• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.257-261
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to assess the anti-irritation activities of Rheum undulatum L. extract against various irritants. In order to investigate the anti-inflammation effects of Rheum undulatum L. extract on keratinocytes, we measured the quantities of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$(TNF ${\alpha}$) secreted by cultured human keratinocytes. As the results, Rheum undulatum L. extract inhibited the secretion of these cytokines dosage-dependently. We also investigated the anti-inflammation effects of Rheum undulatum L. extract against irritant skin reactions induced by 3 mM Methyl nicotinate. The flush was significantly decreased by application of O/W emulsion containing Rheum undulatum L. extract. In the primary irritation test, when Rheum undulatum L. extract was included in O/W emulsion containing 5.0% lactic acid, its considerable anti-irritation effect was revealed. In a in-use test, we confirmed the excellent anti-irritation effect of O/W emulsion containing Rheum undulatum L. extract.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

We investigated the antioxidative and protective effects of corn silk (Zea mays L.) ethanol extracts on human HaCaT cells and erythrocytes. The NICS-2 fraction, extracted from corn silk, exhibited favorable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$valuesof$13.3{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$ and $14.2{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$ when compared with those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, a positive control, with $IC_{50}=10.4{\pm}02.2$ and $22.2{\pm}3.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, we investigated skin protection effects of NICS extracts of corn silk in HaCaT keratinocytes. To investigate the pharmacological potential of NICS-1 and NICS-2 extracts of corn silk on UV-B-induced damage in HaCaT cells, we measured the activity of interleukin (IL) 1a. Our results showed that all the corn silk extracts inhibited the UV-B-induced activity of IL-1a. In particular, NICS-1 extracts of corn silk significantly suppressed IL-1a activity in a dose-dependent manner without inducing cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the ethanol extracts of corn silk (Zea mays L.) could function as natural cytoprotective agents and antioxidants in biological systems, particularly the skin exposed to UV radiation, by protecting cellular membrane against reactive oxygen species (ROS).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2010

In this study, we applied 15% glycolic acid peeling agent and 30% glycolic acid peeling agent to the dorsal skin of mice and analyzed the oil content, moisture content, and pH value of the skin before and after test using cutometer. Ultrastructure for changes in the epidermis of mice were observed under a dermoscope and a scanning electron microscope before and after test. When using 15% glycolic acid peeling agent, the changes of moisture content was measured 74.67 AU for the normal control group and 70.21 AU for the experimental group, the oil content was 13.49 mg/$cm^2$ for the normal control group before test and 8.25 mg/$cm^2$ after test, and the pH value was 6.70 and 5.36 before and after test, respectively. When using 30% glycolic acid peeling agent, the moisture content was measured 74.46 AU for the normal control group before test and 53.50 AU for the experimental group after test, the oil content was 13.82mg/$cm^2$ and 5.70 mg/$cm^2$ before and after test, and the pH value was 6.45 and 4.58 before and after test, respectively. As such, it was found that the changes of moisture and oil content on the skin rely on the concentration of peeling agent and the degree of exfoliation of keratin. The surface of stratum corneum of mice with application of 15% glycolic acid peeling agent was relatively smooth and the exposed cellular surface of keratinocyte had some wrinkles. The surface of stratum corneum of mice with application of 30% glycolic acid peeling agent was smooth. No wrinkles were observed under high-resolution scanning electron microscope.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2023

This study was conducted to discover substances that regulate skin surface acidification using human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines, and to investigate their effects on the moisturizing ability and skin barrier function of the stratum corneum. Prunella vulgaris (P. vulgaris) is an herb widely distributed in Northwest Africa and North America that has been studied for its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, research on the regulation of NHE1 expression and the restoration of skin barrier function has not been conducted. Analysis of P. vulgaris revealed the presence of rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid as active ingredients, which were tested for toxicity in human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT), and showed no toxic effects were observed at high concentarion (100 ㎍/mL or 100 µM). It is known that sodium-hydrogen ion exchange pumps (NHE1) decrease in expression in aging skin to maintain the acidic pH of the stratum corneum, and it is hypothesized that this decrease plays an important role in the impaired restoration of skin barrier function in aging skin. P. vulgaris extract and caffeic acid increased the expression of NHE1 in keratinocytes, increased the expression of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) precursor filaggrin and ceramide synthesis enzyme serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT). In addition, P. vulgaris and caffeic acid decreased the extracellular pH of keratinocytes, indicating a direct effect on skin pH regulation. Taken together, these results suggest that P. vulgaris and caffeic acid can regulate skin pH through NHE1 modulation, and may help to restore skin barrier function by increasing NMF and ceramide synthesis. These results show the possibility that honeysuckle and caffeic acid can have a positive effect on skin health, and can be the basis for the development of new skin protection products using them.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.16-25
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• 1994

모든 생명체는 나이를 먹으면서 노화해간다. 이러한 노화를 방지해 보려는 인간의 꿈은 노화의 본질이 무엇인지와 노화는 왜 일어나는지에 대한 의문 등을 끊임없이 제기하고 있다. 이런 노력들은 단순히 수명을 연장하기 위해서라기 보다는 살아있는 동안만이라도 젊음을 유지하고자 하는 욕망에서 비롯한 것일 것이다. 노화의 과장은 우리몸의 눈, 뇌, 심장등 구성기관 모두에서 나이를 먹으면서 일어나고 있다. 피부도 마찬가지여서 나이에 따라 어쩔 수 없이 노화해 간다. 즉 각질형성세포, 멜라닌세포, 땀샘들의 기능이 점차 떨어져 간다. 어린이들의 터질듯한 팽창력과 유연성을 가진 피부가 어느덧 청소년기의 매끄럽고 윤기가 흐르던 시절을 지나 성년기에 이르면 거칠고 메마른 상태가 되며, 그 후 주름이 지고 탄력성이 소실되는 노화 피부상태에 도달하게 된다. 피부, 눈, 신경 등 생체 노화과정의 생리적 규명이 현재 의학의 한 첨단분야로 등장하고 있으며, 피부노화에 대해서도 많은 연구가 진행중이다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2020

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds derived from plants metabolites and are known to be capable of controlling various human physiological functions. Among them, fisetin (3,3', 3', 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is found in various fruits and vegetables, and it has been recently known to restore the function of certain tissues through senolytic activity. In this study, targeting human epidermal keratinocytes, control of skin barrier genes and antioxidant efficacy of fisetin were analyzed. Fisetin increased the activity of telomerase and decreased the expression of CDKN1B. In addition, it increased the expression of KRT1, FLG, IVL, and DSP, which are main genes that make up the skin barrier. The fisetin also increased the expression of CerS3 and CerS4 genes, which are forms of ceramide synthases. These results show that the efficacy of fisetin is not limited as senolytics but is also involved in various physiological regulation of human keratinocytes. Therefore, we consider that fisetin could be used as an active ingredient in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

The composition of essential oil from the aerial part of Erigeron canadensis L. was analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-one constituents were identified from the essential oil: eighteen hydrocarbons (91.99% of the total oil), two acetates (2.92%), three alcohols (3.59%), four ethers (0.49%), one aldehyde (0.05%), and three ketone (0.23%). Major constituents of the essential oil were D,L-limonene (68.25% of the total oil) and delta-3-carene (15.9%). The $IC_{50}$ value of the essential oil was 0.027 ${\mu}g$ $mg^{-1}$ in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2023

The skin's barrier structure is formed through the differentiation process of epidermal keratinocytes. It consists of corneocytes that are composed of keratin proteins and lipids that fill the spaces between them. During this process, the lipids such as phospholipid that made up the membrane of the basal layer cells of the epidermis are decomposed and replaced with newly synthesized components like ceramide. In this study, the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 components on the packing of the intercellular lipid structure of the skin barrier and the barrier function was confirmed. To confirm this, Rg3 components were treated during the differentiation process of 3D epidermal cells. The FT-IR and TEWL analysis on 3D epidermis showed an enhancement in the orthorhombic lipid packing and an improvement in barrier function. Additionally, in HaCaT cells, an increase in the expression of EVOL1 and EVOL4, which synthesize long-chain lipids, was detected, along with a decrease in CERS6, which synthesizes short-chain ceramide, and an increase in ACER6, which decomposes ceramide using phytosphingosine. This suggests the possibility that Rg3 affects lipid synthesis during the epidermal differentiation process, resulting in changes in barrier function.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated inhibitory effect of Tripeptide against particulate matter (PM)-induced damage in human keratinocytes. PM-induced cell death was inhibited by Tripeptide and the activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) also inhibited by Tripeptide resulting in reduced expression of its downstream targets, cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are responsible for toxic metabolites production and inflammation. Furthermore, PM-induced expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and apoptosis-related factors were decreased by anti-oxidant activity of Tripeptide. From these results, it has been shown that the Tripeptide has protective effect against PM-induced skin damage not only through the inhibiting of keratinocyte death but also through the inhibiting the secretion of several damage-inducing factors to adjacent skin tissue. And the results suggested that Tripeptide with anti-pollution effect could be applied as a new functional cosmetic material.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.311-321
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• 2005

Tea (Camellia sinenis) is a popular beverage consumed worldwide. Since green tea, mainly consumed in Asia, has various biological activities, green tea components became one of the most favorite candidates as a functional materials for cosmetics and functional foods. The biological activities of green tea for skin cue have been ranged from protection of epidermal cells to the stimulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs), which are active ingredients of green tea, possess anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and immune potentiation properties as well as antioxidant. They also modulate intracellular signal transduction pathways. GTPs decrease ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress, thus suppress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and apoptosis in keratinocytes. In addition, GTPs prevent the Induction of inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF{\alpha})$ or chemical treatment in keratinocytes. GTPs treatment protects from chemical-or UV-induced skin tumor incidence in animal experiment. Besides, GTPs stimulate keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation of normal and aged epidermal cells, resectively, and suppress matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) release. According to the progress of formulation study, green tea components will be guaranteed materials for the more effective skin cue products.