• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.375-381
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate Na and K balances in healthy adult women. Anthropometric assessments, biochemical analysis of blood, 3-day dietary flood records and collections of 3-day food, 24-hr urine and faces were performed to evaluate intakes and excretions of Na and K in 20 college women living in Seoul. The mean BMI and blood pressure of the subjects were 21.08 and 110.25/67.50mmHg, respectively. Mean daily intake of energy was 1578.84kcal, 79% of Korean RDA. Also, daily intakes of Na and K ware 120.86mEq and 44.20mEq. The urinary and fecal excretions of Na were 99.88 and 4.45mEq/day, and those of K were 30.41 and 8.66mEq/day, respectively. The body retention, retention rate, and apparent absorption of Na were 17.11mEq, 13.23%, and 96.31%, and those of K were 5.82mEq, 8.69%, and 80.12%, respectively. The urinary and fecal Na/K ratio were 3.48 and 0.52. There were significantly positive correlations between 1) urinary Na, K excretions and intakes of Na or K, 2) urinary K and BMI, 3) serum K and serum globulin, and 4) urinary Na excretion and serum haptoglobin level, respectively. The results of this study show that Na intake was higher and K intake was lower than those of other advanced nations. Therefore, nutrition education show instruct people to reduce Na intake and to increase K intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.560-563
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• 2004

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of naked neck gene on mortality, cell mediated and humoral immune response in white plumage broiler population. The mortality of homozygous naked neck (Na/Na) broilers (11.71%) was comparatively lower than that of heterozygous naked neck (Na/na) (12.28%) and normally feathered (na/na) (13.59%) broilers. The humoral immune response was measured against (1% v/v) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) for total haemagglutinin (HA) antibody, 2-mercaptoethanol resistance (MER) or (IgG) antibody and 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive (MES) or (IgM) antibody titre on 7 days post-immunization. The titre was expressed as log2 of the highest dilution which shows complete haemagglutination. Total HA titers of Na/Na and Na/na (11.05$\pm$0.53 and 11.09$\pm$0.38) were comparatively higher than that of na/na (10.26$\pm$0.42). The MES antibody titre of Na/Na (8.50$\pm$0.53) and Na/na (7.63$\pm$0.45) broilers were significantly higher as compared to na/na (6.11$\pm$0.32) broilers. The MER titre of na/na genetic group (4.15$\pm$0.42) was significantly higher than Na/Na (2.55$\pm$0.37) and comparatively higher than Na/na (3.45$\pm$0.38) broilers. In vivo cell response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), measured as Foot Index (FI) in mm expressed significantly higher response in Na/na (0.473$\pm$0.05) and Na/Na (0.413$\pm$0.04) broilers as compared to na/na (0.304$\pm$0.03) broilers. The result of present study suggested that white plumage naked neck broilers had better immune response as compared to normally feathered broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1776-1783
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• 2002

A population segregating for the naked neck (Na) gene was used to evaluate its effect on fast growing broilers at heat stress. An experimental stock comparable to those of modern broilers was established by backcrossing to colour synthetic male and female lines. Matings between heterozygous (Na/na) males and females produced normally feathered (na/na), heterozygous (Na/na) and homozygous (Na/Na) chicks for the present study. Day old to seven week old coloured broilers of three genotypes viz. normally feathered (na/na), heterozygous naked neck (Na/na) and homozygous naked neck (Na/Na) were compared for heat dissipation, growth performance, body conformation traits, blood biochemical parameters and carcass traits in tropical climate. In hot climate, naked neck broilers had significantly less body temperature and better heat dissipation capabilities as compared to normal broilers. The naked neck broilers had significantly higher body weight and better feed conversion ratio than na/na broilers. The Na/Na or Na/na broilers exhibited higher giblet yield, blood loss and lower feather mass compared to na/na broilers. The results indicated that the reduction in feather coverage in Na/Na and Na/na broilers facilitates better heat dissipation with lower body temperature, more body weight gain, better FCR and carcass traits compared to normal broilers.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.871-879
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• 1993

Effects of K2SO4 and Na2SO4 on C3S formation and its microstructure were investigated. C3S formation was not influenced by addition up to 6.0wt% of K2SO4 as SO3 base, however it was prevented by only 1.0wt% of Na2SO4 addition. C3S prevention by added Na2SO4 was the reason why C2S stabilized by Na+ and SO42- could not react to C3S. Added K2SO4 appeared as K2SO4, however added Na2SO4 appeared as the form of Na2xCa3-xAl2O6, (Na0.8Ca0.1)SO4 and Na2SO4 in interstitial phase.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.185-188
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 FT-NMR 분광기를 사용하여 $NaMgCl_3$ 단결정의 구성 원자인 $^{23}Na$ 원자핵에 대한 핵 자기 공명 실험을 하였다. 이로부터 $^{23}Na$ 원자핵이 모결정 내에서 입방정계 대칭성 내에 존재한다는 것을 알았고, 200 K~410 K 온도 범위에서 $^{23}Na$ 원자핵에 대한 스핀-격자 완화 시간 $T_1$을 온도 변화에 따라 계산하였다. 온도가 증가함에 따라서 $^{23}Na$ 원자핵의 $T_1$ 값이 점차적으로 감소하였다. 스핀-격자 완화율 $1/T_1$ 이 온도 T에 선형적으로 비례하였고, $^{23}Na$ 원자핵의 스핀-격자 완화 메커니즘을 $^{23}Na$ 원자핵 스핀과 단일 포논이 직접적으로 작용하는 직접과정(direct process)으로 설명하였다. 또한 $^{23}Na$ 원자핵의 활성화 에너지를 계산하여 $E_a=4.82J/mol$를 얻었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2000

음식물쓰레기 퇴비 시용이 담수 조건의 벼 생육과 수량, 체내 양이온 균형 및 토양의 Na 집적 등에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 폿트 실험을 하였다. 처리로는 무처리, NPK, NPK에 NaCl을 3수준(300, 600, $900kgha^{-1}$)으로 시용한 처리, 음식물쓰레기 퇴비와 돈분발효 퇴비를 각각 3수준(30, 60, $90Mgha^{-1}$)으로 한 처리 등을 두었다. 음식물쓰레기 퇴비는 $Na_2O$ 함량이 2.2%로 높았다. 이앙 직후 활착기간 중 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 $40Mgha^{-1}$ > NPK+NaCl $900kgha^{-1}$ > 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 $20Mgha^{-1}$ 순으로 심한 위조 현상을 보였으며, 그 원인으로 판단되는 토양용액 중의 EC와 유기산 함량이 음식물쓰레기 되비 $40Mgha^{-1}$ 처리에서 매우 높았다. NaCl을 $900kgha^{-1}$까지 시용하여도 대조구인 NPK구에 비하여 유의성 있는 수확기 건물중의 감소가 일어나지 않았다. 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 시용은 시용량에 관계없이 수확기 건물중을 감소시킨 반면, 돈분발효퇴비는 $40Mgha^{-1}$까지 시용량이 증가될수록 건물중을 증가시켰다. NPK + NaCl처리들과 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 처리들에서 Na 시용량이 증가될수록 수확기 식물체 중 Na 함량이 직선적으로 증가되었다. Na 당량비도 Na 함량과 같은 경향이었으며, Na 당량비와 K 당량비 사이에는 고도의 유의성있는 부의 상관관계를 보였다. Na와 K의 당량비 및 Na/K 당량비 비율은 처리간 편차가 매우 컸던 반면, Na+K 당량비 합은 편차가 적어 상당부분 Na의 K에 대한 생리적 대체가 인정되었다. Na 이용률은 NaCl과 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 처리들에서 12~22%를 나타내었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2010

메탄 속에 포함되어 있는 TBM, THT, DMS 등의 유기 황 화합물에 대한 흡착 제거가 NaY와 CuNaY 제올라이트를 이용하여 303 K, 대기압 조건하에서 수행되었다. 삼성분계 흡착시스템 실험을 통해, NaY에서는 THT의 선택적 흡착이 목격되었으며, CuNaY에서는 모든 유기 황 화합물의 동시 흡착이 일어났다. 이러한 현상은 파과흡착곡선, 승온탈착, 겉보기 탈착 활성화 에너지 등의 실험결과로 부터 설명될 수 있었다. 황에 대한 흡착능은 CuNaY(2.90~3.20 mmol/g)가 NaY(0.70~0.90 mmol/g)보다 매우 우수하였다. 본 연구결과는 CuNaY에 존재하는 $Cu^{1+}$ 흡착점과 강한 산의 세기가 황 원자와의 강한 상호작용을 유발하여 높은 황 흡착능을 갖게 하는 것으로 이해된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2016

This study evaluated the growth kinetics of Salmonella spp. in processed meat products formulated with low sodium nitrite (NaNO₂). A 5-strain mixture of Salmonella spp. was inoculated on 25-g samples of sausages formulated with sodium chloride (NaCl) (1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) and NaNO₂ (0 and 10 ppm) followed by aerobic or vacuum storage at 10℃ and 15℃ for up to 816 h or 408 h, respectively. The bacterial cell counts were enumerated on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, and the modified Gompertz model was fitted to the Salmonella cell counts to calculate the kinetic parameters as a function of NaCl concentration on the growth rate (GR; Log CFU/g/h) and lag phase duration (LPD; h). A linear equation was then fitted to the parameters to evaluate the effect of NaCl concentration on the kinetic parameters. The GR values of Salmonella on sausages were higher (p<0.05) with 10 ppm NaNO₂ concentration than with 0 ppm NaNO₂. The GR values of Salmonella decreased (p<0.05) as NaCl concentration increased, especially at 10℃. This result indicates that 10 ppm NaNO₂ may increase Salmonella growth at low NaCl concentrations, and that NaCl plays an important role in inhibiting Salmonella growth in sausages with low NaNO₂.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.342-346
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• 2015

The nuclear magnetic resonance of the $^{23}Na$ nucleus in a $NaBrO_3$ single crystal was investigated at the temperature range of 200 K~410 K. The tendencies of temperature dependence of the nuclear quadrupole coupling for the two magnetically inequivalent Na(I) and Na(II) centers are found to be opposite to each other. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation mechanism of $^{23}Na$ in the $NaBrO_3$ crystal is investigated, and the result revealed that the Raman process is dominant in the temperature range investigated. The relaxation process of the $^{23}Na$ nuclear spins was well described by a single exponential function in time. The $T_1$ values of the $^{23}Na$ nuclei in the $NaBrO_3$ single crystal decreased with increasing temperature. The calculated activation energy for the $^{23}Na$ is $0.032{\pm}0.002eV$.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.175-178
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• 1995

Czochralski 방법에 의해 성장된 $NaMnCl_{3}$ 단결정에서 $^{23}Na$의 핵자기공명의 온도 의존성이 Bruker FT NMR 분광기를 이용하여 연구하였다. $NaMnCl_{3}$에서 $^{23}Na$의 핵 사중극 결합상수는 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 140-380 K의 온도 범위에서 $e^{2}qQ/h$의 온도 의존성은 $e^{2}qQ/h=155+0.117(T-T_{r})\;kHz$의 직선방정식으로 나타낼 수 있었다.