• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.239-251
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• 2012

This study aims to seek the policies and the plans for the successful small business start-up through an exploratory study about the factors affecting the success rate of small business start-up. To measure the performance of the start-up business(sales revenue, net profit, and outcome expectancy), the characteristics of founders (experience, psychological characteristics) and the preparation of small business start-up were measured as independent variables and the self-efficacy was measured as a parameter. 427 small business owners were targeted and structured self-administered questionnaires were collected from them. For the data process, a multiple regression analysis by SPSS 18.0 was conducted. The findings demonstrated the experience in the same business, the need for achievement, the risk-taking propensity, the preparation period for business start-up had a significant effect on self-efficacy, and experience of failure and the ratio of net worth had a significant effect on sales revenue and net profit, and the locus of control had a significant effect on outcome expectancy through the self-efficacy, a parameter. It was also noted the self-efficacy of small business owners and the business performance varied depending on the characteristics of them and the preparation process of the business start-up. Based on the those findings, the theoretical and practical implications were discussed and the suggestions about the limits of the study, future policies and studies were made.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 on sandy loam soil under variable fertilizer management; swine slurry and chemical fertilizer. The effect of different fertilizer management and application method on the growth characteristics and yield of rice were determined. The rice was planted to examine the effect of swine slurry on the crop growth. As slurry manure was fertilized, yield of each group of rice was decreased from 3 to $5\%$. In conclusion, basal application of slurry was maintained productivity of rice, but to improve of productivity of rice, the rice should be fertilized with the basal application of animal slurry and supplementary application of chemical fertilizer. The results indicates that application of animal slurry improves quality of rice rather quantity, which means grain yield. Rice quality of the slurry+chemical and the slurry were significantly better than that of the chemical fertilizer. That indicates application of animal slurry could improve rice quality. Application of animal slurry seemingly has potentials for reducing pollution of animal slurry and improving environment of rural area as well as producing high-quality rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1979

The chromosome behavior and it's synapsis in the meiosis of pollen mother cell were studied on Populus alba L. as a female parent tree, Populus glandulosa Uyeki as a male parent tree and their hybrid, Populus alba x glandulosa. 1. At metaphase I, the number of nuclear plates with early separation chromosome were observed with the lowest proportion of 11.0% in Populus glandulosa and with the highest proportion of 13.0% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa. 2. At metaphase II, early separation chromosomes appeared with the frequency of 11.0% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa. But the frequency was not different with those of the parental trees. 3. At anaphase I, lagging chromosomes appeared with some high rate of 11.6% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa and yet the number of chromosome bridges in populus alba x glandulosa almost were not different with the partental trees. 4. At anaphase II, lagging chromosomes appeared with some high frequency of 10.2% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa and the chromosome bridges in Populus glandulosa appeared with the highest frequency in all studied trees. 5. The frequency of abnormal pollen sporad was the highest value of 8.2% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa among the studied trees. With the results, it might be assured that the chromosome segregation and it's synapsis behaved normally in Populus alba, Populus glandulosa and Populus alba x glandulosa, and so all the studied trees could produced normal pollens.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.519-522
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• 2004

'Sanggang' was a new adlay cultivar which was developed from the three way crosses of $(Hukuhane\;{\times}\;Suwon-6)\;{\times}$ Suwon-6 at the Northern Agricultural Research Station, Gyunggido ARES. This cultivar had green sheaf, dark-green leaf, green culm, milky white silk and darkbrown seedcoat. Sanggang shortened 10 days of heading date and 12 days of ripening time compared with Yulmoo 1. In the yield's conponent of Sanggang, the number of grains was by 56 grains less but ripening rate and 1,000 grain weight were higher by 6.5% and 20.1 g compared with Yulmoo 1, respectively. This cultivar showed moderate resistance to leaf blight. The yield of Sanggang was about 313 kg/10a of unpolished grain at ordinary cultivation. This cutivar showed about 17% and 27% higher yield in Yonchon Gyeonggi province and Cheongju Chungbuk province compared with the check variety respectively. This cultivar was adaptable to mono cropping in central and northern region of Korea.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.117-125
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hot water immersion treatment on the control of white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi) in rice seeds. Disease incidence and yield losses induced by white tip nematode were alos investigated in association with resistance of various rice cultivars. The hot water immersion treatment of rice seeds at $61^{\circ}C$ for 10-15 minutes was effective for the control of the white tip nematode. The stem of most Japonica-type cultivars was damaged by white tip nematode. The Tongil-type cultivars, however, were not infected by the nematode at all. Diseas incidence of Japonica-type cultivars, Odaebyeo and Bogkwangbyeo were 95.6% and 81.8%, respectively. The number of nematodes in infected rice seeds of both Japonica-type and Togil-type cultivars was over 100 per 10gr rice seeds. Although Tongil-type cultivars didn't show white tip symptoms, the yield loss was found in many cultivars. The yield was reduced by 40% Japonica-type cultivars, Odaebyeo and Bogkwangbyeo that were infected by white tip nematode. The yield loss in Japonica-type cultivars was more severe than that in Tongil-type cultiveas. The resistance of Youngdege 5 was highest than any other cultivars showing no disease symptoms and yield loss.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2003

For the simple rapid bioassay of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues, a mass-production system of acetycholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7, MAChE) using baculovirus and insect cell culture was constructed. The cDNA for AChE was synthesized from Drosophila melanogaster in Halla Mountain, the lipid anchor tail was removed by PCR and was used for the site-directed mutagenesis of three amino acid residues (E107Y, F368L, L408F). The mutated cDNA was inserted into the baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. Maximum cell growth and enzyme activity were reached when the cells $(2{\times}10^6\;cell/ml)$ were infected four times at four-day-intervals. His-tag containing MAChE was purified using Ni-NTA column and used for characterization. The activity was maintained under various pHs (3-10) and temperatures $(20-50^{\circ}C)$ under experimental conditions. As an extraction solution for pesticides, methanol is more effective than ethanol. Against major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, the MAChE showed better sensitivity than AChE and AChE from housefly (Taiwan).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

High performance shotcrete has been recently researched partly as a result of high consensus on high strength and durability. However, they are very initial step compared from the advanced countries. For instance, they has been mainly on high strength or durability without any consideration on pumpability and shootability which are very crucial on workability. The purpose of this dissertation was to make a high performance wet-mix shotcrete (high workability) which would solve the general problems of wet-mix process in Korea. For this, the main experimental variables were selected to be silica fume(0.0, 4.5, 9%), air entrained agent(0.0, 0.005%). Rheology with IBB rheometer was measured for evaluating pumpability and shootability as well as pump pressure, rebound rate and build-up thickness. The conclusions from a series of experiments were as follow: The results of analyzing the effects of AE agent and silica fume on rheology indicated that AE agent reduced both of flow resistance(G) and torque viscosity(H) and silica fume increased flow resistance (G) and reduced torque viscosity(H). An increase in the value of torque viscosity(H) produces an increase in the requried pumping pressure. These result indicated that the reduction of torque would work better at improving pumpability. And an increase flow resistance(G) improved shootability(increase build-up thickness and reduce rebound).

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2017

In this study, a method to inject small amount of activation agent from the outside of the pipeline to the inside wall of the pipe was newly proposed to enhance pumping efficiency of cementitious materials. The activation agent is injected into the slip-layer, which is generally formed in the vicinity of the inside wall of the pipe during pumping cementitous materials. Through the injections, it is expected to decrease viscosity of slip-layer, namely, the friction between the mateirals and the pipe. The proposed method was verified by lab-scale pumping tests with mortars having water to cement ratio of 47%. The tests were performed with two different type of activation agents(superplasticizer and anionic surfactant) and three different amount of the agents(0.14, 0.28, 0.42% of the mortar volume). The compressive strength were measured with and without injecting the activation agent, and the internal pressures of pipeline were measured. When the anionic surfactant was used, there was no change in the compressive strength. As the amount of anionic surfactant increased, the pumping pressure decreased up to 71.4% at the maximum.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.71-75
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• 1972

To investigate the effects of C. E. P. A(2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) on the ripening of tobacco leaf, the effects on the yield and quality of leaf tobacco, this experiments were carried out during the period of from 1970 to 1971 at tobacco experiment station, Sosa, Korea and 3 locations. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The higher the C. E. P. A concentration was, the more the leaf ripening was accelerated. During the period from 3 to 4 days after treatment, the differences of leaf ripening among levels were prominent. 2. Treatment with C. E. P. A only on the upper surface of the tobacco leaf, accelerated the ripening of that particular part treated, but not apparently the other parts of leaf. 3. Distinctive acceleration of leaf ripening was, obserbed in the fully develope1lower leans, however, the upper leaves were indistinctive. 4. The higher C. E. P. A concentration was, the more the effect of ripening acceleration was. But the yield was reduced over 900ppm because of the low of growth of leaves and the reduced yield was 90% at the 3, 000ppm. So the proper concentration was regarded as 900ppm. 5. In the view point of the days of C. E. P. A ripening acceleration, it was shortened one days at 100 ppm, three days at 300ppm, three days at 450ppm, four days at 900ppm, seven days at 3, 000ppm. 6. In the point of curing process, it was possible that the curing time and fuel was reduced 29% and 45% respectively in the C. E. P. A treatment than the check. 7. Therefore, if it is treated the C. E. P. A at 900ppm in the tobacco cultivation, the quality shall be increased 13.5% and the price shall be increased 12% in the 10 Are. In the point of subsidiary affect, it is possible that the C. E. P. A ripening acceleration is shortened about 7 days at 3, 00ppm and curing time is shortened about 24 hours.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 1982

In 1980, the abnormal low temperature was lasted during the late stage of rice growing season, thus low temperature injury occurred severely. The severity of the injury and nutrition absorption were investigated. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. It was considered that the severe low temperature injury of rice was caused by the low temperature and shorts of sunshine in the late growing season of rice, especially, the minimum air temperature which was lasted for a few days below critical reproductive growing temperature in the meiosis stage affected high the injury. 2. The low tmperature injury was lightened in the no nitrogen applied plot, and becoming severe with high nitrogen levels, but the balanced application of NPK lessened the low temperature injury. 3. The low temperature injury was more severe in Indica and Japonica hybrid than in Japonica cultivar, and the injury was shown as sterilizing, degraded spiklets, ill emerging of head and inhibition of nutrition absorption, etc. 4. Under the low temperature condition, $SiO_2$ content of rice plant was significantly reduced according to the increase of nitrogen levels. 5. Under the low temperature condition, the optimum application amount of nitrogen for Milyang 23, was 13, 6 kg/10a, this was approximately 10kg/10a smaller than average in usual year. The highly reduced rice yield was resulted from the cool injury, and the reducing rate of yield was larger in Indica and Japonica hybrid cultivar than in Japonica cultivar.