• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

Prevalence of major legal communicable diseases in bovine and swine had been monitored in Jeonbuk province from year 2004 to 2008. At least 1 communicable disease had been reported in 687 heads from 68 bovine farms and 17 farms (25.0%) of the 68 positive farms had 1~2 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. By disease, enzootic bovine leukosis, Johne's disease and Akabane disease were occurred in 53 farms (582 heads), 14 farms (100 heads) and 1 farm (5 heads), respectively. Swine communicable diseases were occurred in 4,466 heads from 63 swine farms and 18 farms (28.6%) of the 63 positive farms had 1~2 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. By disease, Aujeszky's disease (AD), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), classical swine fever (CSF), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), atrophic rhinitis (AR) and Japanese encephalitis in swine (JE) were occurred in 20 farms (70 heads), 20 farms (2,817 heads), 12 farms (258 heads), 6 farms (1,257 heads), 1 farm (50 heads), 1 farm (2 heads) and 1 farm (10 heads), respectively. In total, 10 communicable diseases (1 species of first-class, 3 species of second-class, and 6 species of third-class) were reported. The first-class diseases were CSF. Johne's disease, and Aujeszky's disease. JE was the second-class and Akabane disease, enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), PED, PRRS, TGE and AR were third-class diseases.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 2022

Disease including parasite, bacteria and virus cause serious mortality to salmonid fish in the aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the current disease status of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Yanayang, Pyeongchang, Jeongseon and Yeongwol of Gangwon province in 2021 and performed molecular characterization of those pathogen. For parasites, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was observed at 2 farms. For bacteria, we identified Aeromonas sobria from kidney of rainbow trout using phylogenetic analysis of gyrB gene. A. salmonicida were isolated from necrosis site of gill cover and fin in coho salmon and necrotic lesion of fin in rainbow trout. Phylogenetic analysis using vap gene indicated that A. salmonicida isolated in this study were clustered with previously reported A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. For virus, JRt-Nagano type of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus was detected in rainbow trout, but infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and Oncorhynchus masou virus were not detected. These results provide useful information for the prevention of disease spread and transmission when cultivating new species such as Atlantic salmon in Korea.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 1996

This study was desiged to carry out an observation study on the cognitive level of health benefitis of fermented milk and subsequntly, on prevention of gastrointestinal diseases for the consumers in Korea. Data used in this study were collected from two different source ; 1) 987 university students living in Seoul, were selected randomly and interviwed induvidual from May 25 to September 30 1994, to investigate the awareness status as a consomer of fermented milk, and 2) health benefits of fermented milk with respect to prevention gastric intestinal diseases such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever and bacillary dysentery in Korea with the raw data from the Yearbook of Health and Social Statistics by Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (1976${\sim}$1995) and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (1976${\sim}$1995), Republic of Korea. The results of this study were as follows : The effects of femented milk on health appeared to be attributed to taking care of an environment of the gastrointestinal tract regarding diarrhea, constipation and digestion, with showing 75.1% of male and 71.1% of female of university students in Seoul answered positively, The correlation coefficients of statistics between amounts of consumption per capita of fermented milk and incidence rates of gastrointestinal diseases during the period from 1975 to 1994 in the whole country was r = -0.308 (p<0.05). those of Seoul a major comsuming area of fermented milk in the country and Kangwon province, a minor consuming area were r = -0.704 (p<0.01) and r = +0.262 (n.s.), respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study suggest that fermented milk exert its effect on gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the results warrant a futher study in the field of preventive medicine and health science with respect to efficacy of fermented milk consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.186-198
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• 2016

HPAI(Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza) is a contagious animal disease that spreads rapidly by diffusion after the first occurrence. The disease has brought tremendous social costs and economic losses. KAHIS (Korea Animal Health Information System) is the integrated system for supporting the task of preventing epidemics. They provide decision-support information, recording vehicle visiting times and facility location, etc., which is possible by enforcing registration of all livestock related facilities and vehicles. KAHIS has accumulated spatial and temporal information that enables effective tracing of potential disease trajectories and diffusion through vehicle movements. The contact network is created utilizing spatial and temporal information in KAHIS to inform facility connection via vehicle visitation. Based on the contact network, it is possible to infer spatial and temporal mechanism of disease spread and diffusion. The study objective is to empirically demonstrate how to utilize primary spatial and temporal information in KAHIS in the form of the contact network. Based on the contact network, facilities with the possibility of infection can be pinpointed within the potential spatial and temporal extent where the disease has spread and diffused. This aids the decision-making process in the task of preventing epidemics. By interpreting our demonstration results, policy implications were presented. Finally, some suggestions were made to comprehensively utilize the contact network to draw enhanced decision-support information.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.3 s.62
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• pp.471-480
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• 1998

This study was undertaken in order to estimate the accuracy of disease code of the Korean National Medical Insurance Data and disease the characteristics related to the accuracy. To accomplish these objectives, 2,431 cases coded as notifiable acute communicable diseases (NACD) were randomly selected from 1994 National Medical Insurance data file and family medicine specialists reviewed the medical records to confirm the diagnostic accuracy and investigate the related factors. Major findings obtained from this study are as follows : 1. The accuracy rate of disease code of NACD in National Medical Insurance data was very low, 10.1% (95% C.I. : 8.8-11.4). 2. The reasons of inaccuracy in disease code were 1) claiming process related administrative error by physician and non-physician personnel in medical institutions (41.0%), 2) input error of claims data by key punchers of National Medical Insurer (31.3%) and 3) diagnostic error by physicians (21.7%). 3. Characteristics significantly related with lowering the accuracy of disease code were location and level of the medical institutions in multiple logistic regression analysis. Medical institutions in Seoul showed lower accuracy than those in Kyonngi, and so did general hospitals, hospitals and clinics than tertiary hospitals. Physician related characteristics significantly lowering disease code accuracy of insurance data were sex, age group and specialty. Male physicians showed significantly lower accuracy than female physicians; thirties and fortieg age group also showed significantly lower accuracy than twenties, and so did general physicians and other specialists than internal medicine/pediatric specialists. This study strongly suggests that a series of policies like 1) establishment of peer review organization of National Medical Insurance data, 2) prompt nation-wide expansion of computerized claiming network of National Medical Insurance and 3) establishment and distribution of objective diagnostic criteria to physicians are necessary to set up a national disease surveillance system utilizing National Medical Insurance claims data.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

The DY1 strain of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria was isolated from the soil sample collected from Daeam mountain, Korea. The culture filtrate of DY1 strain showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on various pathogenic and food poisoning enteric bacterial species tested in vitro. It showed significant growth-inhibitory effect on Salmonella enterica sp., Shigella sp., pathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica. For the identification of the DY1 strain, morphological, biochemical and molecular phylogenetic approaches were performed. The DY1 strain was found to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of morphological and biochemical analyses. The 16S rDNA of DY1 showed the highest pairwise identity with Paenibacillus polymyxa with 99.79% (1,413 bp/1,416 bp). The antimicrobial entity from DY1 looked different from preciously reported ones and seems to have a great potential to be further studied as a candidate of new antibiotics to control multi-drug resistant pathogens.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.705-714
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• 2014

This study aimed at identifying the effect of vapocoolant spray and EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) cream upon DPT (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus)vaccineassociated injection pain in infants. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were 49 infants, 19 of them for control group, 15 of them for vapocoolant group, and 15 infants for EMLA group. Pulse and oxygen saturation as pain indicators were measured before and after DPT vaccination. FLACC was also measured after vaccination. The data were collected between October 2009 and June 2010 and analyzed using SPSS WIN 20.0. EMLA group had significant a little changes in pulse (F=43.37, p <.001) and oxygen saturation (F=9.86, p=.003) compared to the control and vapocoolant group. But there was no difference in FLACC pain score among three groups. This results showed that EMLA cream is an effective agent for reducing DPT vaccination-associated pain. Therefore, EMLA cream can be used to reduce pain at public health centers and clinical settings.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-64
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• 1999

The major concern for this research is to discuss and to offer some solutions to bring the effectiveness of existing notifiable diseases reporting system over the physicians' attitudes of reporting, the actual condition of performance and the reasons of inertia in notifiable diseases reporting through examining the physicians of medical institutions in nationwide such as pediatrics, internal medicine and family medicine. The actual conditions of notifiable communicable diseases(NCD) reporting was surveyed by mail objectifying an internal medicine, pediatrics and family medicine in nationwide on the basis of stratified random sampling method divided into the classification of medical institutions and areas. As a result of survey. the rate of respondents showed 145 persons from physicians, 105 persons from hospitals. 120 persons from general hospitals, and 51 persons from tertiary hospitals. The total number of respondents were 421 and was rated 59.0 %. The analysis of collected survey went through a descriptive analysis primarily to grasp physicians' attitudes on the notifiable communicable diseases reporting, and then upon the dependent variables. Following are major findings obtained form the data analysis. 1. The results of a descriptive analysis on physicians' attitudes towards reporting NCD were as follows: First, the respondents who didn't know that yellow fever is reporting NCD were 11.0% of clinic, 10.5% of hospital. 5.0% of general hospital. 11.8% of tertiary hospital. and in case of hepatitis B, were 26.9% of clinic, 35.2% of hospital. 35.0% of general hospital. 23.5% of tertiary hospital. Second, The rate of physicians' knowledge on penalties of not reporting the NCD by their medical institution were 35.2% of clinic, 45.7% of hospital. 36.7% of general hospital. 62.7% of tertiary hospital. Third, among the no-reporting physicians in whole, the major reason of not reporting NCD were uncertainty of diagnosis(78.9%), no need to report(46.4%), no adequate actions from PHC(29.1%), no knowledge of the cases being notifiable ones in the order of their frequencies(30.4%), meddling from PHC(29.1%), concerning of patient's privacy(26.3%). 2. To analyze the characteristics related to the physicians' behaviors to report NCD, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to the variables related to physician, 4 medical facility, PHC, and reporting system. The result were as follows: First, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' attitude to report NCD and characteristics related to reporting in odds ratio was in the case of hospital. 3.4 times higher positive responses on physicians' attitude to report NCD came up as compared to the clinic. Second, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' action of reporting NCD and characteristics related to reporting by the classification of medical institutions showed that the odds ratio of hospital was 2.3 times, the odds ratio of general hospital was 2.0 times, the odds ratio of tertiary was 6.8 times significantly higher than clinic. And the medical institution with significantly higher positive attitudes rate by multiple logistic regression analysis was hospital that rated 2.5 times significantly higher than clinic. Also in the PHC related characteristics of reporting, the rate of action in reporting NCD was significantly higher in medical institution that were endowed with the good condition of reporting. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the medical institution that has a good conditions of reporting showed a significantly higher positive rate on the action of reporting than the others.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2021

A diagnostic test for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), which infects more than 80 species of freshwater and marine fish at home and abroad, causing mass mortality, was conducted to provide quantitative data on the amount of virus expression in various tissues of flounder in chronological order. The tissues were collected in chronological order after the intraperitoneal injection of 3.0E+07 tissue culture infective dose₅₀ (TCID₅₀) per 0.1mL per fish of VHSV to randomly selected flounder. As a result of relative quantification through real-time PCR, the highest levels of virus expression were found in the spleen, kidney, gill, and liver on day 5. This study proved that the spleen was an appropriate site for the final diagnosis of VHSV in the early stages of infection and will provide important information for the diagnosis of legal infectious diseases in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6158-6167
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to perform comparative analysis of the duties of 7 new roles of HIMs in Malaysian and Korean hospitals of a similar scale. A Malaysian general hospital with a scale of 272 hospital beds was chosen. The researcher visited a Malaysian hospital in person and interviewed the staff in charge over a 2 week period from July 22nd 2013 to August 2nd 2013. For domestic hospitals, 13 general hospitals with 270 hospital beds, similar to the Malaysian general hospital, were chosen. Phone interviews with the department recorded the duty recording work. Regarding 7 new roles of Health Information Manager (HIM), although the role as a Health information manager and Security Officer in Malaysian general hospital was not defined, 30.8% performed their role in Korean general hospitals. The classification of disease & procedure within the role of Clinical data specialist was performed by both countries, and while the tumor registry was done in a Malaysian general hospital, only 15.4% of Korean general hospitals were operating. The statistics of the discharged patients were not measured in the Malaysian general hospital but 76.9% of Korean general hospitals recorded these statistics. Although 22.1% of Korean general hospitals operated registration work of special disease, Malaysian general hospital not only had a total legal contagious disease registration, but also took charge of information registration of hospital births and deceased ones. Other than these, the Patient Information Coordinator, Data Quality Manager, Document and Repository Manager, Research and Decision Support Analyst roles were not done by either country. The new role of HIM is operated in a low percentage in Korean middle and small hospitals. Therefore, to clearly establish the role of HIM in Korea, and have middle and small hospitals to operate such a role, it is essential for the related association to give continuous education and provide support to clarify the role within the hospital working environment. It is desirable to benchmark Malaysian general hospital's registration work on special diseases and others, and expand the work to improve overall.