• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of functional ingredients with supplementation as a bulking agent in composting of swine manure. Treatments were T1 & T5 ; Swine mature+Vermiculite, T2 & T6 ; Swine manure+Perlite, T3 & T7 ; Swine manure+Vermiculite+Perlite, T4 & T8 ; Swine manure+Bark. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 0 of composting, T5, T6, T7 and T8 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 3 of composting. Functional ingredients were Fermkito and Yucca. During the composting period, changes of temperature were showed traditionally composting trend. Volatile fatty acids were decreased regardless of treatments in functional ingredients supplementation. Organic matter, T-N and C/N ratio were showed higher bark treatments than other treatments. pH and EC were net differences among the treatments. P$_2$O$_{5}$ and $K_2$O were showed level of 1-3%. In heavy metal, Cr were showed higher in vermiculite treatment than other treatments. In conclusion, vermiculite and perlite treatments were greater composting effects than bark.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2001

The study was carried out to analysis of the pollutant $COD_{Mn}$, T-N, T-P for water quality proximated to sediment in lake of K river basin. water extracted from sediment showed higher $COD_{Mn}$, T-N, T-P datas than water proximated to sediment. Also, water proximated to sediment and water 5-10cm proximated to sediment showed the following data : $COD_{Mn}$, 1.2~1.9mg/L, T-N, 1.3~6.2mg/L, TP, 0.05~0.26mg/L, respectively. From this results, we have known the fact that the pollution degree of sediment have an effect on the water quality in lake and stream.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1989

In [1], Johnson and Lapidus introduced a family { $A_{t}$ :t>0} of Banach algebras of functionals on Wiener space and showed that for every F in $A_{t}$ , the analytic operator-valued function space integral $K_{\lambda}$$^{t}$ (F) exists for all nonzero complex numbers .lambda. with nonnegative real part. In [2,3] Johnson and Lapidus introduced a noncommtative multiplication having the property that if F.mem. $A_{t}$ $_{1}$ and G.mem. $A_{t}$ $_{2}$ then $F^{*}$G.mem. A$t_{1}$+$_{t}$ $_{2}$ and (Fig.) Note that for F, G in $A_{t}$ , $F^{*}$G is not in $A_{t}$ but rather is in $A_{2t}$ and so the multiplication * is not internal to the Banach algebra $A_{t}$ . In this paper we introduce an internal noncommutative multiplication on $A_{t}$ having the property that for F, G in $A_{t}$ , F G is in $A_{t}$ and (Fig.) for all nonzero .lambda. with nonnegative real part. Thus is an auxiliary binary operator on $A_{t}$ .TEX> .

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2018

This study was conducted to explore the effects of seeding rate of a seed mixture on grassland productivity and botanical composition. Seeding rates were composed of four different treatments varying by the amount of seed: T1, 50% decrease in seeding rate from standard; T2, standard seeding rate; T3, 50% increase in seeding rate from standard; and T4, 100% increase in seeding rate from standard. In 2016, seasonal changes in grass botanical composition revealed T2, T3, and T4 in portion of grass ratio were the highest with a range of 87-100%, whereas T1 was the lowest of all treatments. In 2017, the botanical composition in T1 showed that the grass ratio in of the first cutting was 91%, but in the fourth cutting its ratio decreased by 75%. The results from both years were combined for each treatment, T4 ($11,435kg\;ha^{-1}$) and T3 ($11,162kg\;ha^{-1}$) demonstrated the highest dry matter yield of the treatments (T1: $8,196kg\;ha^{-1}$; T2: $9,521kg\;ha^{-1}$) (p<0.05). As a result, a 50-100% increase in the seeding rate from the standard demonstrated the best grassland yield and botanical composition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.316-321
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• 2011

Generation of tryptophan-derived metabolites by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a potent immunoregulatory mechanism in T cell responses. However, the mechanism remains unclear. We showed that 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), the most potent metabolite, selectively induced apoptosis in activated T cells, but not in resting T cells. This was not associated with cell cycle arrest. We found that TRAIL expression was selectively induced in activated T cells by treatment of 3-HAA. Blockade of the TRAIL: DR4/DR5 pathway significantly inhibited 3-HAA-mediated T cell death. Our data suggest that TRAIL-induced apoptosis is involved in the mechanism of 3-HAA-mediated T cell death.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of blowing fan for reducing heat stress in lactating dairy cows in summer. Treatment conditions were divided into 3 types ; No blow(T1), blow to oblique angle(T2) and blow to right angle(T3). Feed intake milk yield, respiration rate, rectal temperature and plasma cortisol concenration were measured to investigate the effect of hot environment on the physiological, productive responses in lactating dairy cows. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The daily milk yields were 20.47, 22.82 and 24.31kg per head in T1, T2 and T3 during experimental period, respectively. The respiration rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1 than those of T2 and T3. The rectal temperature in T1(39.4$^{\circ}C$) was higher than those of T2(39.1$^{\circ}C$), (P<0.05). The plasma cortisol concentration was higher in T1 than those of T2 and T3(P<0.05). It was suggested that blowing fan installed in the pen was effective means to reduce heat stress.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

In this study, the effect of energy and protein ratio on the nutrient availability and body weight gain was determined to find the proper nutrient level for the stage of replacement dairy heifers before fertilization at approximately 12~24 months old after birth. Dry matter intake showed that the TDN/CP rate of T1 (5.0:1), T2 (4.5:1) and T3 (4.0:1) resulted in similar values. Among feces, the ash content of T1 was 11.07%, which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of T3 (9.69%). It was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of T2 (10.32%). When the TDN/CP rate was increased, the ash content in the feces was also increased. Regardless of the initial weight, weight gain was increased significantly as the CP rate in the feed was increased on the $30^{th}$ day. On the $60^{th}$ day, T2 showed the highest rate of gain (p < 0.05). As the TDN rate was decreased or the protein rate was increased, weight gain was significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Regarding GPT level in the blood after finishing the test, T1 and T3 (112.6, 88.3 u/l) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher value than T2 (50.9 u/l). For phosphorus level, T1 (46.3 mg/dl) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher value than other treatments. For HDL cholesterol level, T2 (145.2 mg/dl) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher level than T1 (121.0 mg/dl) or T3 (132.3 mg/dl). For triglyceride levels, T3 (40.6 mg/dl) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher value than T1 (20.7 mg/dl) and T2 (29.0 mg/dl). For other blood parameters including BUN concentration, there were no significant (p > 0.05) difference among treatments. As a result, although feed intake and weight gain with TDN/CP rate of 4:1 showed best results, considering the excess body fat accumulation possibilities or blood metabolism, it seems 4.5:1 ratio is most appropriate.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2024

The national diabetes and prediabetes prevalence rate has risen among Korean adolescents and adults. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly interrelated with genetic, metabolic, and environmental risk factors in clinical practice. In this study, we analyzed the association between genetic polymorphisms of the ABO gene with T2DM in the Korean population, we conducted an analysis of gene-phenotype correlation, based on an additive genetic model. A total of 8,840 subjects from the Korea Association REsource (KARE) were selected for this study. Using the genetic and epidemiologic data of 754 T2DM cases and 5721 normal controls from the KARE, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABO gene were analyzed for their genetic correlation. As a result, 8 SNPs out of the ABO gene demonstrated statistically significant association with T2DM. Among them, rs657152 in the ABO gene statistically showed the most significant correlation with T2DM (P-value=0.0084, OR=1.15, CI=1.04~1.28). The minor allele of A polymorphism within the intron genetic region of ABO directed increased risk of T2DM. This work reveals a significant association between genetic polymorphism in the ABO gene and T2DM. This finding suggested that ABO SNPs markers might be a genetic correlation to the etiology of T2DM.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of washing times on quality characteristics of chicken breast surimi. The surimi was prepare after 2 (C), 4 (T1) and 6 (T2) times washed with a ratio 6 : 1 distilled water-chicken breast meat. The moisture and crude protein content of T1 and T2 were higher than that of C. The myofibrillay protein and yield of C was higher (p<0.05) than those of T1 and T2. The pH of C was higher (p<0.05) compare to other treatments. The WHC was no significant differences between the all treatments. The shear force of all treatments were tended to higher as washing times increased. The breaking force and deformation value of T2 were lower than other treatments. The $L^{*}$ values in C and $b^{\ast}$ values in T1 were significantly (p<0.05) lower among the treatments group. The hardness and gumminess of T1 was higher (p<0.05) compared to T2. The springiness of treatments increased as washing times increased. The sensory score of surimi made from chicken breast meat was not affected by the washing times.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2009

This study aimed to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korea, a rapidly changing country. Data of 5,132 adults aged 20-85 were used from the 2001 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for T2D. Three models were specified: (i) socioeconomic and demographic factors (model 1: age, gender, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) behavioral risk factors and covariates (model 2: obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary quality, family history of T2D, co-morbidity) and (iii) socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors (model 3). The prevalence of T2D was 7.4%. Less education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), age (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.56-3.08 in 40-59 yrs, OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.76-5.95 in 60 yrs + comparing to 20-39 yrs) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.82) were risk factors for T2D even after controlling for other factors simultaneously. There was a significant association of T2D with ever smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). The relationship of age with T2D was modified by gender in model 1 and the relationship of smoking with T2D was modified by obesity in model 2. Less educated, older, obese or ever smokers were more likely to have T2D. Gender mediated the relationship of age, and obesity mediated the relationship of smoking, with T2D. Intervention programs for T2D in Korea should take the interactions among risk factors into account.