• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.120-124
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• 2010

$TiO_2$ and N-substituted $TiO_{2-x}N_x$ were synthesized by using precipitation method. $TiO_{2-x}N_x$ compound absorbed whole UV light as well as long wavelength of visible light (400 - 700 nm) because of the change of band gap from 3.2 eV to 1.77 eV. Results obtained revealed that $TiO_{2-x}N_x$ showed higher activity than pure $TiO_2$ or P-25 for visible-photocatalytic degradation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2006

The $Ag/TiO_{2-x}N_x$ nanoparticles were synthesized by photochemical deposition in a $TiO_{2-X}N_X$ suspension system. The prepared products were characterized by means of XRD, Uv-vis and photoluminescence spectra (PL). Its photocatalytic activity was investigated by the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) solution under illumination of visible and ultraviolet light, respectively. Compared to $TiO_{2-x}N_x$, the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared $Ag/TiO_{2-x}N_x$ is obviously enhanced due to the decreasing recombination of a photoexcitated electron-hole pairs. The Mechanism in which photocatalytic activity is enhanced has been discussed in detail.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 2009

Visible-light-active $TiO_2-_xN_x$ nanoparticles with a homogeneous anatase crystalline structure were successfully prepared through a hydrolysis of $TiCl_4$ with ammonia solution. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), $N_2$-sorption, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) techniques. The light absorption onset shifted from 390 nm on pure $TiO_2$ to the visible region at 530 nm on nitrogen-doped $TiO_2$. A clear decrease in the band gap was deduced from the DRS results. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated from the photodegradation of congo red solution under visible light irradiation. The photocatalyst showed the highest photocatalytic activity at an optimal value of nitrogen doping concentration. This was suggested that the nitrogen doping should have an important effects on the improvement of photocatalytic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.995-1004
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• 1994

Phase relation and microwave dielectric properties of the system BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.TiO2 (n=4, 5) were studied. With n=5 (1 : 1 : 5), Ba2Ti9O20 and TiO2 formed in case of X$\leq$0.7, and Ba2Ti9O20 and Sm2Ti2O7 formed at X=1.0 as the second phases dispersed in fine-grained orthorhombic matrix phase. With n=4 (1 : 1 : 4). on the contrary, only fine grains of an ortho-rhombic phase were observed irrespective of Nd/Sm ratio. The compositions of these two stable orthorombic phases having distinct lattic constants even with the same Nd/Sm ratio were estimated as 4BaO.5(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.18TiO2 and BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.4TiO2 with n=5 and n=4 in the system BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.TiO2, respectively. Consequently the composition BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.5TiO2 lies in the compatible triangle of 4BaO.5(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.18TiO2 and the second phases mentioned above. The microwave dielectric properties (~4 GHz) of BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.5TiO2 can be controlled effectively by adjusting Sm content : with increasing X from 0 to 0.7, both dielectric constant and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency decreased monotonically from 82 to 65 and from 91 (ppm/$^{\circ}C$) to -19(ppm/$^{\circ}C$), respectively, while unloaded Q(Qo) remained constant at about 2,600.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 1997

The effects of sintering atmospheres(air, O2, N2) on the sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 system was investigated. The sintered density of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 under air atmosphere increased linearly with increasing x, but it decreased in the range of x>0.5 under O2 atmosphere and x>0.6 under N2 atmosphere in spite of the increament of the smaller La(1.06$\AA$) and Al(0.5 $\AA$) ion than Ca(0.99$\AA$) and Ti(0.6$\AA$). In case of the air sintering atmosphere of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 the two phases of orthorhombic and rhombohedral crystal system were coexisting, and the XRD peak of rhombohedral crystalsystem was to be higher with increasing x. However, the sintering atmosphere of O2 and N2 made the monophasic crystal system of orthorhombic keep up by x=0.5 and x=0.6, respectively, and it transformed to pseudo-cubic crystal system in x>0.5 and x>0.6. The XRD peak intensity of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 was to be gradually higher with increasing x under the air atmosphere of sintering. Whereas, its XRD peak intensity increased till x=0.6 but decreased with increasing x in the range of x>0.6 under O2 and N2 atmosphere. The relative dielectric constant of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 sintered under air atmosphere decreased linearly and the Q.f0 value increased according as x increased. On the other hand, the relative dielectric constant of (1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3 under O2 and N2 atmosphere decreased in the range of x$\leq$0.5 with increasing x, but increased rapidly in the range of x$\geq$0.6. And the Q.f0 value increased till x=0.6 but decreased in the range of x>0.6 with increasing x. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency had no relation to sintering atmosphere.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.591-596
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• 2009

$TiN_xO_y/TiN_x$ multi-layer thin films with a high resistance(${\sim}k{\Omega}$) were deposited on $SiO_2/Si$ substrates at room temperature by sputtering. The $TiN_x$ thin films show island and smooth surface morphology in samples prepared by ${\alpha}$ and RF magnetron sputtering, respectively. $TiN_xO_y/TiN_x$ multi-layer in has been developed to control temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR) by the incorporation of $TiN_x$ layer(positive TCR) inserted into $TiN_xO_y$ layers(negative TCR). Electrical and structural properties of sputtered $TiN_xO_y/TiN_x$ multi-layer films were investigated as a function of annealing temperature. In order to achieve a stable high resistivity, multi-layer films were annealed at various temperatures in oxygen ambient. Samples annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ for 1 min exhibited good TCR value of approximately $-54 ppm/^{\circ}C$ and a stable high resistivity around $20k{\Omega}/sq$. with good reversibility.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.933-941
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• 2008

The formation of $Co_nTiO_{n+2}$ compounds, i.e., $CoTiO_3$ and $CO_2TiO_4$, in a 5wt% $CoO_x/TiO_2$ catalyst after calcination at different temperatures has been characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements to verify our earlier model associated with $CO_3O_4$ nanoparticles present in the catalyst, and laboratory-synthesized $Co_nTiO_{n+2}$ chemicals have been employed to directly measure their activity profiles for CO oxidation at $100^{\circ}C$. SEM measurements with the synthetic $CoTiO_3$ and $CO_2TiO_4$ gave the respective tetragonal and rhombohedral morphology structures, in good agreement with the earlier XRD results. Weak Raman peaks at 239, 267 and 336 $cm^{-1}$ appeared on 5wt% $CoO_x/TiO_2$ after calcination at $570^{\circ}C$ but not on the catalyst calcined at $450^{\circ}C$, and these peaks were observed for the $Co_nTiO_{n+2}$ compounds, particularly $CoTiO_3$. All samples of the two cobalt titanate possessed O ls XPS spectra comprised of strong peaks at $530.0{\pm}0.1$ eV with a shoulder at a 532.2-eV binding energy. The O ls structure at binding energies near 530.0 eV was shown for a sample of 5 wt% $CoO_x/TiO_2$, irrespective to calcination temperature. The noticeable difference between the catalyst calcined at 450 and $570^{\circ}C$ is the 532.2 eV shoulder which was indicative of the formation of the $Co_nTiO_{n+2}$ compounds in the catalyst. No long-life activity maintenance of the synthetic $Co_nTiO_{n+2}$ compounds for CO oxidation at $100^{\circ}C$ was a good vehicle to strongly sup port the reason why the supported $CoO_x$ catalyst after calcination at $570^{\circ}C$ had been practically inactive for the oxidation reaction in our previous study; consequently, the earlier proposed model for the $CO_3O_4$ nanoparticles existing with the catalyst following calcination at different temperatures is very consistent with the characterization results and activity measurements with the cobalt titanates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2012

We present our recent temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) study on catalytic reductions of $NO_x$ such as NO, $NO_2$, and $N_2O$ over rutile $TiO_2$(110) surfaces. Our results indicate that $NO_2$/NO readily reacts to give NO/$N_2O$ desorption at the substrate temperature as low as 100 K/70 K. Interestingly, $N_2O$, however, does not dissociate into $N_2$ and $O_{BBO}$ over the oxygen vacancy on the $TiO_2$(110) surface. Successive reduction of NO and $NO_2$ into $N_2O$ and NO, respectively, leaves oxygen atoms on the $TiO_2$(110) surface in a form of $O_{ad}$, which can induce additional reductive channels of NO and $NO_2$ at higher temperatures up to 400 K. During the repeated TPD cycles of $NO_x$, our x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that no N atom accumulates on the $TiO_2$ surface.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.585-590
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• 1998

Fibrous $Na_xTi_nO_{2n+1}$ whisker was prepared by $H^+/Na^+$ ion-exchange on layered hydrous titanium dioxide ($H_2Ti_4O_9{\cdot}nH_2O$). The ion-exchange reaction was proceeded at 0.5~2.0 M NaOH solution. In the ion-exchange at 2.0 M NaOH solution, 73% of sodium was exchanged and the prepared $Na_xTi_nO_{2n+1}$ whisker was a fibrous crystal of about $10{\sim}20{\mu}m$ of length and about $0.7{\mu}m$ of diameter. The phase transition of the ion-exchange phases identified by the thermal analysis. The result showed that the $Na_xTi_nO_{2n+1}$ whisker was decomposed into $Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ and $TiO_2$ in the temperature of $200{\sim}600^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.938-944
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• 1995

Dielectric properties and the stabilization of perovskite phase for the (1-y)Pb(Mg(1-x)/3Znx/3Znx/3Nb2/3)O3-yBaTiO3 ((1-y)PM1-xZxN-yBT) ceramics have been investigated as a function of amount of x and y. In the (1-y)PM0.6Z0.4N-yBT ceramics, the amount of pyrochlore phae was decreased by the addition of 2 mol% BT and the dielectric constant was increased. However, the dielectric constant decreased with further addition of BT even though pyrochlore phase was decreased. Dielectric prooperties in (1-y)PM0.6Z0.4N-yBT ceracmis were affected by the character of the BT rather than the amount of pyrochlore phase. The phase transitions were broadened and phase transition temperatures were lowered by the increase of BT contents.