• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.227-230
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• 2006

This purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for preventing dental caries, and maintaining and enhancing oral health. The subject of this study through the survey of the recognition of oral health, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 545 male and female students who were in the 4th, 5th, 6th grade of elementary school in Ulsan city. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 11.5 with t-test, ANOVA and correlation. The obtained results were as follows 1. Oral health knowledge false for Dental floss silk, Fluoride and very low. 2. The students who were in the 4th, 5th, 6th grade of elementary school is Oral health knowledge, behavior and tooth brushing frequency 4th 5th grade higher than 6th grade(p = 0.000, p,0.005). 3. Oral health knowledge is higher behavior high date (p = 0.001), and Oral health behavior is higher many tooth brushing frequency (p = 0.000).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.543-553
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• 2020

This study analyzed secondary data using the results of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the effects of physical activity, body mass index, and depression on the health-related quality of life of elderly women. Specifically, the sample consisted of 550 women with hypertension and 375 women without hypertension. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and multiple linear regression with the IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, education, physical activity, body mass index, and depression accounted for 26.9% of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the hypertension group (F=14.30, p<.001), followed by physical activity (t=3.02, p=.003), body mass index (t=-3.12, p=.002), and depression (t=-7.69, p<.001). Education and depression accounted for 31.7% of the QoL in the non-hypertension group (F=4.42, p<.001), followed by depression (t=-5.53, p<.001). Based on these results, a physical activity intervention program will be needed to reduce depression and obesity in older women. Moreover, further research comparing the characteristics of other specific physical activities in elderly women with hypertension is recommended.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.393-403
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Program on middle school students' knowledge regarding smoking, self-efficacy, and daily amount of smoking. The study used a nonequivalent control group pre-post-test design and included 47 students who smoke from two middle schools located in city U as subjects. Subjects were separated into two groups, an experimental group with 23 students and a control group with 24 students. Data were collected from February 19, 2018 to May 11, 2018 and analyzed using the IBM SRSS/win 24.0 program to conduct a t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and a paired t-test. After subjects went through the Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Program, their knowledge regarding smoking (t= 3.38, p=0.002), self-efficacy (t= -3.37, p=0.002), and their daily amount of smoking (t=3.38, p=0.002) showed significant changes. The results indicate that the Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Program is effective at increasing subjects' knowledge regarding smoking and self- efficacy while decreasing their daily amount of smoking. Therefore, to induce cessation of adolescent smoking, Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Programs tailored to each student should be held.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2021

Purpose. The aim of this study is to evaluate bone change around the implant in patients who underwent alveolar ridge preservation for implantation in the posterior teeth using radiographic data measuring changes of mesial, distal crestal bone level according to post-implantation, post-final prosthesis delivery and follow-up periods. Materials and methods. In total, 36 implants were placed in 32 patients. The mesial and distal crestal bone level of all the areas where alveolar ridge preservation was performed uses panoramic images taken post-implantation, post-final prosthesis delivery, and follow-up period each was measured and evaluated as a vertical value. The following factors were analyzed: associations between changes of crestal bone level and factors (e.g., age, sex, systemic diseases, dentist, implant location, tooth, bone type, membrane). The statistical analysis was performed using the mean, standard deviation and independent t-test, paired t-test (P < .05). Results. Analysis of crestal bone level differences between periods shows statistically significant differences (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference when the changes of crestal bone level between post-implantation, post-final prosthesis delivery and follow-up periods were correlated with each factors. Conclusion. After alveolar ridge preservation, bone around the implant remained stable during the maintenance period without being affected by the patient and surgical factors, and alveolar ridge preservation is considered a clinically usable procedure.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2007

Purpose : To determine the diagnostic accuracy of four different sequences : moderately T2 weighted, two heavily T2-weighted single shot turbo spin-echo sequence and breath-hold axial-2D balanced turbo field-echo sequence(bFFE) for characterization of focal lesions. Materials and Methods : During the 3-month period between June and August 2005, seventy-six patients were proved to have ninety-three focal hepatic lesions on MR imaging. The patients consisted of 49 men and 27 women (age range, 15-75 years; mean age, 56.23 years). All MR images were acquired on a 1.5-T MR using the following sequences: 1. A breath-hold axial T2-weighted single shot turbo spin-echo sequence, 2. a breath-hold axial-2D balanced turbo field-echo sequence. Two radiologists performed quantitative analysis. Another radiologist measured the lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio at the region-of-interest in the four sequences. Results : There was no significant difference in inter-observer variability between the four sequences. The accuracy for both cyst and malignancy of moderate T2 weighted MRI (echo time: 80 msec) was also highest. There was significant difference for lesion characterization between moderate T2 weighted MRI and balanced steady state procession (p-value: 0.004) in the second reader. For longer echo time, the CNR of cystic lesions were markedly increased in comparison to lesions of other component. Conclusion : The accuracy and inter-observer variability of single shot turbo spin echo T2 weighted sequence was higher than bFFE. Although there was no statically significant difference, moderate T2 weighted MRI (echo time: 80 msec) was more accurate than heavily T2 weighted sequence (echo time: 300 msec). If the results for lesion characterization is equivocal in TE 80, the addition of heavily T2 weighted MRI (echo time: 180 msec) can be helpful.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2002

Turbulent properties of the wake of a circular cylinder were measured The diameter of the cylinder is l0mm and the Reynolds number is 420. A new 3D-PTY system was constructed and a genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced in order to increase the number of instantaneous three-dimensional velocity vectors. In the GA two fitness functions were introduced in order to enhance the correspondences of the particles. The measurement system consists of three CCD cameras, Ar-ion laser, an image grabber and a host computer. More than 3000 instantaneous three-dimensional velocity vectors were obtained by the system. The database of the turbulent properties of the circular cylinder was constructed by the constructed 3D-PTV system.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.323-331
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the changes of tooth contacts following orthodontic treatment , using T-Scan system. Occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation were examined in 26 patients at the end of the active phase of orthodontic treatment and again 3 months into the retention phase to abbess the initial posttreatment occlusal changes. The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean total number of contacts increased from 11.27 at the end of orthodontic treatment to 13.15 at the fellow up visit, which was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). 2. The change of number of contacts on anterior teeth was unchanged. 3. The change of number of contacts on posterior teeth was found to be statistically significnat (P<0.01). 4. The change of fetal number of teeth in contact was significant (P<0.05). 5. The number of ant. teeth in contact was slightly increased. but Which was not found to be statistically significant (P>0.05). 6. The number of post. teeth in contact significantly increased, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). 7. A statistically significant relationship was found between the total number of contacts at the end of treatment and the change in the contacts over time. The fewer the number of tooth contact was at the end of orthodontic treatment, the greater number of tooth contact increased over time(r=-0.38, P<0.05).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 2020

This study was performed with hot water extract (LJF-W) and 70% ethanol extract (LJF-70E) of Litsea japonica fruit to investigate the immunostimulatory activity and bone health-promoting effect of L. japonica fruit. The production of pro-inflammatory mediator (nitric oxide) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were estimated to examine the immunostimulatory activity of the fruit extracts. The immunostimulatory activity of LJF-W was higher than that of positive control (geinsenosides). However, there was no effect in LJF-70E. Futhermore, both LJF-W and LJF-70E appeared to stimulate the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, proving the effect as a bone health agent. From this result it could be presumed that L. japonica fruit extracts not only stimulate the immune system, but also the ability to promote bone health.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.2 s.73
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• pp.239-249
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• 1999

In orthognathic surgery to obtain proper functional and esthetic form after skeletal discrepancy treatment, precise diagnosis and treatment plan are essential. Especially in two jaw surgeries that have serious upper and lower jaw problems, maxilla and mandible are arranged in three dimensions. Based on the maxillary rearrangement, mandibular sagittal and transverse positions are determined, and thus new occlusal plane is established. The object of this study is to evaluate the stability of the indiviual ideal occlusal plane based on the architectural and structural craniofacial analysis of Delaires. The subjects of this study were 48 patients who underwent two jaw surgeries, and they were equally divided into two groups, A and B. A group was operated with ideal occlusal plane and B group was not. Two groups were compared at the preoperative, immediate postoperative (average 4.3days), and long-term postoperative (average 1.3years) lateral cephalometric radiographs. The following results were obtained: 1. ANS was lower than that of PNS for both A and B after the surgery. That is, maxilla and mandible are rotated in posterior and superior direction. 2. Significances were found between $T_2$ and $T_3$ for both A and B are HRP-Me at vortical measurements, articular angle(p<0.01), gonial angle(p<0.01), and Mn. plane angle(p<0.05) at angular measurement. Mn. plane angle is increased at HRP-Me is decreased for both A and B. 3. There is no significance in skeletal stability aster the surgery between group A and B. 4. Horizontal movements of B and Pog by surgery have statistically significant inverse correlations with horizontal relapse of B and Pog, and vertical relapse of PNS, as well as Mn. Plane angle, and gonial angle after the surgery.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.491-500
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• 2015

In order to improve the runoff estimation accuracy of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) curve number (CN) model, this study incorporated rainfall and maximum potential retention as contributors for initial abstraction. The modification was proposed based on 658 rank-order data of rainfall and subsequent runoff from 15 watersheds. The NRCS-CN model (M1), one of its inspired modified model (M2), and the proposed model (M3) were analyzed employing different CN approaches. Using tabulated, calculated and least squares fitted CNs ($CN_T$, $CN_C$, $CN_{LSF}$, respectively), the models' performances were evaluated based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Percent Bias (PBIAS). Applications of model M1, M2, and M3, respectively exhibited watershed cumulative mean [RMSE (23.60, 18.12, 16.04), NSE (0.54, 0.73, 0.79), and PBIAS (36.54, 20.25, 12.00)]. Similarly, using CNC (for M1 and M2 model) and $CN_{LSF}$ (for M3 model), the performance of three models respectively were assessed based on watershed cumulative mean [RMSE (17.17, 15.88, 13.82), NSE (0.76, 0.80, 0.85), and PBIAS (3.06, 4.47, 0.11)]. The proposed model (M3) that linked all of the NRCS-CN variants showed more statistically significant agreement between the observed and estimated data.