• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 2020

In new millennium, wide-reaching demands for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst have been increased gradually in new millennium. SCR catalyst can prevent the NO_x emission to protect the environment. In SCR catalyst the main composition of the catalyst is typically TiO₂ (70~80%), WO₃ (7~10%), V₂O₅ (~1%) and others. When the SCR catalysts are used up and disposed to landfills, it is problematic that those should exist in the landfill site permanently due to their extremely low degradability. A new advanced technology needs to be developed primarily to protect environment and then recover the valuable metals. Hydrometallurgical techniques such as leaching and liquid-liquid extraction was designed and developed for the spent SCR catalyst processing. In a first stage, V and W selectively leached from spent SCR catalyst, then both the metals were processed by liquid-liquid extraction process. Various commercial extractants such as D2EHPA, PC 88A, TBP, Cyanex 272, Aliquat 336 were tested for selective extraction of title metals. Scrubbing and stripping studies were tested and optimized for vanadium and tungsten extraction and possible separation. 3^rd phase studies were optimized by using iso-decanol reagent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1992

A series of new N-[1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)aryl]arylamine derivatives were synthesized and their antifungal activities $(pI_{50})$ in vitro against Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, Valsa ceratosperma and Botrytis cinerea were dertermined by the agar medium dilution method. From the results of the quantitative structure-activity relationships $(QSAR_S)$ analysis, $hydrophobicity({\pi})$, $electronic({\Sigma\sigma})$ and molar $refractivity({\Sigma}M_R)$ parameter of X & Y-substituents on the phenyl group were also shown to be important factor in determining the variation in the antifungal activity. 4-Bromo group substituents (1d & 2b) were the most effective compounds and the $half-life(T_{1/2})$ on the hydrolysis of X(1) at netural pH was about 1.5 day. Molecular orbital(MO) functions of substrate compound, linear free energy relationships$(LFER_S)$ on the antifungal reactivity arid the results of molecular design were also discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.387-392
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• 2022

In addition to complying with access standards for facilities that require infection control (operating rooms, delivery rooms, intensive care units, etc.) in accordance with the 2019 Medical Care Act Enforcement Regulations, entry, exit, contact information, etc. for entry and exit, the criteria for entering and exiting special rooms of medical institutions have been revised so that records of facts are kept for one year. However, even now, the inconvenience continues due to the fact that such contents are created by hand or due to errors. For this reason, this study designed and implemented a system that provides automatic opening, closing, and accessing record storage functions for authorized users using IoT devices and UWB technology, and we expected that the convenience of the visitors and systemized access control will be possible.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.815-830
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• 2010

This study is a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study to determine the effects of a make up program on the self-esteem and anxiety of the elderly female dementia patients. This research was done between April 13th and May 1st, 2009. The subjects were 41 dementia patients in an elderly hospital in Honam Area. Twenty dementia patients in the experimental group got the make up measures during the two week experimental period and twenty one dementia patients in the contrast group didn't get any measure during the two week period. Make up measures were given to the experimental group 10 times for the two week period. This study used the self-esteemscale which was developed by Rosenberg(1965) and was translated and modified by Jeon Pyung Je(1974) into Korean. The anxiety status scale which this study used was developed by Spielberger(1970) and was translated and modified by Kim Jeong Taek(1991) into Korean. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS Win 12.0. T-test and multivariate analysis were done to test the hypothesis. This study also used a method of observation. The results of this study are following. After the two week make up measures, the experimental group had more self esteem and less anxiety status than the contrast group. The differences were statistically significant. The result of the observation also supported the research hypothesis. Based on this result, we suggest the make up program as an appropriate and useful nursing care intervention program for female dementia patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.358-365
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in feed ingredients for use as protein sources in swine feed. A total of six weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, 14.4±0.35kg) surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were used in this study and were randomly allotted to a 6×6 Latin square design. Corn germ, corn gluten meal (CM), corn gluten feed (CF), chlorella (CH), and lysine co-product (LC) were used for evaluation, and the experimental periods of each ingredient included 5 days for adaptation and 2 days for collection. CH and LC had significantly higher (p<0.05) AID of lysine (79.1% and 78.7%, respectively). The AID of methionine was not significantly different among all feed ingredients. The AID of threonine of CH was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of other ingredients and was 81.8%. CH, LC, and CM had higher (p<0.05) SID of lysine (80.4%, 79.5%, and 77.0%, respectively). The SID of methionine showed no difference among all treatments. CH showed 81.8% SID of threonine, which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than LC and CF. In conclusion, chlorella and lysine co-product showed the greatest AID and SID of amino acids, which makes them potentially valuable feed ingredients for use as protein sources in swine feed.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

We performed a non-destructive geophysical survey such as an elastic wave survey, electric specific resistance survey, plate loading test, etc. in order to grasp the structure and status of the ground around the pillar gate and to provide the directions and design data for preservation and maintenance during reconstruction. The result of electric specific resistance survey shows 50-1300 ohm-m range of general electric specific resistance distribution. Besides, the positions around 1m south of stone pillars, between stone pillar No.3 and 4, and 1m north of stone pillar No.2 and 3 show abnormality of relatively lower electric specific resistance than their surroundings. The abnormality of low electric specific resistance appearing between stone pillar No.3 and 4 shows consistency with the abnormal section appearing from the result of elastic wave reflection survey. The result of a plate loading test shows that allowable bearing force is over $10.70tf/m^2$, and the settlement amount at this time was calculated as 19.635mm. The design load during reconstruction of pillar gates was calculated as $16.37t/m^2$ by applying assumption values, which is far more than the allowable bearing force, so it is judged that a measure to strengthen the foundation ground is necessary.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.173-218
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• 2018

This study focuses on the healthcare sector in Vietnam which is promoting universal health insurance for the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the reform process of the health care system and the law on health insurance through the historical and cultural contexts and its implications from the perspective of development. Based on the three dimensions of UHC - extension of protection for population, provision of various medical services, and financial protection, the current status of the Vietnam healthcare sector is summarized respectively as follows. First, according to the revised Health Insurance law which came into effect in 2015, the mandatory health insurance premiums are calculated based on household units. Second, there is a medical network that can provide preventive and healthcare services centered on primary health care facilities, for example commune health stations (trạm y $t{\hat{e}}$ $X{\tilde{a}}$). Third, out-of-pocket expenditure is still a large proportion although public spending has increased and private spending has decreased since the enforcement of the health insurance law and various schemes. Vietnam is currently striving towards a universal health care system. The development of institutions and systems should be designed in a way that is appropriate for the members of the society rather than efficiency. This article findings shed light on the role of social values, family culture, and informal institutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

Since the hydraulic fracturing field testing method was introduced first to Korean geotechnical engineers in 1994, there have been lots of progresses in a hardware system as well as an interpretation tool. The hydrofracturing system of first generation was the pipe-line type, so it was not easy to handle. It had been modified to a wire-line system at their second generation. It was more compact one but it also needed an additional air-compressor. Our current system is much more compact and operated by all-in-one system, so it doesn't need an additional air-compressor. With a progress in a hardware system, the software for analyzing the in-situ stress regime has also been progressed. For example, the shut-in pressure, which is the most ambiguous parameter to be obtained from hydrofracturing pressure curves, can now be acquired automatically from the various methods. While the hardware and software for hydrofracturing tests are being developed during the last decade, the author could accumulate the field test results which can cover the almost whole area of South Korea. Currently these field data are used widely in a feasibility study or a preliminary design step for tunnel construction in Korea. Regarding the difficulties in a site selection and a test performance for the in-situ stress measurement at an off-shore area, the in-situ stress regime obtained from the field experiences in the land area can be used indirectly for the design of a sub-sea tunnel. From the hydrofracturing stress measurements, the trend of magnitude and direction of in-situ stress field was shown identically with the geological information in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2017

해양환경 중 많이 사용되는 철강재료들은 그 가혹한 부식환경에 대응하기 위하여 일반적으로 피복 도장방식법이나 음극방식법이 적용되고 있다. 여기서 음극방식법은 선박 및 해양구조물의 해중부 부식에 대해 가장 효과적인 방식법으로 알려져 있다. 한편, 이와 같이 해수 중 철강재에 음극방식을 적용할 경우, 피방식체인 그 강재 표면에 해수 중 용존된 산소의 음극환원 반응이 일어나며 국부적인 알카리 표면 조건을 형성시켜 $Mg(OH)_2$와 $CaCO_3$의 막을 석출시킨다. 이와같이 음극방식 중 형성된 전착물은 방식해야 될 표면적을 감소시켜 방식전류밀도를 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이렇게 석출된 전착물은 음극표면에 부분적으로 형성되고, 여러 가지 환경 조건 등의 영향을 받아 그 피막의 형성 정도도 가늠하기 어렵기 때문에 음극방식 설계 시 그 정도에 따른 영향을 고려-반영하기가 곤란하다. 또한 이 전착물은 그 형성 메커니즘에 관한 해석이나 강도, 균일한 밀착성, 장기적인 방식효과 및 효율성 등이 아직 충분히 입증되어 있지 않은 실정에 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해수 중 다양한 전착 프로세스에 의해 제작된 전착물의 기간별, 도장코팅 종류별 특성변화를 분석 및 평가하고, 전착물에 의한 희생양극 소모전류 변화 측정 분석을 통해 전착막을 균일하고 치밀하게 형성시키기 위한 최적의 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 또한 석출속도, 밀착성 및 내식특성을 향상시키기 위해 해수 중 기체를 용해시켜 제작한 막의 특성을 분석-평가하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 강 기판은 일반구조용강(KS D 3503, SS400)으로 ${\varnothing}42.7{\times}1,000mm{\times}4.0t$의 형상으로 제작하였다. 인가된 전류밀도는 1, 3 및 $5A/m^2$이고 도장 코팅 종류별 전착 석출물의 형성차이 비교 분석을 위한 실험은 선박 및 해양구조물에 많이 사용되는 Universal Epoxy 도료 2종을 선정하여 진행하였다. 또한 Steel Wire Mesh의 영향을 알아보기 위해 Mesh를 설치하여 실험을 진행하였다. 기간별-도장 종류별 외관관찰, 전착물의 두께 측정, SEM, EDS 및 XRD를 통해 막의 모폴로지, 조성원소 및 결정구조를 분석하였으며, 전착물의 내식성과 내구성을 평가하기 위해 테이핑 테스트(Taping Test) 및 전기화학적 양극분극 시험을 실시하였다. 희생양극 소모율에 대한 전착물의 영향을 확인하기 위해 외부전원을 인가하여 전착 피막을 형성시킨 강 기판에 희생양극을 연결하여 희생양극 소모효율 측정 시험을 진행하였다. 전착물의 석출량은 시간 및 전류밀도의 증가에 따라 비례하여 증가하였으며, 음극전류 인가 시 금속과 용액 계면 사이의 확산층에서 발생한 $OH^-$ 이온으로 인해 금속과 용액 계면 사이 pH가 부분적으로 증가하여 $Mg(OH)_2$ 화합물이 많이 생성되는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 Mesh의 부착으로 평활하지 않게 형성된 미세한 굴곡구조 및 표면적 증가로 인하여 단계적으로 피복되는데 필요한 시간이 지연되면서 $CaCO_3$에 비해 $Mg(OH)_2$ 화합물이 상대적으로 증가한 것으로 사료된다. $CaCO_3$(Aragonite) 구조는 견고한 피막으로 치밀하고 화학적 친화력이 높아 우수한 밀착성을 보였으며 전착물의 영향으로 양극 전류가 감소하였고, 이로인해 방식전류 절감효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.5
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• pp.847-858
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• 2002

A purpose of the object-oriented programming is to promote reuse and development time, and to improve software quality. A way for this purpose is using a design information well-defined and tested in previous time when developing software. Such design information is called design patterns. The design patterns are descriptions of abstract solution to recurse software design problems In a systematic and general way. But because the design patterns are descriptions of abstract solution, the specification and application of patterns generally rely on manual implementation and is applied to various forms. As a result, we need to spend a lot of time to develop software program not only because of difficulty in analyzing and applying to patterns consistently, but also because of the frequent programing faults. And because the applied design patterns don't express inside application visually, it is difficult to analyze and test for this design patterns. In this paper, we propose automatic source code generating technique to be able to efficiently apply the element of design patterns when developing application. And we show a way to analyze and use the applied design patterns in application. As a result, the design patterns in application provide the consistent structure and efficiency, and make analysis and using effect increased.