• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the antiinflammatory activities of taxifolin from Opuntia humifusa. A potent anti-oxidant activity was shown from the leaf extract at $IC_{50}$ value of $38.33{\pm}1.07{\mu}g/mL$ and fruit extract at $IC_{50}$ value of $40.23{\pm}2.21{\mu}g/mL$ by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Fraction of taxifolin from leaf extract identified using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results of cell viability indicated that taxifolin did not show cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells at $500{\mu}M$ of concentration. The result showed that taxifolin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of Nitrite oxide. In addition, taxifolin inhibited LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 production by cytokine assay and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by western blot analysis, meaning taxifolin has a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Our results suggested that taxifolin from Opuntia humifusa showed anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2001

Environmental factors such as $NH_3,\;H_2S,\;CO_2$, dust, temperature, and humidity in the animal house are a potential health hazard to humans and animals. Until now, most of measurement methods can only provide periodic results with low accuracy. A data acquisition system which can measure continuously and simultaneously $NH_3,\;H_2S,\;CO_2$, temperature, and humidity was developed and installed in two pig houses. Daily changes of environment for the pig-houses were investigated by the data acquisition system. In order to evaluate NH$_3$sensor, gas samples were obtained and NH$_3$concentrations were measured at nine positions; combinations of three positions(inlet, middle, and outlet) and three heights(0 cm, 40 cm, 150 cm). Ammonia concentration of 14.0 ~37.1 ppm for slurry pig-house is higher than that of 8.4~29.7 ppm for scraper pig-house, and there were no statistical differences among the positions. However, the concentration of $NH_3$at 150 cm was higher than thats of 0 cm and 40 cm.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.242-253
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the possibility of wine-making with Elderberry cultivated in Korea. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The Elderberry fruits were composed of 82.8% moisture, 0.82% crude fat, 3.73% crude protein and 0.83% crude ash. 2. The Elderberry juices were composed of 9.2% sugar, 0.62% total acidity (as tartaric acid), pH 4. 46 and the percentage juice extraction ratio from fruits was 61.4%. 3. In fermentation experiments carried out with two strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ellipsoideus showed better characteristics for wine-making than Saccharomyces cerevisiae montrachet. 4. In fermentation experiments carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ellipsoideus under different storage conditions, frozen fruits showed better characteristics for wine-making than dried fruits. 5. In fermentation experiments carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ellipsoideus under different pressing times, red wine and pink wine showed little difference. 6. The results of organic acid contents determined by gas chromatography showed that citric acid was the main acid for frozen fruit, and lactic acid for both dried fruit and wines. 7. Sensory evaluation showed that the wine pressed at the 3rd day had the best palatability but the wine fermented with the dried fruits had the worst among the tested.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.130-144
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• 2004

Recently, the air pollution in A and B industrial area has become one of the most important issues, then 60 VOCs in the area were measured using a highly sensitive method. The VOCs were adsorbed onto Carbotrap using air sampler and subsequently desorbed by a thermal desorber system into gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (TDS-GC-MS). The peaks of all compounds had good chromatographic properties and offered very sensitive response for the EI-MS (SIM). Method detection limits (MDL) ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ppt(v/v), and linearities of calibration curves were over 0.995. We analyzed total 90 atmosphere air samples of A and B industrial complex using the method. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, n-hexane, fluorotrichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, styrene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene and naphthalen were identified as the major compounds in the air, and their average concentrations were 0.81, 5.02 1.30, 3.0, 0.81, 37.9, 0.07, 0.15, 0.15, 0.79, 0.06, 0.33, 0.03, 0.12, 0.23, and 0.35 ppb(v/v), respectively. The concentrations of VOCs were low in summer and high in fall or winter. When the concentrations detected in air compare with WHO's norm, no case exceed it.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 2019

This study investigated the effect of addition of aromatics such as Toluene/LCO/resin on the coke depression and asphaltene conversion. The experiment was carried out with vacuum residue as a feedstock with Molybdenum dispersed catalysts under the slurry-phase hydrocracking condition (Temp. of $425^{\circ}C$, $H_2$ pressure of 80 bar at $80^{\circ}C$, reaction time of 4 hr, Mo-concentration of 500 ppm). As results, the coke reduction was shown to be similar irrespective of types of aromatics, while asphaltene was more converted to gas and maltene when LCO and resin with higher dipole moment were added. The addition of aromatics with change of reaction time showed no difference in terms of depression of coke formation. But the addition of LCO rather increased the coke yield after 2 hr. And it was found that asphaltene in liquid phase had the higher aromaticity index so that asphaltene is difficult to disperse in oil phase.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

11-nor-9-carboxy-${\Delta}^9$-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) is the major metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the primary psychoactive component of marijuana. It is also the target analyte for the discrimination marijuana use. A method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for the determination of THCCOOH in human urine. Urine samples (3 mL) were extracted by SPE column with a cation exchange cartridge after basic hydrolysis. The eluents were then evaporated, derivatized, and injected into the GC/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.4 and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. The response was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 within the concentration range of 1.2 (LLE 1.3)~50.0 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy were stable within 1.20% and the recovery was 83.6~90.7%. The recovery of SPE method was lower than that of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), but there were no apparent differences in LOD, LOQ, precision and accuracy between the two methods. While SPE method is used as a very effective and rapid procedure for sample pretreatment, and clean extracts, LLE method was not suitable for the extraction procedure of THCCOOH in urine. The applicability of the method was proven by analyzing a urine samples from a marijuana abusers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.110-111
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• 2023

As carbon neutrality has recently emerged as a global issue, the carbon neutral roadmap of MOF has been established and various strategies have been proposed to achieve carbon neutrality in the entire marine industry. The port sector is also included in the target for greenhouse gas reduction, but emissions are not being measured due to limitations in data collection and no inventory construction. For building a carbon-neutral port, it is essential to calculate and forecast emissions and set reduction targets. Accordingly, in this study, CO₂ emitted from domestic port equipment was calculated according to the IPCC Guildeline's emission calculation method, and future emission was estimated. As a result of the analysis, about 420,000 tons of CO₂ was emitted based on the cargo volume in 2020, and emissions are expected to continue to increase in proportion to the increase and about 720,000 tons will be emitted by 2050. In order to achieve carbon neutrality of the port, it needs to promote emission reduction by converting the power source for oil-based equipment to eco-friendly fuel. Also container and miscellaneous ports which require complicated cargo handling need to effort to reduce CO₂.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2003

A total of 72 finishing pigs(L${\times}$Y${\times}$D; 80kg of initial body weight) were employed for 5 weeks to investigate the effects of feeding mushroom substrate waste(MSW) treated with pleurotus ostreatus and probiotics on productivity, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility and emissions of harmful gases and malodor in manure. Treatments were Control(C: basal diet), T1(3% MSW) and T2(3% MSW+ 0.1% probiotics). Average daily gain(ADG) was lower(p<0.05) in pigs fed a T1 diet than those fed a C diet, however, there was no difference in ADG of pigs fed diets between C and T2. Similar trends were found in feed/gain(F/G) among treatments, though feed intake was not different. No differences were found in back fat thickness among treatments, but carcass dressing percentage was significantly(p<0.05) improved in pigs fed a T2 diet compared to C or T1 diets. Nutrient digestibilities including dry matter, crude protein, energy and crude fiber were lower(p<0.05) in T1 than C or T2. $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ gas emissions were reduced(p<0.05) or not produced in pig manure from T2 as compared to C or T1. In conclusion, the present result shows that feeding MSW with probiotics is desirable for finishing pigs in terms of productivity, carcass traits and nutrient digestibility. It also appears that the emission of harmful gases and malodor in manure can be reduced by the inclusion of probiotics in the diet.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

We investigated growth response and variation of ecological niche breadth of Hibiscus hamabo according to light, moisture and nutrient when global warming is proceeded by elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. H. hamabo was cultivated in experimental condition in the greenhouse that are divided by control(ambient condition) and treatment(elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature). Light, moisture and nutrient gradients were treated within the control and the treatment. Although H. hamabo prefers higher light intensity(up to L3) to lowers', Hamabo mallow doesn't like excessive light intensity($787{\pm}77.76{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Also, H. hamabo was difficult to grow in absent nutrient(0%) and excessive nutrient(20%). However, there was no trend with moisture gradients. The death rate of H. hamabo in the treatment was higher in all gradients except for the highest light intensity condition than control. It means that range of tolerance about light is narrowed when concentration of $CO_2$ gas and temperature is elevated. There was no trend of death rate according to moisture gradient, comparing between control and treatment. The death rate in all nutrient gradients within the treatment is lower than the controls'. It means that range of tolerance about nutrient is widened. The ecological niche breadth of H. hamabo in the treatment was narrower as 30.1% in light gradients but wider as 8.6% in moisture gradients and 30% in nutrient gradients than in the control. In the conclusion, when global warming is proceeded by elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature, growth of H. hamabo would be restricted by light intensity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.761-772
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary pine cone meal on growth performance, blood characteristics, carcass quality and fecal noxious gases compounds in finishing pigs. The total of sixty [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] pigs(86.01±0.25kg in average initial body weight) were used in 35 days assay. Dietary treatments included 1) T1(2% cottonwood sawdust), 2) T2(1% cottonwood sawdust+1% pine cone meal) and 3) T3(2% pine cone meal). There were three dietary treatments with five replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. During the overall periods, there were no significant differences in ADG(Average daily gain), ADFI(Average daily feed intake) and gain/feed ratio among treatments (P>0.05). Also, Nutrient digestibilities and blood characteristics were not affected by dietary treatments. At the end of this experiment, a*-value of logissimus dorsi muscle color and sensory evaluation color were higher in T3 treatment than T1 treatment(P<0.05). In fatty acid contents of lean, C18:1 and total MUFA were significantly lower in T1 treatment than other treatments(P<0.05). However, total ω6 and total PUFA were higher in T1 treatment than T2 treatment(P<0.05). In fatty acid contents of fats, total SFA was significantly higher in T2 treatment than T3 treatment(P<0.05). C18:1 was higher in T2 treatment than T1 treatment(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in fecal noxious gas compounds among the treatments. In conclusion, the results of the experiment was affected by dietary supplementation of pine cone meal on meat color and fatty acid composition of pork in finishing pigs.