• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.255-270
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• 2005

Memory for repeated items is better if they are repeated in a spaced than in a massed fashion (Sparing effect). To investigate the neural mechanisms of sparing effect and successful encoding, lags of repetition were manipulated at encoding stage in an event-related MU study. The behavioral data showed typical spacing effect on recognition judgment, and greater activity for items that were repeated in a spaced fashion than for items that were repeated in a massed fashion has been observed in dorsolateral frontal cortex(DLFC) and ventrolateral frontal cortex(VLFC) of left hemisphere. These conical regions also showed greater activity for novel items than for items that were repeated in a massed fashion. These findings suggest that sparing effect and its relevant successful encoding are attributed to higher level of attentional control and semantic processing.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 1970

1. Four soybean varieties in pure stand and mixtures were grown in 20 competition treatments of genotypes at within-row spacings of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 cm and were investigated in 10 characters for different genotypes. 2. Yield, weight of 100 seeds, height, number of branches, pods per plant, and seeds per pod were highly significant for within-row spacing treatment. 3. There was no spacing treatment effect for number of nodes and days to flower. Maturity did not respond equally in four varieties for spacing effect. 4. Fruiting period was influenced by spacing treatment. Height and number of branches were increased as within-row spacings were increased. Seed yield per area was increased oppositely. 5. Difference between fertilizing and non-fertilizing treatment was not significant in this experiment. At 80 cm spacing no competition effect occurred for yield. 6. In the competition effect, Kumkang Daerip was strong competitor ani Chungbuck Back and Shelby were weak competitors. 7. The within-row spacing of uniformity in roder to increase yield per area was proved as 20 cm in this study. 8. Oil percent was increased as spacings were increased and protein percent was as spacings were decreased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out from 1979 till 1983 to elucidate the underdrainage effect on soil salinity and growth of rice plastic underdrainage was established 5m and 8m intervals in April of 1979 and Jinjubyeo the medium maturing rice variety was transplanted by hand at late of May. The results are as follow; The desalination effect was higher in 5m interval underdrainage than 8m interval underdrainage and the salt content was lower than 0.3％ at 1 year after in 5m interval, 2 years after in 8m interval underdrainage and 3 years after at control. Farther the distance from underdrainage position, less the desalinization rate that desalinization was least at center part of the underdrainage position. Desalinization effect was highest 30cm of soil depth and decreased deeper than it. Shorter the underdrainage interval, more the panicle number, heavier 1, 000 grain weight and higher the milled rice yield. But the milled rice yield wasn't significantly different between the underdrainage interval from 3 years after underdrainage.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2005

In order to investigate the stabilizing effect of piles against sliding, a series of model tests were carried out. The model apparatus was designed to perform the model test of slope reinforced by stabilizing piles. The instrumentation system was used to measure the deflection of stabilizing piles during slope failure. The stabilizing effect of the piles in a row with some interval ratio is larger than the isolated pile without interval ratio. Because the prevention force of piles in a row increased due to the soil arching effect between piles during slope failure. Especially, the maximum value of prevention ratio was presented at 0.5 of interval ratio. If the required prevention ratio is 1.1, the interval ratio must be installed from 0.5 to 0.8. Also, the stabilizing effect of piles against sliding is excellent at the interval ratio between 0.5 and 0.8. This value can be proposed as the criterion of the interval ratio between piles against slope failure.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2011

Crack formations are inevitable in reinforced concrete structures. To estimate crack widths, empirical formulae are used widely and indirect crack controling methods of limiting bar spacing and bar diameter are also used due to their simplicity. In EC2, the characteristic crack width is calculated by multiplying maximum crack spacing and average strain. In this study, limit values of maximum bar spacing and bar diameter are examined as the material characteristics are varied. Two models of tension stiffening effect and maximum crack spacing and their effects are evaluated. The obtained results are compared with the values obtained using KCI method. The results showed that a significant difference is found when two tension stiffening effect are employed, and an under-estimation is found when 2nd order tension stiffening effect and maximum crack spacing limit from Part II were implemented. Therefore, a rational indirect crack control method attained using the tension stiffening effect of 2nd order form is needed. Also, a consistency in serviceabiliy analysis in flexural members needs to be secured. In order to achieve these goals, two crack controling models are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.191-194
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• 1995

환경적 요인으로 인하여 측정간격이 지속시간이 변할 수 있는 지의 l여부를 알아보기 위해 실험을 행하였다. 실험에서의 측정간격은 어절단위이며 이러한 실험을 통해서 소위 구-길이 효과의 한 츠면도 파악해 볼 수 있다. 측정간격 양쪽의 어절에서 체계적인 음절증가를 유도한 뒤 나타날 수 있는 측정간격의 지속시간에서의 변화율을 측정하였다. 결과는 엄격한 의미에서 체계적으로 기술될 수 있을 만한 단음화효과는 나타나지 않았다. 어느 정도의 융통성을 둔다면 순행단음화 효과의 부분적인 출현은 인정할 만하다. 문장의 중간에 위치한 어절과 양쪽 환경 각각을 짝을 지워 상관관계를 따져본 결과 양의 상관이 더 많이 나타났다. 결과적으로 실험에서의 측정간격은 지속시간에 관한 한 문장 내에서 독립적인 활동을 하는 단위로 생각할 수 있다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2000

본 연구는 열에너지 교환을 목적으로 이용되는 환상휜의 비등열전달에서 간섭판의 영향을 고찰한 실험적인 연구이다. 휜과 인접한 간섭판의 간격과, 휜 높이의 변화에 따라 비등열전달에 미치는 영향을 구했다. 휜 간격은 단독 환상휜에 간섭판을 0.05mm에서 2mm 가지 6가지 종류, 그리고 휜 높이는 3 mm , 8mm, 13 mm 의 3 종류로 변화시켰다. 실험결과 휜 높이가 제일 큰 13 mm 간섭판 간격이 0.25mm 로 비교적 좁은 간격임에도, 핵비등영역에서는 열전달 촉진효과가있었다. 그러나 간섭판의 간격이 0.05mm 로 더좁아지면 저열류속 영역에서는 휜 간격 내에 유체가 유입이 어려워 휜 선단만에서의 비등열전달과 일치한다. 이러한 경향은 휜 높이가 작아져도 비슷하다. 또한 휜과 간섭판의 간격이 0.25mm이상이면 간섭판의 영향이 적어, 확대 전열면으로서 전열 촉진효과를 얻을 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.189-190
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 명절이 소비자들의 제품 교체주기에 영향을 미치는지를 탐색하기 위해 중국 온라인 휴대폰 판매 데이터를 바탕으로 명절 시기별 구매간격 차이검증을 통해 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 명절시점과 평상시점 간에 제품 구매간격의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 명절시점이 평상시점보다 제품 교체주기가 짧은 것으로 나타나 명절효과가 있음을 증명하였다. 한편, 춘절, 노동절, 국경절 등 명절유형 간 제품 구매간격의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이는 기업이 명절시점을 활용하여 교체 가능성이 높은 소비자를 선별적으로 공략한다면 더 높은 성과를 얻을 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 실무적으로 볼 때 기업으로 하여금 교체확률이 높은 시기에 마케팅을 집중할 수 있도록 할 수 있을 것이며, 학술적으로는 제품 구매 간격에 영향을 미치는 구매시점 효과 중 명절효과를 온라인상의 고관여 제품에 적용하여 탐구했다는 공헌점이 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.134-135
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• 2009

선박에서 주로 채택되는 열교환기는 쉘튜브형과 판형열교환기로 분류된다. 이 연구에서는 소형쉘튜브형 열교환기의 설계에서 중요한 요소인 냉각튜브와 벽면과의 간격에 따른 유동특성을 입자영상유속계를 이용하여 계측하였다. 연구 결과 벽면과의 거리변화에 따른 임계간격비는 0.25전후로 추정되었으며 벽면효과에 따른 정량적 데이터를 확보하였다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.809-819
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to determine the treatment interval on neem product for control of Bemisia tabaci on eggplant using eco-friendly agriculture. We have investigated the control effect of B. tabaci, growth characteristics of eggplant, economics according to neem product treatment interval on eggplant. The longer neem processing interval tended to decrease control effect on nymphs of B. tabaci. Control effect of nymph of B. tabaci according to treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days were 96.7%, 89.7%, 76.1%, 73.4%, and 51.0%, respectively. This result was the same tendency in adult of B. tabaci control effects on eggplant. Growth characteristics of eggplant according to neem the treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, was less damaged on of B. tabaci. However, the 10 days, 15 days, and untreated of neem treatment intervals were badly damaged by B. tabaci. Therefore, neem treatment interval of 3~7 days for control of B. tabaci was high control effect. However, it is considered to be the most suitable to process every seven days considering the economics and so on. The results of economic analysis from income of 7 days neem treatment interval was the most high as 19.505 thousand won per 10a and the most economical treatment for control of B. tabaci.