• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 1999

To find out proper harvest time and to select a variety having high yield and good quality, growth characteristics and contents of rosmarinic acid and essential oil were investigated according to harvest time of Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze collected in Korea. Only the number of flower cluster per plant among growth characteristics of 7 collections showed not significant difference. The range of dry matter weight of above-ground part used as crude drug was $666{\sim} 1328kg/10a$ and the weight of flower cluster and root was not significant among the plant parts of collections. Dry matter weight of top was the highest on Sep. 20, full-bloom stage. Rosmarinic acid contents among in 7 collections showed significant difference and the range were $0.32{\sim}2.34%$ in flower, $0.97{\sim}1.64%$ in leaf, $0.03{\sim}0.21%$ in stem and $0.91{\sim}6.56%$ in root. The contents of rosmarinic acid and essential oil in leaf was 3.76%, 5.78% before flowering and 1.55%, 4.28% after flowering respectively. The total content of rosmarinic acid of all plant parts was decreased after flowering but that of essential oil was increased after flowering.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 2008

This study observed and compared phenological changes in the spring for some native woody plants growing at Mt. Jumbong and Mt. Bongeui located at central districts of our country, and also inquired into the phenological difference subsequent to microclimate change by measuring its related environment factors as well. The average air temperature at a survey point of Mt. Jumbong from January to May in 2004 was $4.1^{\circ}C$ lower than that of Mt. Bongeui. As for the soil temperature in April by a survey section within Mt. Jumbong, the soil temperature on the west and northwest slopes was $1.8^{\circ}C$ and $4.4^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the south slope, respectively. It was found that the earliest tree species in a flowering period was Lindera obtusiloba among the sample woody plants and its flowering began in late March at Mt. Bongeui and in early April at Mt. Jumbong. The flowering of the same species began faster on the south slope than the west or north slope; in case of the tree species flowering in early spring, there appeared about two-week interval between the survey sites. Likewise, leafing time of the same species was two weeks earlier at Mt. Bongeui(in mid-April) than at Mt. Jumbong(in early May). Nuttonson's Index and Year Day Index for the flowering and leafing time of the same species showed similar value between the survey sites. It is analyzed that the transition in phenological phases between the sites is mainly caused by temperatures; further, it is implied that the climate changes and rise in temperatures could expedite the changes in phenological phases more than ever.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.257-265
• /
• 2010

The objective of study was carried out to investigate the proper nutrient nitrogen concentration and irrigation period for increasing plant growth and flowering in Ardisia pusilla. Nutrient nitrogen concentrations were 120, 150, 180 and $210\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and they were based on the Sonneveld solution. Irrigation periods were divided into ED (except dormancy) and TG (total growth) according to plant age. The results of plant age and irrigation period, growth of 1 year-old plant was promoted by nitrogen concentration above $150\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ regardless of irrigation period. And plant growth values of 2 years-old in TG treatments were higher than ED treatments, especially TG-180 treatment was best of all. The contents of total nitrogen of leaves after flowering were increased with nutrient nitrogen strength. And the contents of potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphate slightly were decreased or were no significant differences. Plant growth and flowering decreased when nitrogen concentration was over $210\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Therefore, TG-150 and TG-180 were supposed to be appropriate treatment for plant growth and flowering of 1year-old plant and 2 years old plant, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 1963

10 of Korean domestic recommended varieties(all of them are determinate type) and 10 of introduced varieties from U.S.A.(All of them are indeterminate type) are grown in replicated field in order to clarify the varietal differences in the days from planting to blooming to ripening. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Domestic varieties showed remarkable shortday sensibility for the days from planting to blooming. The difference in sensibility between domestic and introduced was significant while within the domestic group the differences were not significant. 2. The days from planting to blooming were linearly shortened in accordance with the delayed planting from the late April through the late June. 3. Annual variation in days from planting to blooming was not noticeable in the domestic varieties while the introduced ones showed remarkably. 4. The days from blooming to ripening were significantly shortened for the introduced varieties but not significantly for the domestic varieties accordingly with the delayed planting. The mean shortest days of domestic varieties were longer than the mean shortest days of introduced varieties. 5. The days from planting to blooming was shortest when a variety was grown during early August through middle September (with 12.5~13.5 hrs day length and 22~$27^{\circ}C$ temperature), and the days from blooming to ripening were also shortest when a variety was matured within same duration. These were true for the varieties of both groups.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.427-435
• /
• 1984

Alfalfa field was established to investigate seasonal changes of nodule activity and contents of carbohydrates, and nitrogen, and also to examine their relationships in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Periodical sampling of alfalfa in cutting and uncutting plots was collected to measure growth of plants, development and activity of nodule, and content of carbohydrates and nitrogen in the third year following year of establishment. Nodule activity of alfalfa root appeared to early April, increased to a maximum in beginning of June (flowering stage), and then decreased and generally remained low from late-July to mid-August, and again increased from early September, and then decreased and generally remained low for the rest of growing season. After flowering, nodule weight tended to decrease slowly throughout the growing season. Until flowering stage, increase of dry weight was closely related with that of nodule activity. But after flowering the curve pattern of dry weight did not fit to that of nodule activity due to decrease of supply of assimilate to nodule, drought, and high temperature. Total nonstructural carbohydrates in roots were closely correlated with nodule weight and nodule activity. While, nitrogen contents in leaves were closely correlated with nodule weight and nodule activity. Also cutting on July prevented unnessesary losses of respiration during summer to provide rapid recovery of nodule activity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.600-607
• /
• 1995

Orostachys japonicus, called Wasong and used as anti-tumor medicinal plant, was cultivated in plastic house. The experiment was done to clarify the effect of long-day and night-break treatment at the timing of bolting on its morphological characters, organ dry weight and flowering of florets. After grown in 15cm plastic boxes containing 2:1 soil:peat moss mixture for about 4 months, long-day of 16 hours and night-break of 2 hours around midnight were treated from Sept. 9. The plants were sampled 5 times at 2-week interval after the treatments. Long-day and night-break treatment delayed the growth of inflorescence and showed greater stem diameter on the last sampling and no. of leaves and bracts than the natural daylength. The treatments also had greater leaf and bract dry weight since 2 weeks, and the other fraction and total dry weights since 4 weeks but less floret dry weight from 4 to 6 weeks after the treatments than the natural daylength. The treatments, however, decreased no. of flowered florets and ratio of flowering plants although all the treatments showed nearly the same no. of total florets per plant until 6 weeks after the treatments, late October, which resulted in the modification of source to sink or vice versa. In the natural daylength, the florets were functioned as sink, while root, leaf and bract as source, but in the long-day and night-break treatments stem and florets were done as sink.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 1979

Transparent vinyl-mulching cultivation plots heavy-fertilized (6-14-20 kg $10a^{-1}\; of\; N-P_2O_5-K_2O)$ in growing peanuts produced 315-344Kg $10a^{-1}$ of quality kernels through improvement of the low temperature conditions of underground environment during the early growing stage and kernel-filling stage. The yields of which were 82-99 percent higher than that of conventional cultivation plot. The vinyl-mulching cultivation techniques accelerated emergence, young seedling growth, flowering, pod bearing and kernel filling of peanuts in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.70-74
• /
• 2008

To determine an optimum harvest time for chinese milk vetch (CMV) seed production, the seeds were harvested at 4 times, according to 25, 30, 35, and 40 day after flowering (DAF), in Miryang, southern part of Korea. CMV plants were manually harvested at each time and seed threshing was done by rice threshing machine. Seed yield, 1,000-seed weight, germinability, and hard coat ratio were investigated. Seed yield was the highest, 53.9 kg/300 kg by dry weight (DW) of CMV plant, at 35 DAF. 1,000-seed weight increased according to seed harvest time from 25 DAF to 40 DAF when it was 3.10 g. The germination ratios of seeds harvested at 4 times were not significantly different when the seeds stored until August 1. In case of long period of CMV seeds stored, the seeds harvested later showed higher germination rate. On the other hand, because the hard coat ratio causing germination inhibition was declined with an increase of storage period, it was higher in the seeds harvested later. There was no difference among the seeds harvested at 4 times at October 1. In conclusion, it was presumed that an optimum harvest time for CMV seed production should be at 35 DAF considering seed yield, weight and germinability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2011

This experiment was carried out to provide some information on the change of dry matter productivity and feed value (forage quality) according to growth stages of late-maturing variety, Hwasan 101, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon from 2000 to 2002. In Suwon, booting, first heading, full heading and flowering stages of cv. Hwasan 101 were May 8, 18, 28 and June 3, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of Hwasan 101 were tendency to be increased by the progress of growth. DM yield in first heading stage increased 50% more than DM 4,818 kg/ha of booting stage, and also DM yield in full heading stage was increased by 26% of DM 7,244 kg/ha of first heading. Crude protein content was decreased gradually by the progress of growth, which were 18.32, 15.12, 12.58 and 12.36% in booting, first heading, full heading and flowing stage, respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents was increased and in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased gradually with progress of growth, but there was no difference between full heading and flowering stages. Considering DM yield and feed value of Italian ryegrass, the suitable cutting times seems between full heading and flowering stage.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of flowering and fruiting in Nelumbo pentapetala 'Yellow Bird'. Lotus rhizomes were planted in pot (70 cm in length and 71 cm in width) on April 18, 2008, and grown under rain shelter condition at a private farm in Muan-gun, Jeonnam. Ninety percent of the lotus plants were bloomed as two flowers per a plant, and the others were one flower. The first flowers were bloomed in the middle or late July, and the second flowers in the early August. Flower stalks were formed between eighth and tenth internodes in the main rhizome. Nelumbo pentapetala 'Yellow Bird' had light yellow flowers, 12 cm in length and 13 cm in width. Lotus plants of 21.4% were not bloomed, resulting from the insufficient securing of internodes in the main rhizome and the blind. We, therefore, concluded that Nelumbo pentapetala 'Yellow Bird' as a ornamental plant should be grown up to 8 in the node number of main rhizome until mid-July.