third, organizational commitment have a good influence on contingent workers than contingent workers according to the job satisfaction. Therefore, the executives in hotel industry make better employment environment with long-range policy and appropriate compensation on their abilities without any distinction of the employment types in hotel industry.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine how consumers think about the company's sustainability management activities and whether the company's perceived sustainability activities affect corporate trust and purchase intention. The results of the verification of the research hypothesis to be verified in this study are as follows. First, it was confirmed that corporate sustainability management is specifically classified into economic, social and environmental activities. Second, it was confirmed that corporate sustainability management activities have a positive effect on the corporate trust perceived by consumers. Specific influence relationships are as follows. Firm economic activity does not have a significant effect on corporate credibility, but social and environmental activities have a positive effect on corporate credibility. Third, it was confirmed that the company's sustainability management activities had a significant effect on consumer's purchase intention. Specific influence relationships are as follows. While economic and social activities of firms have a positive effect on consumers' purchase intentions, environmental activities have not been shown to have a significant impact. Fourth, it was confirmed that corporate trust perceived by consumers had a positive effect on purchase intention. It is judged that the results of this analysis are presented to corporate managers. In the process of establishing a company's management strategy, it is to confirm that the efforts of sustainable management activities are activities that substantially help the company's stable growth and development.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.537-547
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• 2017

This study attempted to determine differences between the perceived empowerment level and job satisfaction depending on hairdressers' demographic characteristics and analyze the effects of their empowerment on job satisfaction. For this, a total of 310 hairdressers in Gwangju-Jeonnam and Seoul-Gyeonggi-do were chosen through convenience sampling, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted. The valid 277 copies were used for final analysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 15.0. The study results found the following: First, in terms of the subordinate factors of empowerment, the following four factors were found: meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact. Second, depending on demographic characteristics (e.g., age, career, type of beauty salon, job title, punch-in time, monthly pay), a statistically significant difference was found between empowerment and job satisfaction (p<.01). Third, hairdressers' perceived empowerment level had a positive impact on job satisfaction (p<.01). In terms of the empowerment on job satisfaction by sub-factor, 'self-determination' was largest, followed by 'meaningfulness' and 'competence.' Therefore, beauty salon owners need to manage their business more efficiently by converging cosmetology and business management by expanding empowerment among hairdressers properly after recognizing the importance of hairdresser empowerment.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.107-128
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between gymnasium selection and training adherence of security martial arts trainees. To this aim, this study selected 8 gymnasiums in Gyounggi and Incheon province and sampled 220 people above the fourth grade in elementary school. Out of these, 14 cases were dropped due to insufficient answers or incomplete answers, and 206 qualified cases were finally adopted for this study. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and frequency analysis, MANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant differences in gymnasium selection factors(instructor background, training program, public relations) depending upon the trainee's sex. Second, there were significant differences in gymnasium selection factors(training program, main others, public relations) depending upon the trainee's school grade. Third, there were no significant differences in training adherence factors depending upon the trainee's sex and school grade. Fourth, there were positive correlations between instructor background, training program and public relations-factors among gymnasium selection and management program, external and social relations-factors among training adherence. Fifth, the partial sub-factors of gymnasium selection have influenced training adherence. Consequently, security martial arts managers and instructors need to establish marketing strategies suitable for sex and school grade to recruit new security martial arts trainees. It may be considered that security martial arts instructors should construct the differentiated management system for trainees and the specialized training program for lasting training of new or existing security martial arts trainees.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.113-126
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• 2022

In Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(SMEs) compared to major, competence of CEO relatively has a large impact on management performance, so the biggest factor to strengthen the competitiveness is the competence of CEO. Meanwhile, a consultant is defined as a subject of execution that directly and indirectly participates in management by inducing objective and rational decision-making on various management issues and problems facing companies. The management expertise, problem-solving skills, communication skills, insights, and leadership that a consultant must have in order to perform his or her duties are the same as the role and capabilities that the CEO must have in enhancing the company's performance and competitiveness. Therefore, through previous studies, this study divided consultant competences of CEO into job competence, communication competence, learning competence, and innovation competence and tried to understand whether those competences affect corporate's innovation performance and management performance. The survey was conducted on SMEs and the analysis techniques were reliability and validity analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation analysis. As a result, it was found that the CEO's job competence, communication competence, learning competence, and innovation competence had a significant effect on innovation performance of the company, and second, innovation performance had a significant effect on the management performance. Through, this study derived a common factor of consultant competences of SMEs CEO, and derived implications for the competence characteristics of the CEO necessary to improve the performance of SMEs.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 2023

With the diffusion of digital innovation, the adoption of innovative medical technologies based on artificial intelligence is increasing in the medical field. This is driving the launch and adoption of AI-based SaMD(Software as a Medical Device), but there is a lack of research on the factors that influence the adoption of SaMD by medical institutions. The purpose of this study is to identify key factors that influence medical institutions' decisions to adopt AI-based SaMDs, and to analyze the weights and priorities of these factors. For this purpose, we conducted Delphi surveys based on the results of literature studies on technology acceptance models in healthcare industry, medical AI and SaMD, and developed a research model by combining HOTE(Human, Organization, Technology and Environment) framework and HABIO(Holistic Approach {Business, Information, Organizational}) framework. Based on the research model with 5 main criteria and 22 sub-criteria, we conducted an AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis among the experts from domestic medical institutions and SaMD providers to empirically analyze SaMD adoption factors. The results of this study showed that the priority of the main criteria for determining the adoption of AI-based SaMD was in the order of technical factors, economic factors, human factors, organizational factors, and environmental factors. The priority of sub-criteria was in the order of reliability, cost reduction, medical staff's acceptance, safety, top management's support, security, and licensing & regulatory levels. Specifically, technical factors such as reliability, safety, and security were found to be the most important factors for SaMD adoption. In addition, the comparisons and analyses of the weights and priorities of each group showed that the weights and priorities of SaMD adoption factors varied by type of institution, type of medical institution, and type of job in the medical institution.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.934-947
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze products for good taste and convenience, which become an engine to constantly create customers. In addition, this study is aimed at investigating the relationship between the selective attributes of Home Meal Replacement, the perceived utilitarian value, and the repurchase intention, and drawing new suggestions on the Home Meal Replacement market from a new marketing perspective. Based on a total of 215 samples, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 5 hypothesized using the Amos program. The result of study modeling was GFI=0.905, AGFI=0.849, NFI=0.889, CFI=0.945, and RMR=0.0.092 at the level of $x^2$=230.22 (df=126, p<0.001). First, the food quality (${\beta}$=0.221), convenience (${\beta}$=0.334), packing (${\beta}$=0.278), and employee service (${\beta}$=0.204) of home meal replacement consideration attributes had a positive (+) influence on perceived utilitarian value. Second, perceived utilitarian value (${\beta}$=0.584) had a positive (+) influence on repurchase intention. The factors to differentiate one company from other competitors in terms of the utilitarian value are the quality of food, convenience, wrapping, and services by employees. This study has illustrated the need to focus on the development of a premium menu to compete with other companies and to continue to research and develop nutritious foods that are easy to cook. Moreover, the key factors to have a distinct and constant competitive edge over other companies are the alleviation of consumer anxiety over wrapping container materials, the development of more designs, and the accumulation of service know-how. Therefore, it is necessary for a company to strongly develop the key factors based on its resources as a core capability.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate the determinants of product design and analyze the impacts of product design on quality competitiveness, product reliability, and consumer satisfaction in an attempt to provide a foundation for the theory of design management. For this empirical analysis, this study has derived the relevant measurement variables from a survey on 400 Korean manufacturing firms during the period of $August{\sim}October$ 2003. The empirical findings are summarized as follows: First, the determinants of product design are very significantly (at p<0.001) estimated to be the R&D capability, the level of R&D expenditure, the level of innovative activities(5S, TQM, 6Sigma, QC, etc.). This empirical result can support Pawar and Driva(1999)'s two principles by which the performance of product design and product development can be simultaneously evaluated in the context of CE(concurrent engineering) of NPD(newly product development) activities. Second, the hypothesis on the causality: product design${\rightarrow}$quality competitiveness${\rightarrow}$customer satisfaction${\rightarrow}$customer loyalty is very significantly (at p<0.001) accepted. This implies that product design positively affects consumer satisfaction, not directly but indirectly, by influencing quality competitiveness. This empirical result of this study can also support the studies of for example Flynn et al.(1994), Ahire et at.(1996), Afire and Dreyfus(2000) which conclude that design management is a significant determinant of product quality. The aforementioned empirical results are important in the following sense: the empirical result that quality competitiveness plays a bridging role between product design and consumer satisfaction can reconcile the traditional debate between QFD(quality function development) approach asserted by product developers and conjoint analysis maintained by marketers. The first empirical result is related to QFD approach whereas the second empirical result is related to conjoint analysis. At the same time, the empirical results of this study can support the rationale of design integration(DI) of Ettlie(1997), i.e., the coordination of the timing and substance of product development activities performed by the various disciplines and organizational functions of a product's life cycle. Finally, the policy implication (at the corporate level) from the empirical results is that successful design management(DM) requires not only the support of top management but also the removal of communication barriers, (i.e. the adoption of cross-functional teams) so that concurrent engineering(CE), the simultaneous development of product and process designs can assure product development speed, design quality, and market success.