• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.4
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• pp.631-642
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• 2009

Although the Korean government is making great effort to prevent the redundancy in IT investment and efficiently allocate the IT budget, actual achievements are quite limited because of the variety of IT resources and different architecture description among organizations and projects. Thus, a standardized description model of the system architecture is strongly needed to identify the common resources and improve the efficiency of IT investment. Therefore, in this paper, we have developed the function-network matrix model which can be used as the basic template for a standard for architecture description of e-Government systems. The function-network matrix model integrates the function tiers and the network areas into a single unified framework, which enables the functionality of each component and the flow of information clearly visible. Moreover, we described the architectures of Korean e-government’s citizen service systems using our model, resulting in clear demonstration of the similarities and differences between different systems, and easy identification of the common resources. Using the architecture description model developed in this research, the consolidation of national IT resources can be promoted, and non-expert IT users can easily recognize the architecture of their systems. In addition, more efficient and systematic IT resource management can be achieved using our model.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.63
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• pp.83-113
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• 2016

This paper is focused on objective and meaning of its compilation through reviewing system, composition, method of description, and content of "Jwagyebudam". "Jwagyebudam" has all round form of a history and character book by recording via arranging figures from the end of 16th century to the middle of 18th century in a chronological order. Figure were not only assigned at close range by steretyping people into groups to a degree in it, but also recorded in a chronological order. In view of method of description, "Jwagyebudam" concentrated a theme by recording via separating different people associated from a figure and content of the same event by using the same method like 'Hogeonbeom(互見法)' shown in "Sagiyeoljeon(史記列傳)". In addition, it obtained effect to objectify evaluation of figures included. In a method of embodying figures, it has described concretely and in a three dimensions figures by recording anecdotes and poems associated with them via focusing on lifelong characteristic aspect of corresponding figures. In other words, "Jwagyebudam" can be called by biographies or character books, writings specialized in characters center among writings of method to weave freely experience. In a broad sense, it can be called a writing to cover a function of history book, poem and picture. This was located to a starting point of variation of inclusive and descriptive method. Namely, several kinds of writings in late Joseon dynasty can show aspect to fulfill specialized aspect gradually.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 2021

In this study, mathematical analysis is conducted by focusing to the 'size' of the 'point' and the 'line'. The textbook descriptions of the 'point' and the 'line' in the geometry content area of middle school mathematics 1 by the 2015 revised Korean mathematics curriculum and US geometry textbooks were compared and analyzed between. First, as a result of mathematical analysis of' 'the size of a point and a segment', it was found that the mathematical perspectives could be different according to 1) the size of a point is based on the recognition and exclusion of 'infinitesimal', and 2) the size of the segment is based on the 'measure theory' and 'set theory'. Second, as a result of analyzing textbook descriptions of the 'point' and the 'line', 1) in the geometry content area of middle school mathematics 1 by the 2015 revised Korean mathematics curriculum, after presenting a learning activity that draws a point with 'physical size' or line, it was developed in a way that describes the 'relationship' between points and lines, but 2) most of the US geometry textbooks introduce points and lines as 'undefined terms' and explicitly states that 'points have no size' and 'lines have no thickness'. Since the description of points and lines in the geometry content area of middle school mathematics 1 by the 2015 revised Korean mathematics curriculum may potentially generate mathematical intuitions that do not correspond to the perspective of Euclid geometry, this study suggest that attention is needed in the learning process about points and lines.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.103-136
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• 2014

This is the paper on the descriptive perspective and writing method in Yeheon(旅軒)'s Piranrok(避亂錄). Piranrok was Yeheon's diary which was written during Japanese invasions of Korea. Many intellectual recorded their diaries during the war. Yeheon's Piranrok was a typical example among war journals. I tried to take view of the descriptive perspective and writing method in Yeheon's Piranrok. First, sourceful introspection was distinct characteristic in the descriptive perspective. Yeheon penetrated into a chaotic state of affairs during Japanese invasions of Korea. And Yeheon had reflective consciousness about self-existence. He contemplated his existence through diary writing. I had a task to study the writing methods in Yeheon's diary. One of the distinct characteristic in writing methods was to increase specific gravity of discussion. Yeheon advocated strongly his opinion and position about cause of war, war responsibility, morality, fortification and righteous army. Yeheon made the best use of communication method and catechetic method. He answered his own questions about the enter and retirement of public office. He expressed his worry and conflict through various techniques of expression. I have a task to study the diary in Chosun dynasty. I believe that analyzing characteristics of Yeheon's diary can contribute to understanding the literature history of diaries in Chosun dynasty.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.307-324
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• 2022

This study examined the content diversity of seven authorized science textbooks by comparing the characteristics of the science concept description and the contents of inquiry activities in the "weight of objects" unit. For each textbook, the flow of concept description content and the uniqueness of the concept description process were analyzed, and the number of nodes and links and words with high connections were determined using language network analysis. In addition, for the inquiry activities described in each textbook, the inquiry subject, inquiry type, science process skill, and uniqueness were investigated. Results showed that the authorized textbooks displayed no more diversity than expected in their scientific concept description method or their inquiry activity composition. The learning elements, inclusion of subconcepts, and central words were similar for each textbook. The comparison of inquiry activities showed similarities in their contents, inquiry types, and scientific process skills. Specifically, these textbooks did not introduce any research topics or experimental methods that were absent in previous textbooks. However, despite the fact that the authorized textbook system was developed based on the same curriculum, some efforts were made to make use of its strengths. Since the sequence of subconcepts to explain the core contents differed across textbooks, this explanation process was divided into several types, and although the contents of inquiry activities were the same, the materials for inquiry activities were shown differently for each textbook to improve and overcome the difficulties in the existing experiments. These findings necessitate the continuation of efforts to utilize the strengths of certified textbooks.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.165-186
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• 2024

Despite the growing attention on artificial intelligence-based automated scoring technology as a support method for the introduction of descriptive items in school environments and large-scale assessments, there is a noticeable lack of foundational research in mathematics compared to other subjects. This study developed an automated scoring model for two descriptive items in first-year middle school mathematics using the Random Forest algorithm, evaluated its performance, and explored ways to enhance this performance. The accuracy of the final models for the two items was found to be between 0.95 to 1.00 and 0.73 to 0.89, respectively, which is relatively high compared to automated scoring models in other subjects. We discovered that the strategic selection of the number of evaluation categories, taking into account the amount of data, is crucial for the effective development and performance of automated scoring models. Additionally, text preprocessing by mathematics education experts proved effective in improving both the performance and interpretability of the automated scoring model. Selecting a vectorization method that matches the characteristics of the items and data was identified as one way to enhance model performance. Furthermore, we confirmed that oversampling is a useful method to supplement performance in situations where practical limitations hinder balanced data collection. To enhance educational utility, further research is needed on how to utilize feature importance derived from the Random Forest-based automated scoring model to generate useful information for teaching and learning, such as feedback. This study is significant as foundational research in the field of mathematics descriptive automatic scoring, and there is a need for various subsequent studies through close collaboration between AI experts and math education experts.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.289-323
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• 2017

L'Espoir, a novel by Andre Malraux, contains traits of the genre of literacy reportage that depicts the full account of the Spanish Civil War as non-fiction based on his personal experience of participating in war; the novel has been dramatized into a semi-documentary film that corresponds to reportage literature. A semi-documentary film is the genre of film that pursues realistic illustration of social incidents or phenomenon. Despite difference in types of genre of the novel and the film L'Espoir, such creative activities deserve close relevance and considerable narrative connectivity. Therefore, $G{\acute{e}}rard$ Genette's narrative discourse of novel and film based on narrative theory carries value of research. Every kind of story, in a narrative message, has duplicate times in which story time and discourse time are different. This is because, in a narrative message, one event may occur before or later than another, told lengthily or concisely, and aroused once or repeatedly. Accordingly, analyzing differing timeliness of the actual event occurring and of recording that event is in terms of order, duration, and frequency. Since timeliness of order, duration, and frequency indicates dramatic pace that controls the passage of a story, it appears as an editorial notion in the novel and the film L'Espoir. It is an aesthetic discourse raising curiosity and shock, the correspondence of time in arranging, summarizing, deleting the story. In addition, Genette mentions notions of speech and voice to clearly distinguish position and focalization of a narrator or a speaker in text. The necessity to discriminate 'who speaks' and 'who sees' comes from difference in views of the narrator of text and the text. The matter of 'who speaks' is about who portrays narrator of the story. However, 'who sees' is related to from whose stance the story is being narrated. In the novel L'Espoir, change of focalization was ushered through zero focalization and internal focalization, and pertains to the multicamera in the film. Also, the frame story was commonly taken as metadiegetic type of voice in both film and novel of L'Espoir. In sum, narrative discourse in the novel and the film L'Espoir is the dimension of story communication among text, the narrator, and recipient.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1986

본고는 TDX-1 하드웨어 전반에 관한 개요를 다룸으로써 특집호의 내용중 각 부분에 서술되는 상세한 기술자료를 이해하기 위한 입문서로 작성되었다.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.38-48
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• 1990

본고에서는 생물분리의 일반적 특성, 공정적 측면에서의 생물분리기술에 대한 비교, 서술 그리고 현재 많이 사용되는 기술에 대해 간략히 설명하고자 한다.

• Korean Architects
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• s.485
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• pp.55-58
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• 2009