• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.433-438
• /
• 2007

Let $\mathbb{A}=\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ and $k=\mathbb{F}_q(T)$. Assume q is odd, and fix a prime divisor ${\ell}$ of q - 1. Let P be a monic irreducible polynomial in A whose degree d is divisible by ${\ell}$. In this paper we define a subgroup $\tilde{C}_F$ of $\mathcal{O}^*_F$ which is generated by $\mathbb{F}^*_q$ and $\{{\eta}^{{\tau}^i}:0{\leq}i{\leq}{\ell}-1\}$ in $F=k(\sqrt[{\ell}]{P})$ and calculate the unit-index $[\mathcal{O}^*_F:\tilde{C}_F]={\ell}^{\ell-2}h(\mathcal{O}_F)$. This is a generalization of [3, Theorem 16.15].

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 1988

The potential natural vegetation of Naejangsan national park area, southwestern Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification, ordinatins and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the area was made in scale 1:25, 000, including ten communities of Pinus densiflora, quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Daphnipyllum macropodum, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus aliena-Carpinus tschonoskii, Cornus controversa-Lindera erythrocarpa, Torreya mucifera-Zelkova serrate and Acer mono-Zelkova serrata community. The analyses of species richness, age structure and various informations on vegetation changes suggest the three pathways of late stage succession from P. densiflora forest to climatic climax. The first of them is through Q. variabilis forest to Q. monogolica forest in the upper parts of the mountain, the second through Q. variabilis and Q. serrata forest to C. laxiflora forest in the middle parts and the third through Q. aliena forest to C. tschonoskii forest in lower parts. Considering the actual vegetation and informations on the vegetation changes including human activities, the potential natural vegetation of the mountain mainly composed of Q. monogolica, C. laxiflora, C. tschonoskii, P. densiflora and Z. serrata forest as climatic climax and/or edaphic climax was inferred. The present situration of nature conservation in the area was estimated by the examination on the actual vegetation and potential natural vegetation map.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.566-573
• /
• 2014

국가장기생태 연구사업의 일환으로 낙엽활엽수인 신갈나무와 상록침엽수인 소나무 낙엽의 분해율 및 분해과정에 따른 영양염류 함량 변화를 파악하였다. 이를 위해 2005년 12월 월악산의 신갈나무림과 소나무림에 낙엽주머니를 설치하고 2006년 3월부터 2011년 9월까지 69개월간 3개월 간격으로 낙엽주머니를 수거하여 분해율, 분해상수(k), 그리고 분해과정에 따른 C/N비, C/P비의 변화와 영양염류의 동태를 조사하였다. 분해 69개월경과 후 신갈나무와 소나무 낙엽의 잔존률은 각각 $35.4{\pm}2.3%$와 $16.1{\pm}1.3%$로 소나무 낙엽의 분해가 신갈나무 낙엽의 분해보다 빠르게 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. 분해 69개월경과 후 신갈나무 낙엽과 소나무 낙엽의 분해상수(k)는 각각 5.97과 10.50으로 소나무 낙엽의 분해상수가 높게 나타났다. 신갈나무 낙엽의 분해과정에 따른 C/N, C/P 비율은 초기에 각각 43.1, 543.9이었으나 69개월경과 후에는 각각 8.7과 141.2로 점차 감소하였으며, 소나무 낙엽의 경우 초기 C/N, C/P 비율은 각각 151.2와 391.4로 나타났고, 분해 69개월경과 후에는 각각 22.9와 136.5로 나타났다. 낙엽의 초기 N, P, K, Ca, Mg의 함량은 신갈나무 낙엽에서 각각 9.30, 0.23, 2.36, 3.14, 1.11mg/g, 소나무 낙엽에서 각각 3.02, 0.09, 1.00, 3.84, 0.62mg/g으로 신갈나무 낙엽에서 질소와 인의 함량이 현저히 높았다. 분해 69개월경과 후 N, P, K, Ca, Mg의 잔존률은 신갈나무 낙엽에서 각각 73.8, 60.9, 17.2, 20.3, 35.1%, 소나무 낙엽에서 각각 69.5, 75.3, 12.3, 10.9, 10.8%로 나타났다.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.1109-1126
• /
• 2013

Let $\mathbb{M}^3_q(c)$ denote the 3-dimensional space form of index $q=0,1$, and constant curvature $c{\neq}0$. A curve ${\alpha}$ immersed in $\mathbb{M}^3_q(c)$ is said to be a Bertrand curve if there exists another curve ${\beta}$ and a one-to-one correspondence between ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ such that both curves have common principal normal geodesics at corresponding points. We obtain characterizations for both the cases of non-null curves and null curves. For non-null curves our theorem formally agrees with the classical one: non-null Bertrand curves in $\mathbb{M}^3_q(c)$ correspond with curves for which there exist two constants ${\lambda}{\neq}0$ and ${\mu}$ such that ${\lambda}{\kappa}+{\mu}{\tau}=1$, where ${\kappa}$ and ${\tau}$ stand for the curvature and torsion of the curve. As a consequence, non-null helices in $\mathbb{M}^3_q(c)$ are the only twisted curves in $\mathbb{M}^3_q(c)$ having infinite non-null Bertrand conjugate curves. In the case of null curves in the 3-dimensional Lorentzian space forms, we show that a null curve is a Bertrand curve if and only if it has non-zero constant second Frenet curvature. In the particular case where null curves are parametrized by the pseudo-arc length parameter, null helices are the only null Bertrand curves.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2020

KASS(Korea Augmentation Satellite System)는 국토교통부에서 2014년부터 개발 중인 한국형 위성항법보강시스템이다. KASS는 항공기 안전에 영향을 미칠수 있는 항공용 시스템이기 때문에 KASS의 각 소프트웨어는 안전성 분석을 통해 할당된 DO-178B의 소프트웨어 레벨에 따라 개발이 수행된다. KASS의 하위시스템인 통합운영국의 경우 일부 소프트웨어를 제외하고는 DO-178B 레벨E를 할당 받았으며 DO-178B 레벨E 소프트웨어의 경우 제품 보증을 위해 ECSS-Q-ST-80C 카테고리 D를 준수하여 개발하도록 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ECSS-Q-ST-80C를 만족하기 위해 ECSS-E-ST-40C, ECSS-Q-HB-80-04A를 분석하여 KASS 통합운영국 소프트웨어의 제품 보증을 위한 소프트웨어 생명 주기 별 활동 및 소프트웨어 품질 모델, 메트릭을 제안한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제103권4호
• /
• pp.537-546
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 지리산 서부권역의 천연림을 대상으로 7가지로 분류된 산림피복유형(신갈나무 순림형, 신갈나무-졸참나무림형, 중생혼합림형, 구상나무-신갈나무림형, 들메나무림형, 졸참나무림형, 서어나무림형)별로 생태적 특성을 설명하고, 각 유형별로 천이경향을 추정하였다. 고도가 높은 능선에 분포하는 신갈나무 순림형과 구상나무-신갈나무림형의 종다양성지수가 가장 낮게 나왔으며, 계곡에 주로 분포하는 중생혼합림형과 들메나무림형의 종다양성지수가 높게 나타났다. 종다양성과 지형조건을 바탕으로 추정한 산림피복유형들의 천이경향은 다음과 같다. 1) 능선부의 신갈나무 순림형과 구상나무-신갈나무림형은 신갈나무-구상나무림형으로, 2) 능선부과 산복부 사이의 신갈나무-졸참나무림형은 신갈나무-서어나무-까치박달림형으로, 3) 산복부의 졸참나무림형은 졸참나무-신갈나무-서어나무림형으로 천이가 진행 될 것이라 예상된다. 4) 주로 계곡에 분포하고 있는 중생혼합림형, 들메나무림형, 서어나무림형은 현재의 상태를 계속적으로 유지할 것으로 파악되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.329-338
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this study were to : a) develop the quality assessment tool of hospital foodservice management, b) evaluate the S hospital's foodservice quality by this tool, and c) do the feasibility study about this tool in hospital food-service field by establishing quality management strategies. The developed quality assessment tool of hospital food-service management was consisted of 20 items for quality evaluation by Likert 5 point scale and two additional questions with the most satisfactory item and the most unsatisfactory item. As a result of evaluation, S hospital's foodservice quality was somewhat high, on the factor 'personnel attitude', especially. The IPA technique proved nine items including Q5, Q7, Q8, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q15, Q16, Q17 were in 'Doing Great, Keep It Up' and seven items such as Q1, Q2, Q3, Q6, Q9, Q18, Q19 that got high expectation and low perception needed to be focused in quality management strategy.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.523-534
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we consider the weighted Bloch spaces ${\mathcal{B}}_q$(q > 0) on the open unit ball in ${\mathbb{C}}^n$. We prove a certain integral representation theorem that is used to determine the degree of growth of the functions in the space ${\mathcal{B}}_q$ for q > 0. This means that for each q > 0, the Banach dual of $L_a^1$ is ${\mathcal{B}}_q$ and the Banach dual of ${\mathcal{B}}_{q,0}$ is $L_a^1$ for each $q{\geq}1$.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2004

Soil respiration rate was measured from March to November 2003 using the KOH absorption method in Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Platycarya strobilacea stands in Jinju, Gyeongnam Province. Throughout the study period, average soil temperature and moisture content were 16.2$^{\circ}C$, 25.1% for P. densiflora stand, 17.1$^{\circ}C$, 24.3% for Q. variabilis stand, and 17.6$^{\circ}C$, 25.1% for P. strobilacea stand, respectively. The seasonal fluctuations of soil respiration rate increasing in summer and decreasing in winter, which there were strong positive correlations of soil respiration and soil temperature in all study stands. However, there were no significant correlations between soil moisture and soil respiration. Soil respiration rates throughout the study period ranged from 0.12 to 0.77 for P. densiflora stand, 0.23 to 1.37 for Q. valiabilis stand, and 0.30 to 1.47 g $CO_2\cdotm^{-2}\cdothr^{ -1}$ for P. strobilacea stand, respectively. Mean soil respiration rates in P. densiflora, Q. variabilis, P. strobilacea stands were 0.43, 0.80, and 0.90 g $CO_2\cdotm^{-2}\cdothr^{ -1}$, respectively. The Q$_{10}$ values were 2.38 for P. densiflora stand, 2.11 for Q. variabilis stand, and 2.07 for P. strobilacea stand. Annual total soil respiration was 24 for P. densiflora stand, 49.3 for Q. variabilis stand, and 55.3 t $CO_2\cdotha^{-1}\cdotyr^{ -1}$ for P. strobilacea stand, respectively.y.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.35-56
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we classify all nonconstant smooth CR maps from a sphere $S_{n,1}{\subset}\mathbb{C}^n$ with n > 3 to the Shilov boundary $S_{p,q}{\subset}\mathbb{C}^{p{\times}q}$ of a bounded symmetric domain of Cartan type I under the condition that p - q < 3n - 4. We show that they are either linear maps up to automorphisms of $S_{n,1}$ and $S_{p,q}$ or D'Angelo maps. This is the first classification of CR maps into the Shilov boundary of bounded symmetric domains other than sphere that includes nonlinear maps.