• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3974-3981
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• 2010

Coastal landscape is a collective setting of artificial or natural elements along the seaside. The approach method for the coastal landscape formation is different from that of urban landscape formation. This study analyzes the mechanism of coastal landscape formation process in Japan in the aspects of recognition phase, formation phase, and practice phase. The characteristics of coastal landscape formation process in Japan are construction of a survey system for integrating diverse landscape elements as a final coastal landscape, construction of a coherent evaluation system responding the local natural and spatial characters, and building a cooperative system responding the police of coastal landscape formation. This study suggest the implications both for the improvement of domestic local values and for the ways of the domestic coastal landscape formation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

Many-sided approach methods are being demanded to solve environmental problems in urban areas. One of these methods will be to manage forests scattered in urban areas efficiently. This paper is to grasp the change of land use and landscape indices in Mt. Ap, Daegu, and to analyze the change of landscape structure. Mt. Ap is near Daegu Metropolitan, so under unnatural interferences of human activity persistently. The results of above analysis run as follows: First, the north of the case area is connected to forest, and keeps stable equilibrium ecologically, while the other parts of it suffer from rural exodus and side effects of urbanization which has been completed since 1980. Second, according to the area-rate change of each landscape element, a cultivated areas has been converted into urban one, especially Pinus densiflora forests and paddy fields into mixed forests and urban areas. Finally, most of plantations have been converted into deciduous forests and mixed forests in failure of adaption of plants in burned areas rather than owing to factitious interference.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2019

This study is based on the analysis of the characteristics of waterfront scenery. Recently, waterfront development has expanded residentially, commercially and into leisure space. In the development of the waterfront, it is necessary to apply designs suitable for urban and various other waterfront areas. In this study, the natural scenery of the waterfront was researched with respect to the Korean Jingyeong landscape paintings and the main elements of the scenery were analyzed. In this study, 105 painting of Korean Jingyeong landscapes paintings were selected for the analysis of the waterside scenery. The paintings of Jeong Seon were studied to categorize streams topographically into mountainous, upper, middle, lower, and ocean types. In addition, major micro-topography elements, which are 13 water image elements and 13 staffage elements were analyzed. The main waterfront landscape elements are divided into 13 types. The waterfalls were divided into long waterfalls, short waterfalls, cascading waterfalls, and other aspects considered were line stream, curve stream, multi-curve stream, pond, water surface, flow surface, wave surface, rock side, pile sandy side, sandy side. There are 13 kinds of staffage elements, include pine forest, pine trees, fir trees, bamboo trees, willow trees, broadleaf tree, villages, houses, gazebo, boat, bridges, and people. The waterfront landscape by a river area was explained according to each characteristic of the waterfront landscape and staffage, and their changes were analyzed in each area. The 105 paintings were divided into 35 pieces of mountainous streams, 9 upper streams, 5 middle streams, 35 lower streams, and 21 oceans, and the change of each waterfront landscape and staffage was analyzed. Based on the topographical analysis of the waterfront landscape and staffage, the results can be summarized into 5 types of the waterfront landscape. Based on the micro-topographical characteristics of the waterfront landscape styles are as follow. In the mountainous streams, long waterfall and deep forest type are apparent, which depicts deep mountain waterfall scenery, and a multi-stream forest is the scenery of a picnic in the mountains, which is a representative form of mountainous streams landscape. In the upper-middle stream, the water-surface and gazebo type is predominant. In the lower stream, the sandy-gazebo typ scenery is predominant and the sandy depiction is unique to lower stream landscape. Pile sandy-dock type is life scenes where human activity highlighted, is a representative form of the lower stream landscapes. The characteristic of the coastal landscape is the serpentine rock scenery on the beach and the wave-serpentine rock type that forms the main coastal landscape. The study aims to propose significant design elements for a natural waterfront landscape planning based on the analysis of landscape in the paintings of Jeong Seon.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

If environmental aesthetics contains the whole area of grand beauty of nature and the meaning of the urban landscape, the urban landscape is defined 'fine view of urban, or beautiful sight' therefore, we must look for the wary to introduce and solve the aesthetic problem with a new paradym of the urban landscape. Such environmental aesthetics as to seek a new planning for the urban landscape can provide a new meaning for urban environment design by extracting design elements of street furniture resulted form aesthetic evaluation in context of formation aesthetics to review the aesthetic value and substance, and explain aesthetic experience, and explain aesthetic experience of urban the landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2003

본 연구는 건축고도제한에 의해 생태학적 조경설계는 어떻게 통제되며, 또한 생태학적 조경 설계가 무엇인가를 구명하는 것이다. 따라서 두 가지 다른 단지를 비교하여 건축물 스카이라인이 주변경관과 조화로운 심미적 설계를 가능하게 하는 영향에 관하여 고찰할 수 있다. 이 비교를 통하여 스카이라인 통제가 아파트단지 계획과 설계에서 생태학적 조경설계에 영향을 주는가를 검증하게 될 것이며, 스카이라인이 통제된 아파트단지가 조경시설 설계에 있어서 전체적, 역동적, 반응적, 직관적 접근을 할 때 상대적으로 우선성을 표출할 수 있을 것이다. 아파트단지 계획·설계에 있어 건물고도제한이 적절하게 검토되어 스카이라인의 통제를 더 강하게 할수록 아파트단지에서 만들어진 조경환경의 특성이 강조되고 강화한 경관이 더 조화롭게 된다는 점에서 경관에 유용하고 편익이 있다. 생태학적 조경설계의 평가사항은 자기 지속적, 자연적·문화적 정체성, 개연적 외관, 생태학적 접근으로 이뤄진다는 전제 아래 세부사항 18개 항목을 표출하였다. 또한 스카이라인 통제는 자연적 경관을 보전하고 수목이 단지의 안팎으로 자연스럽게 펼쳐지는 녹지 네트워크와 야생 동물 코리도를 획득하기 위하여 독특한 경관을 설계하고 개성적인 것으로 도출하여 조화로운 심미성을 이룩하는데 유용하다는 것을 계량적으로 표출하였다. 아파트단지의 경관에서 의미 있는 것은 다양한 접근으로 설계되고 건물 스카이라인 통제방법을 강화함으로써 관리되는 스카이라인의 실루엣이 다양하고 개성적 형태를 표출한다는 것을 보여준다. 결과적으로 스카이라인의 영향과 생태학적 조경설계가 계량적 요소에 의해 상대적으로 비교될 수 있으며, 생태학적 조경설계의 평가시설지표는 보다 세분화됨으로써 전체적인 설계요소의 강도에 영향을 줄 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 2012

This paper proposes a management method for a coastal black pine forest landscape considering the parallax effect. For the study, 10 coastal black pine forests in Gangneung were investigated about the average width of the coastal forests, the average diameters, and the intervals of the pines. Categorizations were realized for the 3 types of scene(sea, field, mountain, residential area, commercial area), diameter(16cm, 22cm, 28cm) and interval(5m, 7m, 10m) to produce a total of 45 scenic simulations. An investigation was made on the scenic preferences using 45 simulation images with S.D, and Likert Scales. The results were as follows: According the comparison of scenic preferences, natural landscapes(sea, field, and mountain) ranked high among preferences, with fabricated landscapes(residential area, commercial area) ranked low. The highest scenic preferences were shown with the seascape and an interval of 7m between the trees. On the contrary, the interrelationship was very low between the visual quantity of the scenic's elements(green, sky, building, road etc.) and the scenic preferences. As the results of the factor analysis, the 3 sense factors of "Depth(78.0%)" "Diversity(l5.6%)" and "Spatiality(6.4%)" explained coastal scenic preferences. "Spatiality" showed significant differences at intervals of 5~7m, and 10m between trees. This shows coastal forest management based on the interval of 10m standard affecting scenic preference.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.237-249
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• 2023

This study was carried to establish a new landscape-oriented gardening model based on climate, vegetation, and forest landscape characteristics. In addition, innovative forest garden models were suggested through an integrated approach to the ecological characteristics of forest vegetation communities and existing garden planting types. For the study, the key landscape elements that make up the main forest vegetation community were identified. And the vertical layers and horizontal distribution patterns of the community structure were typified by diagnostic species and their growth forms & habits such as dominant species, character species, and differential species, and degree of dominance-sociability. Based on this, a standardized vegetation structure and formation was developed by stratifying the landscape into main features, minor features, and detailed features according to visual dominant elements. Also, the applicability of the forest garden model was examined by applying the concept of borrowing landscape to representative deciduous broadleaf forests in the temperate northern region of Korea. Additionally, an integrated forest garden models based on the conceptual definition and typology of forest gardens, and a strategic approach to forest vegetation were proposed

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

The studies of Korean traditional gardens have been a lot of diachronic approaches through ancient documents and on-site investigation. Previous research has focused on the characteristics that are inherent symbolism of the traditional landscape space, such as site characteristics. There are many studies for inner gardens, outer gardens and other influential ranges of gardens of the location characteristics. However, studies on the scale of external gardens were not satisfactory from a quantitative perspective. Unlike private life sphere, quantitative analysis was conducted on the role of a sphere of public community life for outer gardens. Visibility analysis was performed through the existing literature and GIS programs to estimate the magnitude of the outer garden. When it was compared with Min G. H.(1982) research, it is almost the same if it is estimated to focus on Buyoung -bong(芙蓉峯) and Ip-am(立巖). Also, as a result of the fractal structure for a variety of symbols in the garden, fractal dimension in landscape elements is relatively concentrated, unlike in other areas. Thus, the external scale can be a means of cultural property protection out of the crucial perspective for the inner garden. There has been consideration of the cooperation with the visual complexity using the concept of fractal structure as one of the elements of landscape analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to identify the spatial foundation units required to execute a rural village landscape plan. Though there have been various previous studies on spatial foundation units for rural space and landscape elements, they are limited in clarifying the landscape identity of a rural village unit in creating a feasible a rural village landscape plan. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the natural spatial features of a rural village and then establish a landscape identity for each space by exploring the landscape elements for each rural village unit set as the basic unit. Accordingly, the basic spatial unit was analyzed through a 1:5000 scale mapping by applying geomancy theory to the spatial landscape unit in a naturally generated rural village. The spatial limitations for a rural village landscape were set based on the analysis. Afterwards, a field study on the feasibility of whether or not setting a space as the basic unit for landscape could have a sense of identity as a single landscape unit for verification was processed, and the spatial limitations for the landscape were adjusted. Moreover, landscape elements were investigated by classifying landscape resources based on rural amenity resources which have been diversely researched in terms of the set spatial boundaries, and the sense of identity for each landscape foundation unit was looked into. While the numerous preceding studies focused on exploring the rural landscape value and findingout the sense of identity on landscape elements, it is high time for feasible and applicable studies in conducting region-specific landscape plans. In particular, similar outcomes from all landscape plans, even those with the same purpose established in various regions, is not a desirable outcome. Therefore, a basic framework is needed to discover the landscape identity generated by each plan in a rural area space. In this sense, this study is significant in that itcan be utilized to establish spatial identity of each region and landscape features of each rural village, and come up with realistic alternatives in landscape plans for each region by exploring the landscape identity in each specific space divided per watershed in a single zone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

As one of the important metropolitan cities in Asia, Seoul shows vibrant atmosphere in the night as well as daytime. Colorful signboards and outdoor lightings are consists of major night elements. In this research, nightscapes of four major streets in Seoul are photographed to analyze the image of Seoul at night. After preparing of slides, questionnaire survey is conducted to study people's subjective responses on the images of streets at night. After survey, SPSS 10.0 statistical program was used to analyze the results of subjective responses on the nightscapes in Seoul. According to the result, night streetscape 4(showing and business district)shows vibrant and interesting image. Meanwhile, streetscape 1(high-rise with exterior lighting in showing district)shows beautiful and harmonious image. Major factor's are named as 'harmonious' and 'vibrant'. Variable 'arranged' shows the highest coefficient to the variable 'harmonious'. Every variables except the variable 'warm' shows significant difference among the mean values of each variables.