• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1546-1552
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• 1993

We proposed an adaptive block truncation coding(BTC) using gradient and a new initial value. We used gradient of sobel operator as a new category classification coefficient to reduce Jagged appearance at edge part. We defined a new initial value to reduce large quantization error in the 4-level quantizer block including edge part. By computer simulations, we showed that the proposed method less computation load, reduced jagged appearance at edge part, also improved PSNR more than the conventional adaptive BTC.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2582-2584
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• 2003

역전파 신경망 (BPNN)은 반도체 공정 모델링에 효과적으로 응용되고 있다. 뉴런의 활성화 함수는 동일한 값을 가지며, 이로 인해 예측정확도를 증진하는 데에는 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 난수발생기(Random generator-RG)를 이용하여 뉴런 경사들이 다중값을 가지도록 최적화하였다. 본 기법은 은닉충의 뉴런수의 함수로 고찰하였으며, 종래의 고정된 경사를 갖는 모델과 그 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 평가에 이용된 데이터는 플라즈마 식각 공정데이터이며, 모델에 이용된 응답은 식각률과 프로파일 각이다. 비교결과 종래의 모델에 비해 예측정확도가, 식각률의 경우 19%-43%, 프로파일의 경우 10%-56% 정도 향상하였으며, 이는 제안된 기법이 모델개발에 매우 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2018

Due to the environmental factors of the sea, ship accidents always contain an inclination angle. The change in the ship affects not only the evacuation speed of passengers but also the fire growth in the ship. For this reason, when analyzing the fire, it is necessary to analyze the risks by considering conditions of inclination. In this study, the temperature that affects the fire was calculated by alteration of ship's heel and trim angle and analyzed using FLUENT. Based on fire occurrence position, evacuation should be done within 37 seconds under the condition of $-10^{\circ}$ heeling angle and 36 seconds under the condition of $-10^{\circ}$ trim angle. However, it was predicted that the evacuation will not be affected under the conditions of $+10^{\circ}$ heel angle and $+10^{\circ}$ trim angle. For these reasons, it is confirmed that when the ship is on fire, evacuation measures should be considered based on the heel and trim conditions as per the location of the fire.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.187-192
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• 2011

Tilt angle of r-plane wafer is a one of the important factors related with the quality of the GaN epi, so the fine control of the tilt angle is important for the growing of high quality non-polar a-GaN epi. We prepared the R-plane sapphire wafers with slight tilt angles for nonpolar a-plane GaN. The target tilt angles of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ were 0, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.4, $-0.6^{\circ}$ and -0.1, 0, $0.1^{\circ}$, respectively. The tilt angles of sliced R-plane sapphire wafers were measured by x-ray and the statistical evaluation of reliability of tilt angles of wafers were performed. The tolerance of the tilt angle was ${\pm}0.03^{\circ}$. R-plane sapphire wafers have relatively large distributions of BOW and TTV data than c-plane sapphire wafers due to the large anisotropy of R-plane. As the tilt angle ${\alpha}$ was increased from -0.1 to $-0.6^{\circ}$, the step widths and heights were decreased from 156 nm to 26 nm and 0.4 nm to 0.2 nm, respectively. The growth and qualities of GaN epi seems to be largely affected by the change of step structure of R-plane sapphire wafers with tilt angle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2022

강수 및 침투 등으로 발생하는 지하수위의 변동을 예측하는 것은 지하수 자원의 활용 및 관리에 필수적이다. 지하수위의 변동은 지하수 자원의 활용 및 관리뿐만이 아닌 홍수 발생과 지반의 응력상태 등에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 정확한 예측이 필요하다. 본 연구는 인공신경망 중 다층퍼셉트론(Multi Layer Perceptron, MLP)을 이용한 지하수위 예측성능 향상을 위해 MLP의 구조 중 Optimizer를 개량하였다. MLP는 입력자료와 출력자료간 최적의 상관관계(가중치 및 편향)를 찾는 Optimizer와 출력되는 값을 결정하는 활성화 함수의 연산을 반복하여 학습한다. 특히 Optimizer는 신경망의 출력값과 관측값의 오차가 최소가 되는 상관관계를 찾는 연산자로써 MLP의 학습 및 예측성능에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 기존의 Optimizer는 경사하강법(Gradient Descent, GD)을 기반으로 하는 Optimizer를 사용했다. 하지만 기존의 Optimizer는 미분을 이용하여 상관관계를 찾기 때문에 지역탐색 위주로 진행되며 기존에 생성된 상관관계를 저장하는 구조가 없어 지역 최적해로 수렴할 가능성이 있다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 Optimizer의 단점을 개선하기 위해 지역탐색과 전역탐색을 동시에 고려할 수 있으며 기존의 해를 저장하는 구조가 있는 메타휴리스틱 최적화 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 메타휴리스틱 최적화 알고리즘 중 구조가 간단한 화음탐색법(Harmony Search, HS)과 GD의 결합모형(HS-GD)을 MLP의 Optimizer로 사용하여 기존 Optimizer의 단점을 개선하였다. HS-GD를 이용한 MLP의 성능검토를 위해 이천시 지하수위 예측을 실시하였으며 예측 결과를 기존의 Optimizer를 이용한 MLP 및 HS를 이용한 MLP의 예측결과와 비교하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2008

Wave force is an important factor which gives a direct affect to stability of the rubble mound breakwater. Particularly wave force has been considered as the main cause of displacement for replaced rubble mound breakwater which permits a little displacement to some degree. But the effect on displacement by wave force has not been considered and reflected in design. Therefore in this study, we compared numerical analysis displacement with field measured displacement so that the effect of wave force on displacement can be reflected in design. Result of the numerical analysis displacement was well consistent with field measured displacement data.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.363-369
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• 2012

Shear tests parallel to the grain were conducted on domestic wood samples with different growth ring orientations. Shear strength was dependent on the angles between the direction of growth ring orientation and the applied force. The maximum shear strength showed at the intermediate growth ring orientations. Results of shear tests were also used to modify the formula which had previously been developed to predict the withdrawal strength of screw on the face of lumber. Predicted equations were fitted to the results of previous study with different length of No. 8 screw. Predicted equation was under-predicted the withdrawal strength of 25 and 30 mm length of screw within 8% and over-predicted withdrawal strength of 18 and 38 mm length of screw. A little differences between the predicted by shear strength with different growth ring orientation and observed values was existed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.340-344
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 도로 빗물받이의 차집효율을 분석하기 위하여 측구 부분을 대상으로 수리모형을 제작하여 실험을 실시하고, 실측된 결과를 FHWA의 범용프로그램인 Visual Urban 모형의 해석결과와 비교하여 이 모형의 국내 적용성을 분석하였다. 실험에는 국내 표준규격인 40x50cm의 쇠살대 유입구(grater inlet)를 사용하였으며, 측구의 유량은 도로의 차선 및 빗물받이의 간격을 고려하여 $4\~13{\ell}/sec$를 선택하였다. 도로의 종경사는 $2,\;4,\;6\%$를 선택하고, 측구의 횡경사는 $4,\;6,\;8\%$를 선택하여, 총 36회의 실험을 실시하였다. Visual Urban 모형을 적용하여 모의한 결과와 실측값을 비교한 결과 종$\cdot$횡경사가 작은 경우에는 오차의 범위가 $6\%$정도였으며 종경사 $4\%$, 횡경사 $8\%$이상이면 비교적 일치하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1997

The precise leveling is one of the important means of investigating fluctuation of earth's crust and foreknowing earthquake. This paper aims to study refraction errors developed in the inclined leveling route. Based on Kukkamaki's theory and data of weather, the author devised an experiment to test how Kukkimaki's corrections improved the discrepancy between fore and back sight leveling in actual slope. Additionally, through the repeated observation between fore and back sight leveling at one fixed station in the slope(2/100-4/100) and the experimental tests of continuous inclined leveling route, the author studied the effects and charcteristics of refraction. Especially, in inclined leveling(2/100-4/100), the distance of line of sight is ideally to be 25-30 m to minimize refraction errors. From the results of experimental tests of continuous inclined leveling route, the values of calculation by Kukkimaki's corrections were found to be nearly in accord with the values of observation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5B
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• pp.295-300
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• 2012

Reflection coefficients of wave due to the types of a submerged breakwater on the inclined incident wave are numerically computed by using boundary element method. The analysis method is based on the wave pressure function with the continuity in the analytical region including fluid and structures. When compared with the existing results on the inclined incident wave, the results of this study show good agreement. It is found that both maximum and minimum values of the reflection coefficient are appeared frequently, as the width of a submerged breakwater becomes wider, and the reflection coefficient increase, as the wave period is longer. In addition, the effect on the reflection coefficient due to the change of submerged breakwater hight is lager than that due to the change of submerged breakwater width. The results indicate that dissipating characteristics of wave due to the types of a submerged breakwater own high dependability regarding the change of inclined incident waves. Therefore, the results of this study is estimated to be applied as an accurate numerical analysis referring to inclined incident waves in real sea.