• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze chemical water quality, fish trophic guilds, tolerance indicators, and fish community conditions in the Gap Stream and to compare the stream conditions between the unimpacted site and impacted site. This study was conducted in the physically stable season (May 2008) to minimize physical impacts such as flow and hydrological disturbance, and applied the study in the Gap Stream with two sites of unimpacted upstream site (Unim-S), mainly surrounded by forested area and impacted site (Im-S), influenced by the wastewater disposal plants and industrial complex in the urban region. Chemical data analysis showed that the degree of organic matter pollution, based on BOD, and COD, was $2{\sim}3$ fold greater in the Im-S than the Unim-S, and that TP, as eutrophication indicators, was 4.7 fold greater in the Im-S. Also, $NH_3-N$ was in 8.2 fold greater in the Im-S ($6.25\;mg\;L^{-1}$) than the Unim-S ($0.76\;mg\;L^{-1}$), indicating a massive influence of wastewater from the disposal plant. Similar results were found in other chemical parameters. Thus, chemical impacts in the Im-S were evident, compared to the unimpacted site. Evaluations of tolerant indicator species indicated that sensitive species were dominant in the Unim-S (23.9%) and tolerant species were dominant (97.8%) in the Im-S. Condition factor (CF) was averaged 0.95 ($0.68{\sim}1.18$) in the Unim-S and 1.08 ($0.93{\sim}1.22$) in the Im-S. Fish community in the Unim-S and Im-S was categorized as Zacco-community and Hemibarbus-community, respectively, and the community diversity index (H') was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Unim-S (0.810) than the Im-S (0.466). Overall, our results suggest that the comparison approach of various chemical and ecological indicators provide important information in identifying multiple stressors in the stream ecosystems.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.273-288
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• 2008

Types of motivation for self-determination studied in the current research included intrinsic motivation (IM) to know, IM to accomplish, IM to experience stimulation; external, introjected, identified regulation; and amotivation as related to children's self-regulated learning strategies (use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation). The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990) and the Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992, 1993) were administered to 123 $5^{th}$ graders (63 girls, 60 boys). Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated that IM to accomplish, IM to know, and identified regulation positively and amotivation negatively affected self-regulated learning strategies. IM to accomplish and IM to know positively and amotivation negatively contributed to use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effect of supervisor-focused impression management behavior of the airline cabin crew on perceived customer empathy. It focused on verifying dual meanings of the crew's emotional expression divided into surface acting and deep acting. Research design, data and methodology: The survey was conducted on cabin crews of two major Korean airlines. The reliability and validity of each variable used in the questionnaire were verified. Then, each hypothesis was analyzed through multiple regression analysis. Results: Firstly, the crew's supervisor-focused impression management behavior had a significant effect only on surface acting of the crew's emotional labor behavior. Among the crew's supervisor-focused IM behaviors, verbal IM behavior had a greater influence on surface acting than non-verbal IM behavior. Secondly, there was no relationship between the crew's supervisor-focused IM behavior and the crew's deep acting. Thirdly, the crew's emotional labor behavior (surface acting & deep acting) had a significant effect on perceived customer empathy. Fourth, the crew's deep acting had a greater influence on perceived customer empathy than surface acting. Conclusions: Cabin crews receive double evaluation from their immediate supervisors and customers. As a result, it was confirmed that the crew's supervisor-focused IM behavior, the crew's emotional labor behavior, and perceived customer empathy were connected process.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2010

Objective : In this study, we try to identify the herbal formulated by Heo Im from Kyeongheombang(經驗方), and investigate its medical property. Method : Those articles referenced from Heo Im's herbal formulas in "Sauikyeongheombang(四醫經驗方)" were extracted and results were quantitatively analyzed. From extracted empirical formulas, those categorized as externally applicable formulas were grouped by several standards and their medical significance was analyzed. Results and Conclusions : 85 and 66 articles were designated to be referred from Heo(許) in "Sauikyeongheombang" and "Uibanghapbu(醫方合部)" in each category, and 263 and 155 were identified to be Heo Im formulas, respectively. Externally applicable formulas in Heo Im's empirical recipes have following characteristics. First, various methods were used by Heo Im. Second, Heo Im's empirical formulas suggest useful clinical information maximizing therapeutic effect, which is of much value, originated from his practical experiences as a clinician. Third, Heo Im's therapy favorably succeeds the tradition of Hyangyak-medicine and Empirical -medicine. From this information, Heo Im is thought to have had rich insight and experience, not only in acupuncture but also in the prescription of herbal formulas at those days.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

본 논문의 목적은 benfuracarb 원제(90.2%)에 함유된 불순물의 glutathione-S-transferase와 amidase에 대한 저해 특성과 해당 불순물의 구조를 밝히는데 있다. Benfuracarb 원제, 유효성분 및 불순물은 glutathione-S-transferase(GST)를 효과적으로 저해하였으나, 그 저해력은 GST 효소 저해제인 ethacrynic acid의 저해력보다는 낮았다. 즉, GST에 대한 benfuracarb 원제, 유효성분 및 불순물의 $I_{50}$은 각각 $9.7{\times}10^{-4}M,\;>1.0{\times}10^{-3}M,\;1.8{\times}10^{-4}M$이었으나, ethacrynic acid의 $I_{50}$은 $1.7{\times}10^{-5}M$이었다. Benfuracarb 원제, 유효성분 및 불순물은 amidase를 저해하였는데, 이들의 효소저해력은 iprobenfos의 저해력($I_{50},\;8.2{\times}10^{-7}M$)보다는 낮은 $6.0{\times}10^{-5}M,\;4.3{\times}10^{-4}M,\;7.6{\times}10^{-5}M$이었다. Benfuracarb 원제에는 4종의 불순물(IM $1{\sim}4$)이 검출되었는데, 이들 중 IM 2와 3은 GST와 amidase의 활성을 저해하였던 반면, IM 4는 효소활성을 저해하지 않았다. 이들 불순물 중 효소활성 저해특성을 갖는 IM 2와 3을 IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, LC-MS를 이용하여 구조를 분석한 결과, IM 2는 ethyl-N-isopropylamino propionate로, 그리고 IM 3은 ethyl-N-isopropyl-N-(chlorosulfenyl) aminopropionate로 확인되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2014

본 연구는 DeLone & McLean의 정보시스템 성공 모형을 이용하여 IMS의 성과측정을 위한 대안으로 IMS의 도입과 그 효과에 대한 실증적 분석을 수행하였다. 연구목적을 달성하고자 IMS 도입과 정보시스템 성공 모형에 대한 측정요소에 대한 문헌검토와 가설의 설정과 검증을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, IMS를 구축하고 운영하는 조직에서 담당자들의 IMS사용의도를 증가하기 위해서는 정보 품질, 시스템품질, 서비스 품질에 초점을 맞추어 IMS를 구축해야 하며, 최우선은 서비스 품질 쪽에 비중을 두어야 한다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 둘째, IMS를 구축하여 운영하는 조직의 담당자들의 만족도를 증가하기 위해서는 시스템 품질, 서비스 품질, 정보 품질에 초점을 맞추어 구축해야 한다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 마지막으로 성과에 영향을 주는 항목으로는 사용자 만족도보다는 사용자 의도가 더 중요하다는 점을 발견하였다.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제8집
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• pp.25-60
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• 2003

Die Pluralformen (-(e), -( e)n, -'e, -'er, -s) sind durch die Flexionsklassen detenniniert. Basierend auf Genus und prosodischen Eigenschaften werden Plural­klassen unterschieden. Unter den Substantiven mit konsonantischem Wortauslaut wahlen die Feminina den (e)n-Plural, die Maskulina und Neutra im Allgemeinen aber den (e)-Plural. Es ist also anzunehmen, dass es fur jede Flexionsklasse eine vorhersagbare regulare Pluralbildung gibt Die Bildungen mit Umlaut (-'(e)-PI. und -'er-Pl) unterscheiden sich durch die deutlicheren, $verst\"{a}rkten$ Pl.-Markierungen vom einfachen Typ. Im Hinblick auf die $Regularit\"{a]ten$ im Pluralsystem ist festzustellen, dass die Numerusmarkierung bei den Feminina konsequenter ist als bei den Maskulina und Neutra. Im Weiteren spielt bei der Beschreibung der Pluralbildung der Begriff Markiertheit eine $gro{\ss}e$ Rolle. $Anschlie{\ss}end$ wird gezeigt, dass das Pluralsystem nach $Beschr\"{a}nkungen$ aufgebaut ist, die silbenphonologischer und morphologischer Natur sind. Im Rahmen der $Optim\"{a}litatstheorie$ werden die Pluralanalysen von Wegener und Wunderlich vorgestellt. Dabei werden die verschiedenartigen Pluralbildungen mithilfe zusammengestellter Begriffsinstrumentarien, die $f\"{u}r$ die Auswahl einer guten Pluralform ausreichen, vereinfacht dargestellt. Damit bestatigt sich das Plural system im Deutschen als nach klaren Prinzipien geordnet, wenn es auch komplex ist. $Schlie{\ss}lich$ wird der s-Plural als markierte Pluralform $ausf\"{u}hrlich$ gezeigt. Die These, der s-Plural sei der Defaultwert und einzige $regul\"{a}re$ Plural im Deutschen, gilt nur mit $Einschr\"{a}nkung$, da dieser Typ $haupts\"{a}chlich$ in bestimmten Bereichen des Wortschatzes auftritt. Es $w\"{a}re$ also angebracht, den s-Plural als 'unmarkierte Pluralform im markierten Bereich' anzusehen.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

본 연구는 정보화경영체제의 운영이 조직행동 및 구성원의 성과에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있는 모형을 개발하고자 하였다. IMS의 운영과 조직성과에 대한 조사를 통하여 양자 간의 상관관계를 찾고자 하는 것이다. 그 결과 IMS를 인식하는 수준은 조직성과의 수준은 결정한다는 것을 발견하였으며 조직성과를 증진시키고 지속적인 경영을 수행하기 위해서는 IMS가 주요변수가 될 수 있다는 점을 제시하게 되었다. 향후 조직성과 분석과 효율적인 IMS의 운영방법에 대한 논의가 요구된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.777-785
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• 2016

IM(Instant Messenger)의 채팅메시지는 이용자의 생활패턴, 지리적 위치, 심리 상태, 범죄 사실에 대한 흔적들이 존재하여 포렌식 분석이 필요하다. 하지만, KakaoTalk의 포렌식 분석은 주고받은 상세메시지에 대한 분석이 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 논문은 우선 일반적인 IM 채팅메시지의 분석방법론을 정리 분석하였고, KakaoTalk의 상세 채팅메시지의 테이블 구조를 분석하여 메시지를 재구성하였고, 채팅메시지를 복원하였다. 그 결과 분석한 정보를 활용하면 Forensic Tool의 기본 플랫폼이 된다. 추가적으로 분석한 KakaoTalk과 WhatsApp을 비교 분석하여 비슷한 IM App이지만, 다른 흔적의 차이를 논의하였다.

• 의료법학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.183-201
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• 2009

Im Allgemeinen auch psychische Patienten k$\ddot{o}$nnen sich daruber selbst entscheiden, $\ddot{a}$rztliche Behandlung zu nehmen und ins Krankenhaus aufgenommen zu werden. Im S$\ddot{u}$dkorea bei der zwangsweisen Unterbringung wird kein KBGB des privatlichen Rechts, sondern Gesetz $\ddot{u}$ber psychisch Gesundheitspflege des $\ddot{o}$ffentlichen Rechts vorz$\ddot{u}$glich verwandt. Aber das noch kann ein selbst Bestimmungsrecht von der psychischen Patient verletzen. Im Deutschland regelt BGB $\S$ 1906 Zwangsunterbringung der psychische Patienten, die Gef$\ddot{a}$hr des Selbstmord oder der Eigengef$\ddot{a}$hrdung haben. Au$\ss$erdemhat jedes Land eigen Gesetz $\ddot{u}$ber psychischen Kranken, das $\ddot{o}$ffentliche Vorschrift f$\ddot{u}$r Zwangsunterbringung regelt. Im Fall der Zwangsunterbringung im Deutschland BGB $\S$ 1906 wird prim$\ddot{a}$rer als $\ddot{o}$ffentlich Rechts verwandt, um die Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Patienten zu unterstutzen. Auch im Korea KBGB (koreanisches B$\ddot{u}$rgerliches Gesetzbuch) Ver$\ddot{a}$nderungen f$\ddot{u}$r die Einf$\ddot{u}$hrung des Betreuungsrechts, die sich mit der Zwangsunterbringung befassen, sollten diskutiert werden, damit die Selbstbestimmung sch$\ddot{a}$tzen.