• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the seeding dates on the yield and feed value in cultivating Italian rye grass on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with seeding dates of Oct. 19 (T1), Oct. 26 (T2), Nov. 2 (T3), Nov. 9 (T4), and Nov. 16 (T5) treatments. Plant length, fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Crude protein, Crude fat and crude ash were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). On the other hand, NDF, ADF and Crude fiber were decreased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Total mineral contents were higher in the order of T4 > T3 > T5 > T1 > T2 (p<0.05). The total composition amino acid content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the seeding dates delayed. Total free sugar content was highest in T1, whereas the lowest in T5 treatment (p<0.05). Nutrition yields (crude protein, crude fat, amino acid and free sugar) were increased significantly with early seeding dates (p<0.05). The above result indicated that it is favorable to seed soon after rice harvest to increase dry matter yield and nutrition yield of Italian ryegrass in the midlands.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2001

본 연구는 1993년부터 1999년까지 군산항에서 위판된 어류의 총 위판량은 194,531 t였는데, 이 중에서 1994년이 31,632 t (16.3%)으로 가장 많았고, 반면에 1997년이 25,956 t (13.3%)으로 가장 적었으며, 이들의 총 위판액은 367,352,125천원으로, 이 중에 1996년이 63,221,356천원(17.2%)으로 가장 높은 반면에 1999년이 38,835,400천원(10.6%)으로 가장 낮았다. 군산항에서 위판된 어류 중에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 어종은 조기류로써 위판량은 21,217 t으로 전체 어류의 10.9%였고, 위판액은 112,768,637천원으로 전체 어류의 30.7%였는데, 이 중에서 참조기가 전체 조기류 위판량의 88.2%였고, 위판액의 90.1%에 해당되었다. 다음은 갈치류로써 위판량은 전체 어류의 8.9%였고, 위판액은 9.3%였고, 멸치의 위판량은 9.5%이고, 위판액은 7.2%였다. 한편 젓거리류의 위판량은 35.1%였으나, 위판액은 전체 어류의 5.1%에 불과하였다. 군산항의 수산물 위판량은 전라북도 전체의 59.7~93.8%이고, 위판액은 77.1~84.0%인데 반해 전국의 위판 실적에 대하여 위판량은 1.9~2.7%, 위판액은 2.8~3.9%에 불과하였는데, 이 중에서 어류는 전라북도 전체 위판량의 평균 74.7%이고 총 위판액의 76.4%를 차지하고 있지만 이것은 전국 위판량의 2.5~3.5% (3.1%)이고, 위판액은 3.3~4.6 (4.2%)에 불과하여, 군산항의 어류 위판 실적은 전라북도 지역 경제에는 큰 영향을 미치고 있으나, 전국적으로는 그 비중이 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1176-1180
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• 1994

The sliding wear behavior of the plasma-sprayed zirconia containing 3 mol% yttria was investigated after the annealing at room temperature to 80$0^{\circ}C$ in various concentrations of humid atmosphere as laboratory, humid, dry argon atmosphere. Both of the friction coefficient and the wear loss increased with increasing temperature up to 80$0^{\circ}C$. Surface morphology of the worn samples changed with annealing temperature. The change of monoclinic/tetragonal (m/t) x-ray peak intensity ratio effected the wear behavior. The m/t ratio had maximum value at 20$0^{\circ}C$ and decreased with increased temperature in laboratory and humid atmosphere. In argon atmosphere the m/t ratio had no maximum value and decreased with increasing temperature. At all the annealing temperature humid atmosphere had more the m/t ratio value than any other atmosphere. The change of toughness was showed the inversed result of m/t ratio change. The results indicated that the resudial stress which was induced by the different amount of phase transformation takes a detrimental role in wear behavior.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-383
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• 2016

The influence mechanism of mean value components, noted as $P_0$, on POD applications for complete random fields $P_C(t)$ and fluctuating random fields $P_F(t)$ are illustrated mathematically. The critical philosophy of the illustration is introduction of a new matrix, defined as the correlation function matrix of $P_0$, which connect the correlation function matrix of $P_C(t)$ and $P_F(t)$, and their POD results. Then, POD analyses for several different wind pressure fields were presented comparatively as validation. It's inevitable mathematically that the first eigenmode of $P_C(t)$ resembles the distribution of $P_0$ and the first eigenvalue of $P_C(t)$ is close to the energy of $P_0$, due to similarity of the correlation function matrixs of $P_C(t)$ and $P_0$. However, the viewpoint is not rigorous mathematically that the first mode represents the mean pressure and the following modes represent the fluctuating pressure when $P_C(t)$ are employed in POD application. When $P_C(t)$ are employed, POD results of all modes would be distorted by the mean value components, and it's impossible to identify $P_0$ and $P_F(t)$ separately. Consequently, characteristics of the fluctuating component, which is always the primary concern in wind pressure field analysis, can only be precisely identified with $P_0$ excluded in POD.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2006

Sixteen semimembranous muscles were removed from sixteen left pig carcasses. They were cut into $7{\times}10{\times}2cm$ pieces and mixed randomly. Samples were assigned to four treatments: (T1) soy-based sauce; (T2) Kimchi-based sauce; (T3) pickled shrimp-based sauce; and (T4) onion-based sauce. Each sample was aged in a plastic box at $1^{\circ}C$ for 10 days, then vacuum packed and held at $1^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. The lightness and redness values of the aged pork were, in most cases, significantly increased on the surface and in the interior (p<0.05) by day 28 for all treatments, relative to day 1. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value significantly (p<0.05) increased for T1 and T4 from day 1 until day 14, but decreased after 14 days of storage (p<0.05). The TBARS value for T3 decreased with storage time (p<0.05), although there was no difference between 14 and 28 days. The total volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content increased significantly with storage time (p<0.05) for all treatments, with the exception of T2. Total plate counts (TPC) increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing storage time for all treatments. On day 1, T2 had the highest TPC value (p<0.05), while T4 was lowest (p<0.05). On 28 day, T2 had the lowest TPC value (p<0.05), while T3 was highest (p<0.05). E. coli levels showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease with increased storage for T1, T2 and T4. These results indicate that T2 was move effective at inhibiting the growth of E. coli than the other pork samples. The levels of Lactobacillus spp. increased with storage time for all samples. These results suggest that traditional Korean ingredients could be utilized to extend the shelf-life of aged pork during storage.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.154-158
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• 1999

목적 : 1.5T와 3.0T에서의 FLASH (fast low-angle shot) 기법를 이용한 운동중추영역의 뇌기능 자기공명영상에서 TE 값 변화에 대한 $T_2^{*}$ weighting 효과를 관찰하고 TE 값의 변화에 따른 BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) 효과를 서로 비교하고자 한다. 그리고 활성화 영역에서 활성화상태와 휴식상태의 정량적인 값인 $T_2^{*}$에 의한 차이값을 영상화 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 24세에서 35세까지의 오른손잡이 10명의 건강한 남녀 (남:8명, 여:2명)를 대상으로 가능한 2Hz의 속도로 오른손에서 finger-tapping task (엄지 손가락과 나머지 네 손가락을 차례로 서로 마주치게 하는 운동)를 시행하였다. 운동자극은 처음에 한벤의 휴식상태 (3영상)를 가진 후2번의 활성화상태 (6영상)와 휴식상태 (6영상)를 반복하였다. FLASH (TR/flip angle: $l00ms/20^{\circ}$, FOV: 230mm) 방법를 이용하여1.5T'에서는 26, 36, 46, 56, 66 ms 의 TE를 사용하였고 3.0T에서는 16. 26, 36, 46, 56 ms의 TE를 사용하였다. 영승L을 얻은 후 PC에서 상관계수방법을 이용하여 자체 개발한 프로그램과 상관계수 0.45를 사용하여 분석 하였다. 기능적 영상에서 활성화된 영역에서 l.5T와 3.0T에서 각각의 TE에셔 활성화 상태와 휴식상태 의 차이값을 사용하여 fitting을 하여 적절한 TE값을 찾고 기능적 $T_2^{*}$영상을 구하였다. 결과 : FLASH기법을 사용하여 뇌 기능영상을 얻기에 최적의 TE 값은 1.5T에서는 $61.89{\pm}2 2.68{\;}ms,{\;}3.0T에서는{\;}47.64{\pm}13.34였다$. 뇌 활성화 영역에서 자화율 변화에 따른최대 선호 강도변화는 1.5T에서는 TE, 66ms에서 3.36%. 3.0T에서는 TE. 46ms에서 10.05%로 3.0T가 1.5T에 비해 약 3배 정도 변화가 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 산출된 최적의 TE 값은 각각의 TE 값에서 얻은 활성화 상태와 휴식상태의 차이값의 최대의 TE 값와 일치하였다. 결론 : 뇌 기능영상에서 3.0T MRl는 1.5T에 비해 deoxyhemoglobin에 의한 자화율의 변화를 약 3배정도 잘 반영하므로 뇌 기능영상 측정시 보다 유용성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.228-240
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the T2 value of the articular cartilage of the glenohumeral joint in rotator cuff disease displayed on 3.0T MRI and to apply it in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: This study involved sixty-two patients who underwent shoulder MRI containing T2 mapping. The mean T2 value was measured by placing a free hand ROI over the glenoid or humeral cartilage from the bone-cartilage interface to the articular surface on three consecutive, oblique coronal images. The drawn ROI was subsequently divided into superior and inferior segments. The assessed mean T2 values of the articular cartilage of the glenohumeral joint were compared and evaluated based on the degree of rotator cuff tear, the degree of fatty atrophy of the rotator cuff, and the acromiohumeral distance. Results: ICC values between two readers indicated moderate or good reproducibility. The mean T2 value for the articular cartilage of the glenoid and humeral head cartilage failed to show any significant difference based on the degree of rotator cuff tear. However, the mean T2 values of articular cartilage, based on fatty atrophy, tended to be higher in fatty atrophy 3 or fatty atrophy 4 groups while some subregions displayed significantly higher mean T2 values. There was no correlation between the acromiohumeral distance and the mean T2 values of the articular cartilage of the glenoid and humeral head. Conclusion: T2 mapping of the glenohumeral joint failed to show any significant difference in quantitative analysis of the degenerative change of the articular cartilage based on the degree of rotator cuff tear. However, it also offers quantitative information on the degenerative change of cartilage of the glenohumeral joint in patients with rotator cuff tear and severe fatty atrophy of the rotator cuff.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2005

Outside muscle of pork ham were cut to cube(7 $\times$ 10 $\times$2 ern) and three Korea traditional seasonings such as soybean paste(Tl), garlic paste(T2), red pepper paste(T3) were seasoned by the proportions of meat to seasonings(1 : 1), respectively. The seasoned samples were fermented by fill into plastic box at 0 $\pm$ 1 $^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. And then, the fermented meat from each pack was vacuum-packaged and stored at 0 $\pm$ 1 $^{\circ}C$ for up to 9 weeks. pH and shear force were decreased during storage periods in all treatment groups and WHC was decreased with storage in T2. The saccarinity of T1 was increased and salinity increased during storage in all treatment groups. pH of T2 was increased than that of other treatments, while decreased saccarinity and shear force of in T2. The salinity were higher in the order of T1 > T2 > T3. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) value were increased with storage in all treatment groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TSARS) value of Tl was increased with storage while it was decreased T2. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TSARS) value was higher in the order of T1 > T3 > T2 at 9weeks of storage. Surface meat L' values of T1 was increased with storage and T3 decreased with storage whereas, surface meat a' values of T1 was decreased with storage, and T2 was increased with storage. Surface meat b' values of T3 was decreased with storage. Escherichia coli were decreased during storage periods in all treatment groups.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2020

본 연구는 사료용 벼 사일리지의 사료가치를 평가하고 반추위 발효성상을 이용하여 사료용 벼 사일리지와 배합사료의 적정 비율을 조사하고자 하였다. 사료가치 평가는 AOAC(2019)에 따라 분석하였고, 영양소 소화율 예측은 NRC(2001)의 수식을 기반으로 산출하였다. In vitro 반추위 발효시험은 총 6개의 시험구로 구성되었고, 반추위 pH, 가스생성량, 암모니아태 질소 및 휘발성 지방산을 측정하였다:T1(100:0), T2(60:40), T3(40:60), T4(20:80), T5(10:90), T6(0:100). 영양소 소화율 시험에서는 사료용 벼 사일리지 비율에 따라 40:60(W40), 20:80(W20) 및 10:90(W10)로 나누어 수행하였다. 사료용 벼 사일리지의 조단백질, 조지방 및 NDF 함량은 각각 12.29%, 1.67%, 59.79%로 측정되었다. 또한 NRC(2001)을 이용한 사료용 벼 사일리지의 TDN 예측 결과는 51.49%로 나타났다. 반추위 발효 in vitro 결과, 가스생성량과 총 휘발성 지방산생성량은 T4, T5 및 T6에서 다른 시험구보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 초산과 AP ratio도 T4, T5 및 T6에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 프로피온산 및 낙산에서는 사료용 벼 사일리지와 배합사료의 비율의 변화에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 건물 및 조단백 소화율은 W40에서 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였으나(p<0.05), W20 및 W10은 유의적 차이가 없었다. 따라서 사료용 벼 사일리지는 사료로서 가치가 있다고 판단된다. 또한, 사료용 벼 사일리지와 배합사료의 급여비율을 20:80하는 것이 반추위 발효 및 영양소 소화를 저해하지 않는 수준에서 농가의 경제성에도 긍정적일 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

This study aim of quantitative assessment of Noise Power Spectrum(NPS) and image characteristics of by acquired the optimal image for noise characteristics and quality assurance by using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). MRI device was (MAGNETOM Vida 3.0T MRI; Siemense healthcare system; Germany) used and the head/neck shim MR receive coil were 20 channels coil and a diameter 200 mm hemisphere phantom. Frequency signal could be acquired the K-space trajectory image and white image for NPS. The T2 image highest quantitatively value for NPS finding of showed the best value of 0.026 based on the T2 frequency of 1.0 mm-1. The NPS acquired of showed that the T1 CE turbo image was 0.077, the T1 CE Conca2 turbo image was 0.056, T1 turbo image was 0.061, and the T1 Conca2 turbo image was 0.066. The assessment of NPS image characteristics of this study were to that could be used efficiently of the MRI and to present the quantitative evaluation methods and image noise characteristics of 3.0T MRI.