• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.465-475
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• 2024

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K9은 굼벵이에서 분리된 다양한 생리활성물질에 기인하여 프로바이오틱스 균주로 활용 가능한 유산균이다. L. plantarum K9 유전체 분석결과로써 박테리아 염색체와 3 plasmid가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. L. plantarum K9의 핵심 대사경로 분석 결과 해당과정, 오탄당대사(pentose phosphate pathway)는 정상적으로 수행되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 포도당신생합성과 ED pathway의 핵심 효소인 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC: 3.1.3.11)와 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (EC: 4.2.1.12) / 2-keto-de- oxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) aldolase (EC: 4.2.1.55)가 각각 결여되어 있기 때문에 포도당신생합성과 ED pathway는 수행하지 못하는 것으로 제의된다. 또한, TCA 회로에서 fumarate 및 malate를 형성하는 일부 효소만 존재하는 반면에 나머지 TCA 회로에 연관되는 효소들이 모두 결여되어 있었기 때문에 TCA 회로는 진행되지 못하는 것으로 추정되었다. 산화적 전자전달계는 NADH dehydrogenase complex I과 cytochrome reductase complex IV에 해당하는 요소들을 보유하고 있기 때문에 class IIB 타입(bd-type)의 전자전달시스템을 수행할 것으로 예측되었다. 종합적으로, L. plantarum K9은 lactic acid 동형발효를 수행하며, 포도당신생합성 및 오탄당대사가 가능하며, class IIB 타입(bd-type) 산화적 전자전달시스템에 의해 에너지 대사를 수행하는 것으로 제의된다. 따라서, L. plantarum K9은 다른 유산균주에 비교하여 lactic acid 생성량이 비교적 높아 생리활성도가 우수할 것으로 제의된다. 다른 한편으로, L. plantarum K9은 산화적 전자전달이 가능한 것으로 추정되어 산소에 대한 내성이 높아서 배양 특성이 양호하여 프로바이틱스로써 활용가능성이 높은 것으로 제의된다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2011

In this paper, we study multi-step iterative algorithm with errors and give the necessary and sufficient condition to converge to com mon fixed points for a finite family of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive type mappings in Banach spaces. Also we have proved a strong convergence theorem to converge to common fixed points for a finite family said mappings on a nonempty compact convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach spaces. Our results extend and improve the corresponding results of [2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20].

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2016

In this paper, we study the strong convergence and stability of a new two step random iterative scheme with errors for accretive Lipschitzian mapping in real Banach spaces. The new iterative scheme is more acceptable because of much better convergence rate and less restrictions on parameters as compared to random Ishikawa iterative scheme with errors. We support our analytic proofs by providing numerical examples. Applications of random iterative schemes with errors to variational inequality are also given. Our results improve and establish random generalization of results obtained by Chang [4], Zhang [31] and many others.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.779-784
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• 2007

In this paper, we report the experimental results of a hybrid wideband fiber amplifier. The amplifying medium is a concatenated hybrid fiber consisting of Er-doped fiber (EDF) and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). The gain mechanisms are based on stimulated emission in the EDF and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the DCF. Since we simultaneously use optical amplification by the two processes, the gain bandwidth is easily expanded over 105 nm by a two-tone pumping scheme. Using an experimental setup constructed with a hybrid structure of EDF-DCF-EDF, we analyzed the spectral behavior of amplified spontaneous emission for pumping powers. We achieved an optical gain of over 20 dB in the wavelength range from 1,500 to 1,600 nm under optimized pumping conditions to make the spectral gain shape flat.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2009

This paper presents a new iterative locally one-dimensional [mite-difference time-domain(LOD-FDTD) method that has a simpler formula than the original iterative LOD-FDTD formula[l]. There are fewer arithmetic operations than in the original LOD-FDTD scheme. This leads to a reduction of CPU time compared to the original LOD-FDTD method while the new method exhibits the same numerical accuracy as the iterative ADI-FDTD scheme. The number of arithmetic operations shows that the efficiency of this method has been improved approximately 20 % over the original iterative LOD-FDTD method.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2000

Switching of the transmission lines(T/L) is one of the methods for wuppressing the short circuit capacity. This paper presents the T/L switching operation by using the Hopfield neural network(HNN). The switching of T/L can make the line powers and the bus voltages deteriorated, as well as the fault current decreased. Such an insecure state should be avoided when the T/L is operated to be open. In this studies, the inequality constraints are formulated into the objective function to be incorporated with the HNN. Test results show that the convergence characteristics of HNN lead to the adequate solution of T/L switching.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

In this paper, we're compared network protocol which is network lifetime longer when using LEACH Protocol, SEP, and TEEN in a heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network with a Large Sensor Area. Also, we propose a method of divided layer the wide-area sensor filed and transmitting a multi-hop to improve the network lifetime. And we're compared network protocol which is network lifetime more improved apply the proposed method to LEACH Protocol, SEP, and TEEN. We tried to compare results, TEEN showed the best network lifetime. Apply the proposed method to divided the sensor field, L-TEEN (Layered TEEN)'s network lifetime rates of improvement is highest.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.545-565
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• 2016

In this paper, we present some general results on the pointwise convergence of the non-convolution type nonlinear singular integral operators in the following form: $$T_{\lambda}(f;x)={\large\int_{\Omega}}K_{\lambda}(t,x,f(t))dt,\;x{\in}{\Psi},\;{\lambda}{\in}{\Lambda}$$, where ${\Psi}$ = and ${\Omega}$ = stand for arbitrary closed, semi-closed or open bounded intervals in ${\mathbb{R}}$ or these set notations denote $\mathbb{R}$, and ${\Lambda}$ is a set of non-negative numbers, to the function $f{\in}L_{p,{\omega}}({\Omega})$, where $L_{p,{\omega}}({\Omega})$ denotes the space of all measurable functions f for which $\|{\frac{f}{\omega}}\|^p$ (1 ${\leq}$ p < ${\infty}$) is integrable on ${\Omega}$, and ${\omega}:{\mathbb{R}}{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}^+$ is a weight function satisfying some conditions.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2017

Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is a cyanobacterium species that can form harmful algal blooms in freshwater bodies worldwide. The use of pine needle extract (PNE) to control nuisance algae by allelopathic inhibition will be environmentally friendly and promising. PNE removed successfully upto 98% of M. aeruginosa at the following optimal conditions: pH 7, $25^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 100 rpm of mixing rate, 5 min of mixing time. These results was indicated that the amount of 1 g/L PNE was removed 1g dryweight/L of M. aeruginosa. The kinetic data showed substrate inhibition kinetics and maximum growth rate was obtained when the M. aeruginosa was grown in medium containing 0.5 g/L of initial concentration of PNE. Different substrate inhibition models were fitted to the kinetic data and found the Luong model was best. The model predicted kinetic parameters were in agreement with the experimental findings. The natural extract, PNE, can be a promising inhibition due to its high efficiency and low dose requirements.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2018

연구의 목적은 외국어 읽기의 유창성과 정확성의 언어습득적 의의를 고찰하고, 효율적인 영어 학습 패러다임을 연구하는데 있다. 언어습득 측면에서, 제 2언어학습의 정확성과 유창성사이에서 무엇을 우선 가르치느냐의 문제는 중요한 이슈가 되어왔다. 제 1언어와 제 2언어의 교실상황에서, 많은 언어연구가들의 관심 때문에, 유창성은 중요한 요소로 대두되고 있다. 정확성과 유창성은 둘 다 중요하지만, 외국어의 경우, 유창성 중심의 학습에서 정확성 중심의 학습으로 점진적인 학습 패러다임의 전환이 있어야 한다. 이런 관점에서, 본 연구는 외국어의 유창성 개발을 위한 대안으로 자발적다독법을 제시하고 있다. 빠르고 정확한 단어 인지 기술과 읽기 유창성이 없으면, 좋은 읽기 능력을 가질 수 없다. 그러므로 유창성 개발을 위한 방법들이 개발되어야 하며, 이것에 대한 해법으로, 자발적다독법이 외국어 교육상황에서 읽기유창성을 위한 효과적인 연구방법론임을 입증하고 있다.