• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

We say a module $M_R$ a semicommutative module if for any $m{\in}M$ and any $a{\in}R$, $ma=0$ implies $mRa=0$. This paper gives various properties of reduced, Armendariz, Baer, Quasi-Baer, p.p. and p.q.-Baer rings to extend to modules. In addition we also prove, for a p.p.-ring R, R is semicommutative iff R is Armendariz. Let R be an abelian ring and $M_R$ be a p.p.-module, then $M_R$ is a semicommutative module iff $M_R$ is an Armendariz module. For any ring R, R is semicommutative iff A(R, ${\alpha}$) is semicommutative. Let R be a reduced ring, it is shown that for number $n{\geq}4$ and $k=[n=2]$, $T^k_n(R)$ is semicommutative ring but $T^{k-1}_n(R)$ is not.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.414-418
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• 1989

The electrochemical behavior of cadmium(Ⅱ) in tartrate solution has been studied over the pH range of 6 to 13.6 in order to explain the phenomena of the changes in limiting current depending on the pH. The polarographic limiting current showed a constant value up to pH of 7.8, after which it decreased sharply to show a minimum at pH between 11 and 12. The limiting current, then, increased again with increasing pH. The number of peaks in cyclic voltammogram was 1 to 3 depending on the pH of the solution. Two other voltammetric peaks could be observed when the main reduction peak diminished. The decrease of limiting current at 7.5$Cd(C_4H_3O_6)^-$. The increase of limiting current at strong alkaline solution, however, was due to the complex $Cd(Tart)_2(OH)_2^{4-}$.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2007

무한소수에 대한 학생들의 오개념은 무한소수의 표현방법과 표현된 무한소수의 해석에 원인이 있으며 유리수와 무리수에 대한 학생들의 자의적인 정의도 원인이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 무한소수에 대한 학생들의 이해의 유형은 순환유추형, 규칙유추형, 순환-비순환유추형, 비유추형으로 분류되었으며, 무리수와 유리수에 대한 자의적인 정의에 따라 무한무리유추형, 규칙유리-비규칙 무리유추형으로 분류되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7343-7350
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• 2015

Genetic changes associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) provide very important diagnostic and prognostic information with a direct impact on patient management. Detection of chromosome abnormalities by conventional cytogenetics combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) play a very significant role in assessing risk stratification. Identification of specific chromosome abnormalities has led to the recognition of genetic subgroups based on reciprocal translocations, deletions and modal number in B or T-cell ALL. In the last twelve years 102 newly diagnosed childhood/adult ALL bone marrow samples were analysed for chromosomal abnormalities with conventional G-banding, and FISH (selected cases) using specific probes in our hospital. G-banded karyotype analysis found clonal numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberrations in 74.2% of cases. Patients with pseudodiploidy represented the most frequent group (38.7%) followed by high hyperdiploidy group (12.9%), low hyperdiploidy group (9.7%), hypodiploidy (<46) group (9.7%) and high hypertriploidy group (3.2%). The highest observed numerical chromosomal alteration was high hyperdiploidy (12.9%) with abnormal karyotypes while abnormal 12p (7.5%) was the highest observed structural abnormality followed by t(12;21)(p13.3;q22) resulting in ETV6/RUNX1 fusion (5.4%) and t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) resulting in BCR/ABL1 fusion (4.3%). Interestingly, we identified 16 cases with rare and complex structural aberrations. Application of the FISH technique produced major improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy of cytogenetic analysis with ALL patients. In conclusion it confirmed heterogeneity of ALL by identifying various recurrent chromosomal aberrations along with non-specific rearrangements and their association with specific immunophenotypes. This study pool is representative of paediatric/adult ALL patients in Oman.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.385-394
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• 2001

An attempt to clarify the landscape structure of urban areas was carried out in the greenbelt around Seoul, Korea's metropolis. By means of aerial photographs and a field survey, a vegetation map including land-use pattern was made. Landscape structure was described by analyzing this vegetation map and the results of phytosociological survey. Landscape element types identified were (1) secondary forest, (2) plantation, (3) cultivated field, (4) urbanized area, (5) graveyard, and (6) bare rock. Vegetation units, resulting from the phytosociological analysis, included Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Q. aliena, and Alnus japonica communities. Plantations were composed of Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa, P. rigida, Larix leptolepis, P. koraiensis, and Castanea crenata stands. Patches near to human settlements in the lower zones of the mountains were fragmented and small but they became larger towards the higher mountain zones. On the other hand, the number of patches was fewer and their size was larger in Mt. Cheonggye more distant from the principal residential area, larger in size, and higher in elevation compared with the other 2 mountains, Mt. Daemo and Mt. Acha. Floristic composition of Mongolian oak(Q. mongolica) stand distributing in the upper part of each mountain, in which artificial interference is rare, showed a difference among those study areas different in parent rock and disturbance regime. But that of black locust(R. pseudoacacia) stand located in lowland of mountainous area, in which artificial interference is frequent was similar to each other. As the results of analyses on the frequency distribution of diameter classes of major species, dominant landscape elements, Mongolian oak forest showed different responses depending on artificial interference as continuous maintenance and retrogressive succession in the sites far from and near to the residential areas, respectively. On the other hand, black locust stands showed a probability to be restore to the native oak forest through progressive succession.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.527-535
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• 2008

Let $I{\in}C^{1,1}$ be a strongly indefinite functional defined on a Hilbert space H. We investigate the number of the critical points of I when I satisfies one pair of Torus-Sphere variational linking inequality. We show that I has at least two critical points when I satisfies one pair of Torus-Sphere variational linking inequality with $(P.S.)^*_c$ condition. We prove this result by use of the limit relative category and critical point theory on the manifold with boundary.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2000

In a game called red and black, you can stake any amount is in your possession. Suppose your goal is 1 and your current fortune is $f$, with 0$p$ and lose your stake with probability, $q$=1-$p$. In this paper, we consider optimum strategies for this game with the value of $p$ less than $^1/_2$ where the house has the advantage over the player, and with the value of $p$ greater than $^1/_2$ where the player has the advantage over the house. The optimum strategy at any $f$ when $p$<$^1/_2$ is to play boldly, which is to bet as much as you can. The optimum strategy when $p$>$^1/_2$ is to bet $f\cdot\alpha$with $\alpha$, a sufficiently small number between 0 and 1.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.683-700
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• 2018

We get one theorem which shows existence of solutions for one-dimensional jumping problem involving p-Laplacian and Dirichlet boundary condition. This theorem is that there exists at least one solution when nonlinearities crossing finite number of eigenvalues, exactly one solutions and no solution depending on the source term. We obtain these results by the eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions of the p-Laplacian eigenvalue problem when 1 < p < ${\infty}$, variational reduction method and Leray-Schauder degree theory when $2{\leq}$ p < ${\infty}$.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Let G = (V, E) be a simple graph with p vertices and q edges. A subset S of V (G) is called a strong (weak) efficient dominating set of G if for every $v{\in}V(G)$ we have ${\mid}N_s[v]{\cap}S{\mid}=1$ (resp. ${\mid}N_w[v]{\cap}S{\mid}=1$), where $N_s(v)=\{u{\in}V(G):uv{\in}E(G),\;deg(u){\geq}deg(v)\}$. The minimum cardinality of a strong (weak) efficient dominating set of G is called the strong (weak) efficient domination number of G and is denoted by ${\gamma}_{se}(G)$ (${\gamma}_{we}(G)$). A graph G is strong efficient if there exists a strong efficient dominating set of G. In this paper, some cycle and star related Nordhaus-Gaddum type relations on strong efficient dominating sets and the number of strong efficient dominating sets are studied.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.621-630
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• 2013

본 연구는 간호학과 학생을 대상으로 손씻기와 관련된 교재, PPT 자료 그리고 실습을 통해 교육한 후 대상자들의 손씻기에 대한 태도유형을 파악하여 간호교육 및 간호실습 프로그램에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구방법은 Q방법론을 적용하였고, 2012년 10월 8일부터 10월 15일까지 간호학과 2학년 20명을 P표본으로 하여, 대상자들에게 Q표본을 9점 Q표본 분포도상에 강제분포하도록 하고 수집된 자료는 PC QUANL program에 의한 주인자 분석법으로 처리하였다. 연구결과 손씻기 태도에 대한 유형은 3가지로 분류되었다. 3가지 유형은 아이겐값 1.0이상인 것으로 하였고, 유형별 변량은 40.41%, 10.14%, 그리고 6.11%로 전체 누적변량은 56.67%의 설명력을 나타냈다. 제 1유형은 손씻기 횟수 증가형, 제 2유형은 손씻기 교육 필요성 인식형, 제 3유형은 손씻기 후 건조형으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 손씻기 교육 후 태도에 대한 유형분류 의미는 간호교육과 간호실습에 대한 프로그램 개발과 함께 개별화된 중재 전략도 다르게 제공되어야 할 것이다.