• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2005

Although high pressure discharge method is widely used for improving soft ground, it has various problems including lack of strength increase and the possibility of water pollution and soil contamination. MJM(Morta Jet Method) uses sand in addition to cement as the injection material. MJM uses triple rods with a built-in nozzle that allows easier discharge of the slime, resulting in higher replacement area ratio and more uniform formation of pillar hydrates, and thus results in significant increase in strength. MJM is expected to perform especially well as piles in marine clays. This study investigates the field applicability of the MJM through extensive laboratory and field tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.809-814
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• 2009

Deep mixing method has been used for ground improvement and foundation system for embankment, port and harbor foundations, retaining wall, and liquefaction mitigations. It has attractive benefits because it is not only improved strength of soft ground but superior for prevention of settlement. However, the quality controls of improved mass affect to the efficiency of the deep mixing method is not properly established. These effects vary depending upon the construction environments and conditions of agitation in consideration of an agitator. The strength and shape of the improved column are not unique and these are affected by mechanical properties of agitators. In this study, in order to investigate the efficiency of deep mixing method for ground improvement on a soft clay ground, experimental studies are performed considering mechanical properties of agitator; the location of exit-hole of admixtures, an angle of mixing wing and a speed of revolution. The experiments are conducted with the simulated apparatus for deep mixing plant that reduced the scale in 1:8 of the real plant. According to the results, the diameter and shape of improved column mass vary depending on the mechanical properties and operating conditions of agitator. Its quality is better when the exit-hole of admixtures is located in the mixing wing, when an angle of mixing wing is large, and when the speed of revolution is rapid.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Inefficiency of in vivo gene transfer using currently available vectors reflects a major hurdle in cancer gene therapy. Both viral and non-viral approaches have been described to improve gene transfer efficiency but suffer from a number of limitations. Here we tested an adenovirus carrying the small peptide ligand derived from heregulin${\beta}$ EGF-like domain onto fiber, the adenoviral capsid protein, to deliver transgene to ovarian cancer cells which overexpress ErbB, the cognate receptors for heregulin. The attachement of 53 amino acids to fiber didn't affect on the fiber's trimer structure that is critical for the viral entry to cells. The fiber-modified adenovirus can mediate entry and expression of a ${\beta}$-galactosidase into cancer cells in an increased efficiency compared the unmodified adenovirus. Particularly, the gene transfer efficiency was improved up to 5 times in OVCAR3 cells, an ovarian cancer cell line. Such transduction systems hold promise for delivering genes to ErbB receptor overexpressing cancer cells, and could be used for future cancer gene therapy.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

In this study, for the stability analysis of marine embankment, the slope stability analysis and possibility of lateral movement with the marine embankment in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$harbor were carried out. In order to simulate the practical site condition, the expected maximum sea water level and maximum embankment height were assumed for these analyses. For the evaluation of soil properties, field test, laboratory test, and especially chemical composition analysis were performed for the this analysis. Based on these test results, the soil parameters were determined by applying ground improvement concept under columnar stabilized ground condition and also the effect of staged backfilling was considered under the dredged ground condition. For the optimal design, the stability analyses of embankment with changed height and unchanged height were performed under unimproved soil condition. The result showed that both cases were unstable not only with slope stability but also with lateral movement. Therefore, Deep Mortar Piling was applied for stability analysis and this result was safe. As the conclusion, the deep mortar piling method was suggested as reinforced foundation design for this site.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

Stone column is one of the soft ground improvement method, which can enhance ground conditions such as the settlement reduction and the increasement of bearing capacity with applying the crushed stone instead of sand. In recent, general construction material, sand is in short of supply. Therefore, the bearing capacity improvement by the stone column is considered as the alternative method needed in many cases so the bearing capacity estimation is considered as important point. Nevertheless, adequate estimation methods to predict bearing capacity of stone column considering stone column and improvement effect of ground is not yet prepared. For the analysis of above mentioned points, the behavior of stone column were simulated as numerically on various property cases of crushed stone and surrounded ground. Through the numerical analysis of simulation results, the formula for the bearing capacity estimation of stone column was suggested. This formula was verified by comparing the prediction result of in situ test.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.447-450
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• 2010

In this study, the improved large-scale synthetic route for epinastine hydrochloride, the second-generation antihistamine, was developed. The original synthetic route involves the synthesis of an aminomethyl derivative, the main intermediate, and in this process hazardous materials such as very toxic phosgene and sodium cyanide along with the explosive and expensive aluminum chloride and lithium aluminum hydride were used. In order to improve the synthetic route, we developed industrially very useful process to prepare the aminomethyl intermediate by the synthesis of the phthalimidomethyl derivative first and easy removal of the phthalyl group using hydrochloric acid or methyl hydrazine, and hazardous materials and expensive reagents were excluded in this process.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2004

This study was conducted to simple transformants selection by herbicide Basta treatment after transformation with Agrobacteium tumefaciens MP90/PAT in hybrid poplar(Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa No. 3). In preliminary study, we determined that the lethal concentration of herbicide Basta was 1.0mg/L in callus culture, adventitious bud formation and axillary bud elongation experiment. By the treatment of 1.0mg/L Basta, we could be selected the transformed shoots effectively from the various cultures. In addition, the treatment was useful on selection of transformants which are growing in soil pot. Finally, we also confirmed the transformation by PAT assay, Above results show that the herbicide Basta treatment and PAT assay can be a very simple and effective method for the identification of PAT gene transformed hybrid poplar.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.8
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• pp.11-18
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• 1969

식물 생장 조절제로서 phthalamic acid와 그 유도체를 사용하여 추락답을 개량하기 위한 예비 시험을 실시하여 다음과 같을 결과를 얻었다. 1) 아래 7종의 phthalamic acid 및 그 유도체를 합성 또는 정제하여 공시약제로 하였으며 합성품의 수율은 $87-92\%$였다. (표 1) A. Phthalamic acid B. Phthalanilic acid C. N- (o-Chlorophenly)-phthalamic acid D. N-(p-Chlorophenyl)-phthalamic acid E. N- (3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-phthalamic acid F. Sodium-N- (m-tolyl)-phthalamate (Duraset) G. Sodium-N-(1-naphthyl)-phthalamate (Alanap) 2) Wheat straight growth test에서 공시약제는 10ppm 및 20ppm의 농도에서 Control보다 월등한 생장 촉진효과를 보였으며 특히 흥미있는 것은 phthalamic acid 유도체가 phthalamic acid 자체보다 더 좋은 효과를 보였다. (표4, 그림 1) 3) 수도 종자의 발아 시험 결과 초장은 phthalamic acid 유도체가 적시 phthalamic acid 자체보다 좋았으며 기중 Alanap. 3,4-dichlorophenyl phthalamic acid 및 Duraset가 가장 좋았으나 10-100ppm 범위내의 농도에 거의 영향없었다. (표 5) 근의 생육은 일반적으로 약제의 종류에 따라 상이할 뿐 아니라 초장의 생육보다 더욱 약제에 민감하였다. 근장은 phthalamic acid, phthalanilic acid, (p-chlorophenyl)phthalamic acid, 3,4-dichlorophenyl phthalamic acid가 Control 보다 약간 좋은 효과를 보였고, Alanap은 매우 불량하였다. (표 6) 근수는 (p-chlorohhenyl) phthalamic acid만 Control에 비해 우수하였고 나머지 약제는 대체로 근수를 감소시키거나 Control과 비슷한 효과를 보였다. (표 7) 또한 농도가 증가함에 따라 근수는 감소하였으며, Alanap, (o-chlorophenyl) phthalamic acid는 근단에 심한 약해가 일어났다. 4) 전근시험에서 근수는 공시약제에 의하여 증가되었으나 50-200ppm의 농도에서 별 영향이 없었다.(표 8, 그림 2) 근장은 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소되는 영향이었으나 공시약제에는 상이한 효과를 보였다. 5) 이상 결과에서 p-chlorophenyl phthalamic acid 및 3,4-dichlorophenyl phthalamic acid가 수도용 식물생장조절제로서 실용적 개발의 가능성을 보였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

This study was conducted to estimate the Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) using Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) method in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) population. The result is expected to adapt genomic selection onto the national Hanwoo evaluation system. Carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BT), and marbling score (MS) were investigated in 552 Hanwoo progeny-tested steers at Livestock Improvement Main Center. Animals were genotyped with Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777K SNPs). For statistical analysis, Genetic Relationship Matrix (GRM) was formulated on the basis of genotypes and the accuracy of GEBV was estimated with 10-fold Cross-validation method. The accuracies estimated with cross-validation method were between 0.915~0.957. In 534 progeny-tested steers, the maximum difference of GEBV accuracy compared to conventional EBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were 9.56%, 5.78%, 5.78%, and 4.18% respectively. In 3,674 pedigree traced bulls, maximum increased difference of GEBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were increased as 13.54%, 6.50%, 6.50%, and 4.31% respectively. This showed that the implementation of genomic pre-selection for candidate calves to test on meat production traits could improve the genetic gain by increasing accuracy and reducing generation interval in Hanwoo genetic evaluation system to select proven bulls.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

A field survey and experiment was conducted from 1996 to 1998 to develop rational technology for turfgrass vegetation of runway side of Incheon International Airport on the reclaimed tidal land in Young-Jong Island. Backfill of the experimental site was finished on August 1995. The experimental site was 8 ha located in the middle of the construction place for the main parking lot in front of the terminal building construction. The experimental field was drained by main open ditch, and divided three main plots, no subsurface tile drain, subsurface tile drain spacing with 22.5m, and with 45 m, respectively. The 17 sub plots were designed to test the effect of soil covering with red earth loam by 5 cm and 20 cm depth, application of chemical compound fertilizers and livestock manures, dressing of artifical soils and hydrophylic soil conditioners. The tested turfgrasses were three transplanting indigenous turfgrasses, Zoysia koreana, Zoysia sinica and Zoysia japonica, and two hydroseeding mixed exotic turgrasses, cool type I(tall fescue 30%, kentucky blue grass 40%, perenial ryegrass 30%), and cool type II(tall fescue 40%, perenial ryegrass 20%, fine fescue 20%, alkaligrass 20%). The soil backfilled with dredged seasand was sand textured with high salt concentration and low fertility. The soil showed high pH, low organic matter and low available phophate contents. The percolation rate was fast with high hydraulic conductivity. Desalinization was fast after installation of the main open drainage system. No subsurface tile drainage effect was found showing little difference in turfgrass growth. The covering and visual growth of turfgrasses were the best in the 20-cm soil covering with compound fertilizer treatment. The covering and visual growth of turfgrasses were satisfactory in the 5 cm soil covering with compound fertilizer treatment and with livestock manure treatments. The hydrophillic soil conditioner treatments were effective but expensive at present. The coverage and visual quality of turfgrasses were good for Zoysia koreana and Zoysia japonica. The coverages of turfgrasses by the hydroseeding with the mixed exotic turfgrasses were less than transplanting of native turfgrasses. In conclusion, for the runway side vegetation purposes, the subsurface tile drainage might not necessary as main open ditch drainage be sufficient due to fast percolation rate of the backfilled dredged seasand. The 5 cm soil covering with red earth might be sufficient for the runway side, but the 20 cm soil covering might be necessary for the runway side where high density of turfgrass coverage was necessary to protect from the airplance air blow.