• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.647-655
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• 2013

We obtain $C^{\infty}$-continuous paths of explicit Riemannian metrics $g_t$, $0{\leq}t$ < ${\varepsilon}$, whose scalar curvatures $s(g_t)$ decrease, where $g_0$ is a flat metric, i.e. a metric with vanishing curvature. Most of them can exist on tori of dimension ${\geq}3$. Some of them yield scalar curvature decrease on a ball in the Euclidean space.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 1995

A finite element program is developed to analyze the flow phenomena in SMC compression molding as a viscoplastic model. The calculation of temperature distribution is also carried out by uncoupling the thermal analysis from the flow analysis. SMC molding processes with a flat plate substructure and the one with a T-shaped rib are considered in numerical simulation. The numerical results provide deformed shapes, temperature distribution in a SMC charge, and the forming load. The simulation of compression molding of a flat plate with a T-shaped rib requires a remeshing technique for the whole process.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.234-241
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• 1999

In this study, an improved 8-node flat shell element is presented for the analysis of shell structure, by combining 8-node membrane element with drilling degree-of-freedom and 8-node plate bending element based on the recently presented technique. Firstly, 8-node membrane element designated as CLM8 is presented in this paper. The element has drilling degree-of.freedom in addition to transitional degree-of-freedom. Therefore the element possesses 3 degrees-of-freedom per each node which as well as the improvement of the element behavior, permits an easy connection to other element with rotational degree-of -freedom. Secondly. 8-node flat shell element was composed by adding 8-node Mindlin plate bending element to the membrane element. The behavior of the introduced plate bending element is further improved by combined use of nonconforming displacement modes, selectively reduced integration scheme and assumed shear strain fields. The element passes in the patch test, doesn't show spurious mechanism and doesn't produce shear locking phenomena. Finally, Numerical examples are presented to show the performance of flat shell element developed in the present study.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

A strictly aerobic, non-motile, ovoid-shaped Alphaproteobacteria, designated strain $JC2049^T$ was isolated from a tidal flat sediment sample. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this isolate belonged to the genus Thalassobius, with a sequence similarity of 96.9-97.3% to other valid Thalassobius spp. The cells required 1-7% NaCl for growth (optimum 2%) and accumulated $poly-\beta-hydroxybutyrate$. Nitrite was reduced to nitrogen, but nitrate was not reduced to nitrite. No genetic potential for aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis was detected. The primary isoprenoid quinone (Ubiquinone-10), predominant cellular fatty acids $(C_{18:1}{\omega}7c,\;11\;methyl\;C_{18:1}\omega7c\;and\;C_{16:0})$ and DNA G+C content (61 mol %) were all consistent with the assignment of this isolate to the genus Thalassobius. Several phenotypic characteristics clearly distinguished our isolate from other Thalassobius species. The degree of genomic relatedness between strain $JC2049^T$ and other Thalassobius species was in a range of 20-43 %. The polyphasic data presented in this study indicates that our isolate should be classified as a novel species within the genus Thalassobius. The name Thalassobius aestuarii sp. novo is therefore proposed for this isolate; the type strain is $JC2049^T(=IMSNU\;14011^T=KCTC\;12049^T=DSM\;15283^T)$.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

This paper is about the yield rate of lower temperature furnace for wafer heat-treatment. The flat-zone that the temperature in furnace has uniform distribution specific area is the significant variable to the yield rate. In this study, we researched about the ways how to widen the flat zone in the furnace using CFD. As a result, we confirmed that the characteristic of the flat-zone was changed when SCU(Super Cooling Unit) was used. We considered temperature control with above.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-408
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• 2003

A quantitative method was suggested for estimating damages in fishery production due to the diffusion and deposition of suspended silt and clay by various construction processes in tidal flat fishing grounds. Marine populations are maintained through the process of spawning, growth, recruitment, natural death and death by fishing each year. All of the year classes of the population in a fishery ground could be affected when damages occur by human activities such as land filling or reclamation. The propose of this study is to calculate damages in terms of fishery production using a quantitative population dynamic method. If the maximum age in the population is $X_\lambda,$ the starting year of damage is $t_s,$ and the ending year of damage is $t_e,$ the number of year classes damaged is $t_{s-n\lambda}-t_e,$ Many year classes present in the year $t_s,$ and so if damages occur, they Influence all the year classes which are present in the population. Damaged year classes in year $t_e$ would still be in the population until the year $t_{e+n\lambda}$, where $n_{\lambda}$ is the oldest age class. If the expected yield of a year class is constant, the total yield from year classes in the fishing ground during the construction periods can be calculated as follows: $Y_\Phi=[(t_e-t_s+1)+n_c]{\cdot}Y_E+\sum\limits^{n_\lambda-n_c}_{l=1}\;\sum\limits^{n_\lambda-n_c}_{l=i}\;Y_{n_c+i}$ This method was applied for damage estimation in the production of Ruditapes philippinarum in a tidal flat fishing ground.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1792-1794
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• 2001

In this paper, the basic characteristics of flat fluorescent lamp using ultraviolet generated from gas discharge and powder type electro luminescent display using a phenomenon of the light emission caused by the electrical field applied to phosphor are studied. The lamp is a simple structure with insulator layer, phosphor layer, and gas gap. Current(displacement current + discharge current) in flat fluorescent lamp using.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.619-626
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• 2014

In this paper, it was constructed the halophyte Mesocosm experimental which was used tidal flat and dredged sediment as a substrate material. Depending on the vegetation and substrate material of Mesocosm, Mesocosm A(tidal flat sediment + Salicornia herbacea), Mesocosm B (only dredged sediment), Mesocosm C(dredged sediment + Salicornia herbacea). Monitoring was carried out of Warter quality factots(Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Nitrogen(T-N), Total Phosphorus(T-P), water temperature, salinity), Sediment factors(Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Nitrogen(T-N), Total Phosphorus(T-P)) and growth of Salricornia herbacea. Habitat Stability Index of vegetation was calculating by using the monitoring results. HSI of Mesocosm C was calculated from 0.87 to 0.95 as compared to the relatively high HSI in Mesocosm A, it was evaluated to be able to be used in the restoration and construction of the coastal salt marsh with dredged sediment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.1501-1502
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• 2011