• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.598-603
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• 2014

The level of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), a long-lived greenhouse gas, in atmosphere has increased mainly due to anthropogenic sources, especially application of nitrogen fertilizers. Quantifying $N_2O$ emission in the agricultural field is essential to develop National inventories of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. The objective of this study was to develop emission factor to estimate direct $N_2O$ emission from agricultural field by measuring $N_2O$ emissions in the red pepper cultivating field from 2010 to 2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated from accumulated $N_2O$ emission, nitrogen fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission was $0.0086{\pm}0.00043kg$ $N_2O-N\;kg^{-1}$ N resulted from three year experiment of the research sites. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

In this study, the $N_2O$ emission factor of the facility was developed by measuring the kiln type pyrolysis melting facility. This used PAS (Photoacoustic Spectroscopy) method and measured the $N_2O$ emission concentration. From March 2016 to April 2016, it was measured over a total of two times and $N_2O$ concentrations were measured continuously for 24 hours using a 24 hour continuous measuring instrument (LSE-4405). The measured $N_2O$ emission concentration of the pyrolysis melting facility was 0.263 ppm on average and the emission concentration distribution in the range of 0.013~0.733 ppm was obtained. Therefore, the $N_2O$ emission factor of the kiln-type pyrolysis melting facility was estimated to be $0.829gN_2O/ton$-Waste. As a result of comparing the $N_2O$ emission factor of the thermal kiln type pyrolysis melting facility and the previous study, previous studies were about 18 times higher. It is estimated that this is due to the difference of furnace temperature, oxygen concentration and denitrification facilities. It is considered that the study of the emission factor of pyrolysis melting facility is an important factor in improving the credibility of greenhouse gas inventory in waste incineration sector.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2015

The level of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), a long-lived greenhouse gas, in atmosphere has increased mainly due to anthropogenic sources, especially application of nitrogen fertilizers. Quantifying $N_2O$ emission in the agricultural field is essential to develop national inventories of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. The objective of this study was to develop an emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the Chinese cabbage during autumn season in 2010-2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated over three years experiment using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, nitrogen fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission was $0.0058{\pm}0.00254kg\;N_2O-N\;kg^{-1}\;N$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices as well as crop species.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2013

The level of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), a long-lived greenhouse gas, in atmosphere has increased mainly due to anthropogenic source, especially application of nitrogen fertilizers. Quantifying $N_2O$ emission from agricultural field is essential to develop national inventories of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. The objective of the study was to develop emission factor to estimate direct $N_2O$ emission from agricultural field in Gangwon-do, Korea by measuring $N_2O$ emissions from potato (Solanum tuberosum), red pepper (Capsicum annum L.), and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) cultivation lands from 2009 to 2012. Accumulated $N_2O$ emission was $1.48{\pm}0.25kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for red pepper, $1.27{\pm}0.27kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for potato, $1.49{\pm}0.06kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage cultivated in spring, and $1.14{\pm}0.22kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for fall Chinese cabbage. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated from accumulated $N_2O$ emission, nitrogen fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission was $0.0051{\pm}0.0016kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ N for cropland in Gangwon province. More extensive study is deserved to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factor for upland crops in Korea through examining the emission factors from various regions and crops because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.720-730
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• 2016

Greenhouse-gas emission factors are widely used to estimate emissions arising from a defined unit of a specific activity. Such estimates are used both for international reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and for myriad national and sub-national reporting purposes (for example, European Union Emissions Trading Scheme; EU ETS). As with the other so-called 'Kyoto protocol GHGs', the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a methodology for national and sub-national estimation of $N_2O$ emissions, based on the sector from which the emissions arise. The objective of this study was to develop a integrated emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the red pepper, soy bean, spring cabbage, autumn cabbage and potato in 2010~2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, N fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission over three year experiment was $0.00596{\pm}0.001337kg$ $N_2O-N(N\;kg)^{-1}$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.

• 청정기술
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 도시고형폐기물 소각시설을 대상으로 2018년 8월 27일부터 2018년 10월 22일 동안 총 3회에 걸쳐 도시고형폐기물의 소각에 의해 발생되는 $N_2O$ 농도를 24시간 동안 연속적으로 측정하여 발생량과 배출특성을 조사하였으며, 배출가스 중 $N_2O$ 농도측정은 비분산 적외선 분석기(NDIR)를 이용하였다. $N_2O$ 배출특성을 조사한 결과 도시고형폐기물 소각시설의 $N_2O$ 발생량 및 발생농도는 폐기물의 성상 보다는 소각시설의 소각로 온도와 산소농도 같은 운전조건에 따라 상이하게 발생하는 것으로 판단된다. 도시고형폐기물 소각시설의 $N_2O$ 일일평균 발생농도는 53.6 ~ 59.5 ppm이며, 전체 평균농도는 55.6 ppm으로 측정되었다. 또한 $N_2O$ 농도를 이용하여 계산된 $N_2O$ 발생량은 $90.41{\sim}108.44kg\;day^{-1}$이며, 평균 발생량은 $98.05kg\;day^{-1}$로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 도시고형폐기물 소각시설의 $N_2O$ 배출계수를 산출한 결과 $1,066.13g_{N_2O}\;ton_{waste^{-1}}$로 생활폐기물의 Tier 2 방법으로 산출된 $N_2O$ 배출계수에 비해 약 20배 정도 높은 결과를 얻었다. 따라서, 폐기물 종류와 소각량을 이용한 폐기물 소각시설의 $N_2O$ 발생량 산출방식은 정확성에 대한 보완이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2015

우리나라 밭토양에서 국가고유의 온실가스 배출계수를 개발하기 위하여 2010년부터 2012년까지 봄 배추를 대상으로 재배기간 동안에 $N_2O$를 포집분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 봄 배추 밭에서의 $N_2O$ 배출량은 정식 후 생육초기인 1개월 정도까지 높게 유지되다가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 생육초기에 수원지역의 $N_2O$ 배출량이 춘천지역보다 높았는데, 이는 수원의 강수량이 상대적으로 높은데 기인한다고 볼수 있다. 질소비료 시용량이 많을수록 $N_2O$ 배출량이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 회귀분석한 결과를 보면 99.8%의 상관성이 보였다. 본 연구에서 3년 동안의 봄 배추 재배기간 중 $N_2O$ 배출량을 분석하여 산정한 국가고유 $N_2O$ 배출계수는 0.0056kg Kg $N_2O-N/kg$ N이였다. 이러한 연구결과는 국가고유 $N_2O$ 배출계수를 등록과 더불어 국가 온실가스 배출량 산정에 적용하여 국가 및 지자체의 온실가스 배출량 감축에도 기여할 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1232-1238
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• 2011

아산화질소 ($N_2O$)는 가장 중요한 지구온난화 가스 중의 하나로 농업용으로 시용한 비료의 생물학적인 변환에 의한 것이 가장 큰 배출 원인으로 알려져 있다. 우리나라 농경지로부터 아산화질소의 간접배출 특성 및 배출량을 밝히기 위해 2007부터 2010년 까지 4년간 경남지방의 농업용관정의 지하수 질소성분들을 분석한 결과, 총 질소의 경우 평균 6.91, 질산태질소는 $5.06mg-N\;L^{-1}$이었다. 용존 아산화질소의 농도는 평균 $14.2{\mu}g-N\;L^{-1}$, 중앙값은 $7.8{\mu}g-N\;L^{-1}$, 최고값은 $169.6{\mu}g-N\;L^{-1}$로 분포하였다. 지하수 중의 총 질소나 질산태질소의 농도는 연도나 시기별로 큰 차이가 없었으나 용존 아산화질소 농도는 연도별로는 2009년에 시기별로는 8월이 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 우리나라 지하수 중의 $N_2O$-N 농도와 $NO_3$-N 농도비는 평균값이 0.0034, 중앙값이 0.0018이며, 95% 이상이 IPCC 가이드라인의 default 값인 0.015 이하에 분포하고 있어 IPCC가 1996 가이드라인의 농경지 지하유출에 의한 간접배출계수 ($EF_{5-g}$) 0.015 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$가 우리나라의 환경보다 너무 높게 선정된 것임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 IPCC의 $EF_{5-g}$ default 값인 0.015 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$ 대신 우리나라 농경지 지하수 중의 $N_2O$-N와 $NO_3$-N 농도비의 평균값인 0.0034 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$을 농경지 질소의 지하유출에 의한 아산화질소 간접배출량 평가를 위한 국가고유 배출계수 ($EF_{5-g}$)로 제시코자 하며, 따라서 농경지에서 수계유출에 의한 아산화질소 전체의 간접 배출계수 ($EF_{5-g}+EF_{5-r}+EF_{5-e}$)는 현재 우리나라의 국가 배출량평가에 사용되는 IPCC default값 0.025 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$ 대신 0.0134 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$를 제시코자 한다. IPCC의 수계 간접 배출계수인 0.025 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$을 적용하여 평가한 2008년 우리나라 농경지에서 질소의 수계유출에 의한 아산화질소 배출량은 1,801,576톤 ($CO_2$-eq)이었으나 본 연구에서 제시한 배출계수인 0.0134 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$을 적용할 경우 964,645톤 ($CO_2$-eq)으로 835,931톤 ($CO_2$-eq)의 온실가스 배출 감축효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 하지만 본 연구에서 제시한 배출계수는 질소 유출경로 중 가장 비중이 큰 지하침출에 의한 배출계수인 $EF_{5-g}$ 뿐으로 우리나라 농경지 아산화질소 간접배출량의 올바른 평가를 위해서는 앞으로 시용된 질소 중 수계를 통한 외부 유출 비율에 관한 default 값인 $Frac_{LEACH}$ (30%), 표면수 유출계수인 $EF_{5-r}$ (0.0075 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$), 그리고 하천변을 통해 유출되는 계수인 $EF_{5-e}$ (0.0025 $N_2O-N/NO_3-N$ )에 관한 추가적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

The power plants are one of the GHG major source among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion, therefore information of its emission factors is very essential to the establishing control strategies for the greenhouse gas emissions. The $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ concentration from power plants were measured using GC-FID and GC-ECD. The results showed that $CH_4$ emission factor was 0.33 kg/TJ and $N_2O$ emission factor was 0.88 kg/TJ. The $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emission factors developed in this study were compared with those for IPCC default value and other countries emission factors. The results showed that $CH_4$ emission factor was lower than IPCC default value and Finnish emission factor, but higher than Japanese emission factor. $N_2O$ emission factor was higher Japanese emission factor and IPCC default emission factor however lower than Finnish emission factor. More research is needed on our own emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position in international negotiations regarding the treaties on climate changes.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2015

In this study GC and PAS were used to calculate $N_2O$ concentration of exhaust gas from Wood Chip combustion system. Fuel supplied to the incinerator was collected and analyzed and then the analysis result was used to calculate $N_2O$ emissions. Tier 3 and Tier 4 Method were used to calculate the $N_2O$ emissions. Plant's Specific emission factor of $N_2O$ by Tier 3 Method was 0.35 kg/TJ, while default emission factor of Wood?Wood Waste proposed by 2006 IPCC G/L was 4 kg/TJ. So the $N_2O$ emission factor of this study was 3.65 kg/TJ lower compared to the IPCC G/L. The total emissions calculated by Plant's specific emission factor was 4.22 kg during the measuring period, but by Tier 4 Method it was 7.88 kg. This difference in emissions was caused by the difference of continuous measuring and intermittent sampling. It would be necessary to apply continuous measuring to calculate emissions of $Non-CO_2$ gas whose the density distribution is relatively high. However currently, according to the target management guideline of greenhouse gas and energy, the continuous measuring method to calculate greenhouse gas emission is applied only to $CO_2$. Therefore for reliable greenhouse gas emission calculation it would be necessary to apply continuous measuring to calculate $Non-CO_2$ gas emission.