• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of routine liver ultrasonography on the basis of the scoring system according to the morphological parameters of liver ultrasound images and the histopathological results of liver biopsy. The morphological parameters of the liver through ultrasonography were divided into liver surface, liver edge and liver parenchyma. Pathologic results of liver biopsy were classified as mild fibrosis(F1), significant fibrosis(F2), severe fibrosis(F3), and cirrhosis(F4). In conclusion, routine ultrasound examination showed a sensitive predictive factor for fibrosis with mild fibrosis (F1) to severe fibrosis (F3) were liver edge>liver parenchyma>liver surface. However, the predictive factors for detecting cirrhosis (F4) were liver parenchyma>liver surface>liver edge. The use of three variable combinations rather than individual variables in routine ultrasonography may be useful in evaluating the degree and progress of liver fibrosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.250-253
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• 2011

차세대 무선통신에서는 높은 데이터 전송률을 필요로 하여 높은 밀도의 주파수 재사용을 요구하게 된다. 따라서 셀 간 간섭을 효율적으로 줄이는 방법을 필요로 하게 된다. 기존의 정적인 간섭 조정 기법들은 셀 가장자리 성능을 향상시키기 위해서 네트워크 전체의 성능을 희생한다는 단점이 존재한다. 한편, 높은 전송률을 필요로 하며, 동시에, 높은 신뢰도의 통신을 위해서 중계단말기를 사용한 OFDMA 중계 네트워크에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 다중 셀 환경의 OFDMA 중계 네트워크에서의 셀 간 간섭을 적응적으로 조정하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에서는 셀 간 간섭을 줄여서 셀 가장자리 성능을 향상시킴과 동시에 네트워크 전체 성능 또한 향상시키는 것을 목적으로 한다. 모의실험을 통해, 제안된 알고리즘이 정적 셀 간 간섭조정 기법들 보다 셀 가장자리 성능과 네트워크 전체 성능이 우수함을 확인한다.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.129-156
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• 2018

Recently, a lot of articles and writings defending animal right and welfare are introduced into our society. For example, P. Singer's Animal Liberation, T. Regan's The Case for Animal Rights, and J. Rachels's Created From Animal are representative writings of animal ethics. In his books, P. Singer maintains that all animals are equal. T. Regan insisted that animals as a subject of a life have rights. J. Rachels's moral individualism is that how an individual may be treated is to be determined, not by considering his group membership, but by considering his own particular characteristics. Interestingly, they use common argument called 'argument from marginal cases' to justify their theoretical positions. If we can disclose the weakness of the argument, all kinds of animal ethics which defend animal right and welfare such as animal liberation theory, animal rights theory and moral individualism will collapse. In this paper, I will examine the concrete contexts in which Singer, Regan and Rachels make use of the argument. And I will critically examine the argument. Lastly I will show that the attempt to deny the difference of species is unsuccessful.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.387-387
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• 2012

그래핀(graphene)의 가장자리(edge)는 결정구조의 배향성에 따라 지그재그(zigzag)와 안락의자 (armchair) 형태로 구분되는데, 나노미터 크기의 그래핀의 전자적 성질은 이러한 가장자리의 배향성에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다고 알려져 있다. 단일층 그래핀 가장자리 사이에서 일어나는 산화실리콘($SiO_2$)의 carbothermal reduction은 선택적으로 지그재그 형태의 가장자리를 생성한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 라만 분광법과 원자 현미경(atomic force microscopy)을 이용하여 기계적 박리법으로 만들어진 이중층 그래핀에서 일어나는 carbothermal reaction을 연구하였다. 고온 산화 방법으로 이중층 그래핀에 원형 식각공(etch pit)을 만들고 Ar 기체 속에서 700도 열처리를 진행한 후, 원형 식각공이 육각형으로 확장된 것을 관찰하였다. 이것은 이중층 그래핀도 산화실리콘의 carbothermal reduction을 유발한다는 사실을 보여준다. 그러나 이중층 그래핀의 반응속도는 단일층보다 느린 것이 확인되었는데, 이는 이중층 그래핀의 탄소 원자와 산화제로 작용하는 산화실리콘 간의 평균 거리가 단일층보다 더 크다는 사실로 설명할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구에서는 반응기 내의 압력이 반응 속도에 미치는 영향과 식각공이 육각형으로 변해가는 과정에 대한 라만 분광 특성을 조사 및 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2013

그래핀(graphene)의 가장자리(edge)는 결정구조의 배향성에 따라 지그재그(zigzag)와 안락의자(armchair) 형태로 구분되는데, 나노미터 크기의 그래핀의 전자적 성질은 이러한 가장자리의 배향성에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다고 알려져 있다. 단일층 그래핀 가장자리 사이에서 일어나는 산화실리콘($SiO_2$)의 carbothermal reduction은 선택적으로 지그재그 형태의 가장자리를 생성한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 라만 분광법과 원자 현미경(atomic force microscopy)을 이용하여 기계적 박리법으로 만들어진 이중층 그래핀에서 일어나는 carbothermal reaction을 연구하였다. 고온 산화 방법으로 이중층 그래핀에 원형 식각공(etch pit)을 만들고 Ar 기체 속에서 700도 열처리를 진행한 후, 원형 식각공이 육각형으로 확장된 것을 관찰하였다. 이것은 이중층 그래핀도 산화실리콘의 carbothermal reduction을 유발한다는 사실을 보여준다. 그러나 이중층 그래핀의 반응속도는 단일층보다 5배 정도 느린 것이 확인되었는데, 이는 이중층 그래핀의 탄소원자와 산화제로 작용하는 산화실리콘 간의 평균 거리가 단일층보다 더 크다는 사실로 설명할 수 있다. 또한 단일층과 이중층 그래핀 모두 1 기압 Ar 분위기에서보다 진공상태에서 반응속도가 현저히 작다는 사실이 관찰되었다. 진공도와 온도에 따른 반응속도로부터 반응 메커니즘 및 활성화 에너지에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.779-784
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• 2014

This study provided the analytical model describing the friction-induced noise in the ball joint system under the edge loading condition. The frictional and conformal contact kinematics between the spherical bearing and the hemispherical socket was derived and the dynamic equations of the perturbed motion were established. The numerical results revealed that the bending modes of the ball joint system can become unstable due to friction, and the axial load and contact stiffness strongly influenced the dynamic instability. In contrast, the tilting angle of the socket was not found to significantly contribute to the dynamic instability of the ball joint.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

The mutual coupling of a pair of microstrip patch antennas on a finite grounded dielectric substrate is influenced by the diffracted field of surface waves from the edges of a substrate. The effective dielectric constant of a grounded dielectric substrate determines the distance between the antenna center and the edge of a substrate to obtain the minimum mutual coupling between a pair of microstrip patch antennas. The optimum substrate size with the minimum mutual coupling is easily calculated using the image method. The optimum substrate sizes using the linage method are in good agreement with the results obtained by the full wave simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

The edge area with burn severity is known as significant factor that has great effects on the ecosystem recovery. However, there is little study on the edge area and its effects in the South Korea. Thus, this study aimed to analyze immediate responses of vegetation following forest fires due to combined effect of burn severity and edge-interior effect. Burn Severity (BS), or ${\Delta}NBR$ values were computed using satellite images of pre and post-forest fire in Samcheock areas. The burn forest was classified 231 $1-km^2$ girds and these grids were further reclassified into 4 groups by BS type (low BS and high BS areas) and forest areas (edge areas and interior areas). These four groups of grids including low BS-interior (group A), low BS-edge (group B), high BS-interior (group C) and high BS-edge (group D). Post-fire vegetation responses measured with (${\Delta}NDVI$) among four groups were then compared and tested by T-test. The results indicated that group C (${\Delta}NDVI$=0.047) and D (${\Delta}NDVI$ = 0.059) showed considerably greater vegetation regeneration than those of low BS areas including group A (${\Delta}NDVI$ = -0.039) and group B (${\Delta}NDVI$ = -0.036). It was also observed that edges areas showed greater vegetation regeneration than interior areas when BS is the same. Group B (${\Delta}NDVI$ = -0.036) showed greater (${\Delta}NDVI$) values than group A (${\Delta}NDVI$ = -0.039) in low BS condition. Similar relationship is observed between group C and group D in high BS condition. Thus adequate restoration practices for burned areas might need to pay close attention to interior areas with low BS to minimize the secondary damages and to rehabilitate the burned forests.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.3B
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• pp.244-250
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• 2002

In this paper, rile scattered field from a random rough perfectly conducting surface by method of moment(MoM) was computed. A one-dimensional random rough surface predetermined statistical properties was generated by a digital computer. The number of surface realization for the computed field and the width of surface realization are set to be 100, 80 λ, respectively. To eliminate the scattering from the ends of the surface, the Gaussian taper function is used. Using Monte Carlo technique, we calculated hi-static scattering and back scattering coefficient. In order to verify the result by MoM we compare the MoM results with those of Kirchhoff approximations, which show good agreement between them.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.8B
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• pp.687-694
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• 2012

In OFDMA-based cellular system, inter-cell interference (ICI) reduces system capacity by aggravating receiving performance of the users located in edge of the cell. Therefore, to mitigate ICI is very important issue in cellular system. To deal with ICI problem, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is introduced. FFR is an interference management technique. It separates each cell into inner cell and outer cell. Then, it allocates whole system bandwidth to inner cell and different frequency partition to each sector of outer cell. By doing this, outer cell users can ignore interferences from adjacent cells. So, the receiving performance of the cell edge users can be fairly increased. However, using FFR technique has a fatal side effect. In order to use different frequency partition among three sectors of outer cell, they can use only a third of the whole system bandwidth. Then, the reduction of available bandwidth reduces the system throughput directly. To solve this problem, we propose a new FFR method that allocates partially overlapped frequency partition to each sector of outer cell. And then, we suggest a proper overlapping ratio for practical cellular system.