• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2015

Reducing the building energy consumption has become one of the most important issues. However, the current engineering and technological involvement in energy analysis has been relatively low in the existing buildings. In the existing buildings, end-use analysis must be accompanied to calculate the exact amount in energy savings and such analysis should be conducted based on the energy billing data or measurement data by calibration process. Mostly, detailed energy simulation programs have been proposed for the analysis but, it is difficult to utilize them due to realistic problems. In this paper, we developed an end-use analysis tool that have input function for energy audit data and two case studies were conducted in the real-life office buildings located in Seoul, Korea. Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Coefficient of Variation of Root-Mean- Squreaed-Error (CV(RMSE)) are used for the criteria of comparison. Each index was calculated by using monthly utility bills of electricity and gas consumption. Results showed that MBE and CV (RMSE) represented with acceptable values of -0.1% and 5.7% respectively.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

The cellularity and composition of the spleen lymph node thymus and peripheral blood and tempo of regeneration were studied at various time points after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation(BMT) in C3H/Hen mice. Significant depression of absolute lymphocyte count was noted on week 1 after lethal whole-body irradiation and BMT. In comparison to the lymph node thymus and spleen had an rapid regeneration of cellularity. The distinct cell populations($CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;CD28^+,\;B220^+) have determined in the lymphoid tissue of mice subjected to irradiation. The relative representation of these subpopulations was significantly different from that in nonirradiated control. $CD4^+\;and\;CD8^+$ cells were present in very low numbers whereas the $B220^+$ cells reached more than normal range at 2 weeks after BMT. The number of $CD4^+$ cells returned to normal relatively soon than $CD8^+$ cell. At week 4 after BMT, the cellularity and composition of spleen lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocyte reached about 50% of the normal range therefore we can choose this time point for the other tests of immune function after BMT.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 차동 링 발진기의 위상 잡음 특성을 향상시키기 위해 선형성을 개선한 차동 지연 셀을 소개한다. 기존의 가변 부하 저항을 사용한 차동 링 발진기는 넓은 주파수 튜닝 영역을 갖는 대신 가변 부하저항으로 사용한 MOSFET 소자의 비선형성으로 인해 위상 잡음 특성이 좋지 않았다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해, 가변 부하 저항의 선형성을 개선한 새로운 차동 지연 셀을 제안하였다. 제안한 지연 셀의 가변 부하 저항은 기존의 가변 부하 저항 보다 30%이상 선형성을 개선하였음을 확인하였다. 위상 잡음 특성을 비교하기 위해, Ali Hajimiri가 제안한 링 발진기의 위상 잡음 모델을 사용하였다. 제안한 지연 셀로 차동 링 발진기를 구성하여 위상 잡음 특성을 구한 결과, 같은 발진 주파수와 같은 전력소모에서 기존의 링 발진기보다 2∼3㏈c/㎐ 이상의 위상 잡음 특성이 향상된 결과를 얻게 되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2010

This study was conducted to be used as basic data of environmental friendly construction planning by comparing and analyzing thermal environment, find particles and biotope area rate according to land cover types of outside space of schools located in Chung-ju. When meteorological factors were analyzed according to land cover types, for temperature planting area and paved area showed low-and high-temperature ranges, respectively, and relative humidity was negatively related with temperature as low-and high-temperature ranges corresponded to high-and low-humidity ranges, respectively. For Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index (WBGT) by land cover types, it was observed to be artificial grass> bare land> natural grass. Find particles were different according to land cover types of playground with being bare land> artificial grass> natural grass in the order. Bare land playground, where there were artificial factors and no absorption of fine particles through stomata of leaves as a function of natural circulation, recorded the highest level of $39.8\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and the level was relatively higher compared to the levels by season in Chung-ju. Biotope area rate showed the order of M elementary school> K elementary school> C commercial high school. That was considered to be caused by the difference of land cover type of school playground accounting for a large part of a school.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2008

Two full-length cDNAs, PutPMP3-1 and PutPMP3-2, encoding PMP3 family proteins were isolated from Puccinellia tenuiflora, a monocotyledonous halophyte. Expression of both genes was induced by low temperature, salt stress, dehydration, ABA, and $NaHCO_3$. Transcripts of PutPMP3-2 were more strongly induced by these stresses relative to those of PutPMP3-1, particularly under low temperature and dehydration conditions. Expression of PutPMP3-1 and PutPMP3-2 in yeast mutants lacking the PMP3 gene can functionally complement the membrane hyper-polarization and salt sensitivity phenotypes resulting from PMP3 deletion. To compare the functions of PutPMP3-1 and PutPMP3-2, the orthologous genes in rice (OsLti6a and OsLti6b) were isolated. Both OsLti6a and OsLti6b could functionally complement the loss of PMP3 in yeast. PutPMP3-2 and OsLti6a were more effective in reversing membrane hyperpolarization than PutPMP3-1 and OsLti6b. However, the four yeast transformants each showed similar levels of salt tolerance. These results imply that these PMP3 family members don't function identically under different stress tolerance conditions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.523-527
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• 2012

Objective : The incidence of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is rare. Patients with SSEH, however, present disabling neurologic deficits. Clinical outcomes are variable among patients. To evaluate the adequate treatment method according to initial patients' neurological status and clinical outcome with comparison of variables affecting the clinical outcome. Methods : We included 15 patients suffered from SSEH. Patients were divided into two groups by treatment method. Initial neurological status and clinical outcomes were assessed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale. Also sagittal hematoma location and length of involved segment was analyzed with magnetic resonance images. Other factors such as age, sex, premorbid medication and duration of hospital stay were reviewed with medical records. Nonparametric statistical analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to overcome small sample size. Results : Among fifteen patients, ten patients underwent decompressive surgery, and remaining five were treated with conservative therapy. Patients showed no different initial neurologic status between treatment groups. Initial neurologic status was strongly associated with neurological recovery (p=0.030). Factors that did not seem to affect clinical outcomes included : age, sex, length of the involved spinal segment, sagittal location of hematoma, premorbid medication of antiplatelets or anticoagulants, and treatment methods. Conclusion : For the management of SSEH, early decompressive surgery is usually recommended. However, conservative management can also be feasible in selective patients who present neurologic status as ASIA scale E or in whom early recovery of function has initiated with ASIA scale C or D.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.751-759
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 구조적 기본단면인 사각단면중에서 B/D=2,3,4,5 단면을 대상으로 단면주위 흐름상태가 단면의 공기력 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 정지/진동하는 B/D=4 사각실린더 주위의 비정상압력장에 POD해석을 도입함으로써 흐름패턴에 따른 POD해석의 고유벡터를 규정하고 실린더 주위 흐름장 안에 공존하는 서로 다른 흐름패턴의 상호간섭과 물리적 모드분해에 관하여 검토하였다. POD해석의 고유벡터 비교를 통해서 칼만와류는 박리버블에 의해서 거의 영향받지 않지만 칼만와류는 단면후류부에서 박리버블의 발달에 상당히 간섭하고 있음을 확인하 였다. 변장비(B/D=2,34,5) 변화에 따른 ${dC_L/d\alpha}$, ${H_1^{*}}$의 정(+)부(-)의 차이, 즉 갤로핑현상에 대한 안정/불안정성은 박리전단층의 재부착에 깊은 관련이 있는 것으로 판단되며 B/D=3,4에서 시간평균적으로 재부착하던 주위흐름장이 칼만와류의 방출을 제어하면 재부착하지 않는 것으로 생각된다. 즉, 칼만와류의 억제는 후류부에서 박리전단층의 곡률이 작아지도록 간섭하고 단면에 있어서 elongation효과를 나타낸다.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

수정진동자를 이용한 고분자의 상전이 현상의 해석에 있어서 중요한 인자라 할 수 있는 샘플의 극성 변화에 따른 공진저항의 변화 패턴을 설명하였다. 이를 위하여 친수성 물질로서 PVA (poly vinyl alcohol), 소수성 물질로서 PMMA/PVAc (poly methyl methacrylate/poly vinyl acetate)의 브랜딩 막을 수정진동자 전극 위에 코팅하여 사용하였다. 친수성 물질과 소수성 물질의 상호 비교에서 상전이와 연관하여 공진주파수 변화는 유사하게 나타났지만(같은 변화 Pattern), 공진저항은 서로 다른 변화의 형태로 관찰되었다. 이의 해석을 위하여 공진 파라미터 중의 커패시턴스($C_1$)와 수정진동자 금전극의 극성 등을 고려한 결과, 이러한 다양성이 타당하며, 재료의 극성에 따른 공진저항의 변화를 고려하여야만, 상전이 혹은 다양한 수정진동자 분석에 있어서 정확한 해석이 가능함을 설명하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.693-701
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• 1997

In 1992, Prevotella intermedia was shown to be comprised of another spoecies now known as Prevotella nigrescens. Strain ATCC 33563 is now designated the type strain of P. nigrescens while strain ATCC 25611 is remains the type strain of P. intermedia. The purpose of this study was to find the differences in protein profiles of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which can be used for differentiation of those two species. A partial amino acid sequence of the 18.6 kDa protein band, which was specific in P. nigrescens, was also determined. The cellular proteins were extracted from the cell pellets of pure cultures of P. intermedia. and P. nigrescens by either sonication or being shaken continuously for 20 min at $21^{\circ}C$ with 1 % SDS or being boiled for 3 min with 1 % SDS. SDS-PAGE was performed according to the method of laemmli using either 12% (w/v) gels or 18% (w/v) gels. Results were as follows ; 1. The similar electrophoretic protein profiles were shown by 3 cellular protein extraction methods for each strain. (Fig. 1 and 2) 2. the 18.6 kDa band which was specific only in P. nigrescens could be used for the differentiation of P. intermedia. and P. nigrescens. (Fig. 1 and 2, Table 1) 3. A total of 4 different tryptic fragments from the 18.6 kDa protein were sequenced. the resulting amino acid sequences were fragment 1.GNPVNIGGEW, 2.FNVVR, 3.NYLT-VAPY, and 4.GGDNVTTYQVLPEIGYN. By comparison to the sequences of known proteins in the Swiss-Prot database and PIR database. 90 % matching between fragment 1 and serine hydroxymethyl transferase(P24060) in the Swiss-Prot, and 90% matching between fragment 1 and glycine hydroxymethyl transferase(S15203) in the PIR were shown, but the identity and function of the 18.6 kDa protein remains unknown.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 건축내장용 합판류 목재를 대상으로 목재의 두께별 다양한 입사열유속에 따른 연소특성 측정 실험을 수행하였으며, 측정한 연소특성은 EHC, HRR peak 및 도달시간, MARHE, 인화온도이다. 실험에 사용된 목재 시편은 4.8~18 mm 두께, 목재 시편에 유입되는 입사열유속은 25, 35, 50 및 60 kW/㎡을 적용하였으며, 목재 시편의 종류는 MDF 2종, 파티클 보드, 일반 합판이다. 종합적인 비교를 통하여 연소특성별 각각의 목재에 해당하는 화재패턴을 분석하여 화재에 대한 위험성을 검토하였다. 파티클 보드의 경우 화재 위험성이 높게 나타났으며, 제시한 연소특성 정량화 결과는 복합 가연물의 화재하중 산정에 중요한 입력 요소로 기여될 수 있다.