• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.470-483
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among the emotional labor, service commitment and customer orientation in hotel service context. Moreover, this study was designed to test the moderating effect of supervisor's emotional intelligence to provide fundamental and practical data for hotel industry. In this study, 4 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. A questionnaire was also developed based on previous studies. A convenience sample of 318 hotel employees was surveyed and a total of 297 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. The results are as follows. Firstly, emotional labor was divided into 'emotional dissonance', 'emotional frequency', 'emotional diversity' and 'emotional intensity' according to the literature review. Analysis showed that emotional labor has partial effects on service commitment accordingly. Secondly, service commitment has positive effect on customer orientation. Thirdly, emotional labor has partial effects on customer orientation. Lastly, supervisor's emotional intelligence has partial moderating effects between emotional labor and customer orientation. Continuous and systematic training should be conducted to administer 'emotional labor'.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.137-163
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of social workers' emotional labor on non-task behaviors. This study characterizes emotional labor as deep acting and surface acting, non-task behavior as organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) and counterproductive work behavior(CWB). And this study also examines the mediating effect of social workers' emotional dissonance in the relationship between surface acting and non-task behavior, and the moderating effect of senior worker's emotional leadership in the relationship between emotional dissonance and non-task behaviors. The results from this study are as follows. Firstly, social workers' deep acting improves their OCB. Secondly, social workers' surface acting has strong effects on their emotional dissonance, and this emotional dissonance hinders their OCB. In addition, the mediating effect of emotional dissonance is also recognized at this point. Thirdly, senior worker's emotional leadership moderates the relationship between social worker's emotional dissonance and OCB in the sense that emotional leadership is expected to reduce the negative effects of emotional dissonance on OCB. However, the influence of emotional labor on CWB has no statistical significance in this study. Based on these results, detailed theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.406-410
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• 2012

최근 기업들의 고객만족은 단발성 고객 유치를 넘어 고객의 기업 충성도를 높이기 위한 '고객 감동 서비스'를 강조하고 있다. 이러한 모토 하에서 많은 기업들은 직원들의 친절 매뉴얼을 만들어 CS(Consumer Service) 근로자들의 서비스 교육을 강화하고 있다. 고객센터에 근무하는 근로자 및 텔레마케터 등으로 대표되는 서비스직 종사자들은 무조건적인 고객을 향한 친절은 물론이고 고객만족을 이끌어 내고 고객을 유치하기 위해 기업들은 근로자들에게 강제적 감정 표현을 강요하기에 이르렀다. 예를 들어 근로자가 실제 느끼는 감정과는 별도로 그 어떤 '진상 고객'을 만나더라도 웃음을 잃지 않고 화를 내지 않기를 교육받는 것이다. 이를 통한 감정노동과 감정지능에 대한 연구가 최근 들어 활발해 지고 있다. 사실 감정노동이라는 것 자체는 서비스산업이 발달하면서 나타나는 불가피한 현상이기는 하다. 서비스산업 노동 자체가 고객과의 대면 상황을 전제로 하기 때문이다. 그러나 자연스러운 수준에서 일어나는 감정 관리, 다분히 인간적인 수준에서의 표정 관리 이상을 서비스산업 노동자들이 강요받고 있다는 것이다. 또한 최근에는 조직구성원의 감성이 조직생활에 영향을 미침을 인식하게 되면서 조직 내의 감성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 사람, 돈, 정보 등의 물리적 자원 등과 같은 조직을 구성하는 핵심요소와 함께 지식과 감성과 같은 비가시적인 자원 또한 조직을 구성하는 중요한 요소라는 주장이 제기되었다. 본 연구에서는 서비스 산업의 주된 감정노동과 조직 내에서 중요한 요소로 자리를 잡아가고 있는 감성지능에 대한 개념과 정의를 제시하고 감정노동과 감성지능에 대한 차이점 및 직무스트레스에 주는 영향에 대하여 연구하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.395-405
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among the emotional labor, burnout, and organizational commitment in airline context. In this study, 2 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. Questionnaire was also developed based on previous studies. A convenience sample of 163 flight attendants was surveyed and 153 usable questionnaires were analyzed. According to the literature review, emotional labor was divided into 'surface acting' and 'deep acting'. Burnout, on the other hand, was categorized into the following variables: 'emotional exhaustion', 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment' accordingly. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) by AMOS. The results are as follows. Firstly, emotional labor has no effect on 'emotional exhaustion' while emotional labor has negative effects on 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment'. Secondly, 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishments'' factor have negative effects on organizational commitment while 'emotional exhaustion' has no effect on organizational commitment. Continuous and systematic training should be conducted to administer 'emotional labor'. Consulting system should also be conducted to reduce burnout and systematic procedure is also needed to induce positive results from burnout.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.390-396
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to analyze factors influencing the emotional labor and emotional intelligence of a dental hygienist on organizational effectiveness. The study was conducted between September 4, 2018 to December 7, 2018, enrolling a total of 233 dental hygienists living in the Jeollabuk-do province. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression, using SPSS 18.0. The regression model obtained was F=138.917, P<0.05, with an explanatory percentage of 58.2. Emotional labor (${\beta}=0.608$) was determined to be the most influential variable among independent variables, and other factors affecting the organizational effectiveness of a dental hygienist include the highest level of education, career, and emotional intelligence. We conclude that in order to improve organizational effectiveness among dental hygienists, it is necessary to establish an effective plan for reducing emotional labor and promote emotional intelligence.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.107-132
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• 2011

The purposes of this paper are to examine the effect of emotional intelligence and logic intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and to examine the moderating effect of intelligence labor on these relationship. For these purposes, literature review and survey research were conducted. The 420 questionnaires were sent to the 12 manufactural firms in the Busan and Kyungsang Nam-Do region for empirical analysis. Total 363 usable responses were collected(effective response rate : 86.40%). The major findings of the empirical research are as follows ; First, emotional intelligence and logic intelligence have positive influence organizational citizenship behavior. but emotional intelligence have more positive influence than logic intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior. Second, emotional intelligence has differential influence on organizational citizenship behavior by emotional labor, but logic intelligence hasn't that. In conclusion, emotional intelligence is expected to improve organizational citizenship behavior which is extra-role behavior in an organization. Therefore, managers have to develop organizational citizenship behavior by exhibiting emotional intelligence, considering emotional labor.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.99-104
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional labor behavior of employee at geriatric long-term care(LTC) facilities on job burnout and service quality focusing on the emotional leadership of superior to improve the working environment of LTC employee and provide the high-quality service to seniors. First, it is appeared that between emotional labor behaviors deep acting has a negative effect on job burnout, in contrast surface acting has a positive effect on job burnout. and, emotional labor behavior has positive influence on service quality. Second, self efficacy has partial mediating effect of tangibility, reliability, assurance and empathy on service quality only for the deep acting between emotional labor behaviors. Third, between emotional labor behavior, emotional leadership has moderating effect on emotional depletion and deterioration of personal accomplishment. In contrast, moderating effect of emotional leadership is not appeared on surface acting and depersonalization. In conclusion, further study is required to improve service quality of elderly in LTC facility and working environment of LCT facility workforce.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.403-404
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사를 대상으로 감정노동과 감성지능이 직무스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구에서 간호사들의 감정노동과 감성지능 변인들의 직무스트레스에 대한 분산 설명력은 31.9%였고, 회귀모형은 유의미한 것으로 나타났다(F=7.615, p<.001). 분석결과, 감정노동 변인 중 감정표현의 빈도는 직무스트레스에 유의미한 부(-)적 영향(${\beta}=.206$ p<.05)을, 감정표현 규범의 주의성은 유의미한 정(+)적 영향(${\beta}=.318$, p<.01)을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 감성지능변인 중 자기감정이해(${\beta}=.195$, p<.05)와 감정조절(${\beta}$=-.192, p<.05) 변인이 직무스트레스에 유의미한 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 변인들의 상대적 영향력은 표준화계수(${\beta}$)를 통해 알 수 있듯이, 감정표현 규범의 주의성, 감정표현의 빈도, 자기감정이해, 감성조절 등의 변인 순으로 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향력이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해, 간호사들이 직무스트레스를 낮추기 위해서는 환자들과 긍정적인 감정표현을 많이 하고, 간호사들이 병원의 감정표현 규범으로 인해 표현하지 못한 감정을 해소할 수 있는 방안이 필요하며, 자신의 감정에 대한 이해와 감성조절 능력을 기르도록 스스로 노력이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.136-145
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify the relationship among employee-focused and job-focused emotional labor, emotional leadership, and burnout among emergency room nurses. Data were collected from 168 emergency nurses working at general hospitals in one metropolitan city and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS/WIN program. According to the results, the mean scores of the employee-focused emotional labor scale were 3.51 points for superficial acting and 3.26 for deep acting. The mean score of the job-focused scale was 3.73 for frequency of emotional surface, 3.36 for duration of interpersonal interactions, and 3.46 for variety of emotional expressions. The mean score of the emotional leadership scale was 3.57, and the mean scores of the burnout were 4.59 for emotional exhaustion, 4.13 for depersonalization, and 3.60 for diminished personal accomplishment. Job-focused emotional labor scores were higher than employee-focused scores. Superficial acting and frequency of interactions in emotional labor were the most frequently performed by emergency nurses. Employee-focused and job-focused emotional labor showed a significantly partial correlation with emotional leadership and burnout. Based on the results, future research needs to develop effective strategies for managing emotional labor and burnout of nurses working in emergency rooms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.293-307
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• 2019

The poor welfare level of social workers is a big social problem in direct proportion to the ongoing need for social welfare service. In particular, the emotional work of social workers is a serious situation. This Study examines the effect of emotional labor(EL) on customer orientation(CO) of social workers with case management. Also this paper investigates the moderating effect of emotional intelligence(EI) and leader-member exchange(LMX). The major results from the study are as follow: First, we found that surface acting(SA) of EL had a negative impact on CO and deep acting(DA) of EL had a positive impact on CO. Second, EI showed a moderating effect on the correlation between SA of EL and CO. Also, EI had the moderating effect that weakening the negative impact of SA on CO. Third, LMX showed a moderating effect on the correlation between DA of EL and CO. Also, LMX had the moderating effect that strengthening the positive impact of DA on CO. In particular, this study presented with implications for future research, limitations of this study.