• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.961-969
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• 2015

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main catechin in green tea, has been shown to have some beneficial effects against various human diseases, including diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease and obesity. To investigate the mechanism of the suppressive effects of EGCG on inflammatory response in macrophages, alterations on the levels of nitric oxide (NO) regulatory factors and inflammatory cytokines were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. No significant toxicity was detected in RAW264.7 cells treated with 100–400 μM EGCG. Moreover, the optimal concentration of LPS was determined to be 1 μg/ml based on the results of cell viability assay, NO assay and IL-6 enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, NO levels decreased significantly by 68.2% in the 400 μM EGCG/LPS treated group, while the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression decreased by 12-17% in the 200 and 400 μM EGCG/LPS treated group. A significant decrease in transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α and IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was also detected in the EGCG/LPS treated group. However, IL-6 transcript and protein was maintained at a constant level when in the LPS treated group relative to the EGCG/LPS treated group. Overall, these results suggest that the differential regulation of inflammatory cytokines is an important factor influencing the suppressive effects of EGCG against LPS-activated inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-25
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• 2015

Our goal is to verify how changes in water's hydraulic characteristics after urban regeneration stream can affect any possible transformation of its thermal environment. To that end, we analyzed changes in numerous physical characteristics the subject stream along with the meteorological factors and thermal environment affected by it. Cheonggyecheon was selected as our subject as it is a great example of successful urban regeneration stream. As for physical characteristics, we allocated Type I (0.0%) and Type II (20.2%), depending on the green coverage ratio. As for numerical characteristics, at the point of Ba in which the riffle ends, the water temperature fell by $0.2^{\circ}C$ and the flow increased from 0.7m/s to 0.9 m/s with the dissolved oxygen increasing from 0.5mg/L to 0.6mg/L. As for meteorological factors surrounding the subject stream, the temperature dropped from $1.1^{\circ}C$ to $1.4^{\circ}C$ on average and relative humidity increased from 6.6% to 8.7%. Furthermore, there was an irregular change in wind velocity. According to the result of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), the change in the values of Type I and II inside and on the surface of the subject stream was negligible. The downstream temperature in Type I fell from $0.3^{\circ}C$ to $0.6^{\circ}C$ and by $0.8^{\circ}C$ in Type II. As for vertical cooling effect, the change of water level was 120cm in Type I and 140cm in Type II. As for horizontal cooling effects, the value of Type I was increased from the point of Ba where the riffle ends and the value of Type II was on a steady decline.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.523-532
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• 2015

A variety of previous pharmacological studies have suggested Liriope platyphylla (L. platyphylla) may exert beneficial biological effects on inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorder, obesity, constipation, and atopic dermatitis. In addition, hydrocolloid membranes (HCMs) have attracted attention in dermatological care, including in the treatment of scleroderma skin ulcers, cutaneous ulcers, permanent tympanic membrane perforations, pressure sores, and decubitus ulcers in the elderly. To investigate the therapeutic effects of HCM containing an aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (HCM-LP) on second-degree burn wounds, their physico-chemical properties were analyzed and the therapeutic effects were observed in SD rats after treatment with HCM-LP for 14 days. Significant declines in tensile strength (38.4%) and absorptiveness (46.3%), as well as an increase in surface roughness (38.1%) were detected in HCM-LP compared with that of HCM. In SD rats with burned skin, the wound diameter was shorter in the HCM-LP treated group than in the GZ group on post-surgical day 14, while the significant improvements in scar tissue reduction, epithelium regeneration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition were observed in the HCM-LP-treated group during all experimental periods. Overall, these results suggest HCM-LP may accelerate the process of healing the burn injury skin of SD rats through the regulation of angiogenesis and connective tissue formation.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-37
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• 2016

This paper compares the arc-length and explicit dynamic solution methods for nonlinear finite element analysis of prestressed concrete members subjected to monotonically increasing loads. The investigations have been conducted using an L-shaped, prestressed concrete spandrel beam, selected as a highly nonlinear problem from the literature to give insight into the advantages and disadvantages of these two solution methods. Convergence problems, computational effort, and quality of the results were investigated using the commercial finite element package ABAQUS. The work in this paper demonstrates that a static analysis procedure, based on the arc-length method, provides more accurate results if it is able to converge on the solution. However, it experiences convergence problems depending upon the choice of mesh configuration and the selection of concrete post-cracking response parameters. The explicit dynamic solution procedure appears to be more robust than the arc-length method in the sense that it provides acceptable solutions in cases when the arc-length approach fails, however solution accuracy may be slightly lower and computational effort may be significantly larger. Furthermore, prestressing forces must be introduced into the finite element model in different ways for the explicit dynamic and arc-length solution procedures.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

In case of load forcasting the most important problem is to deal with the load of special days. According this paper presents forecasting method for speaial days peak load by neural networks model. by means of neural networks mothod using the historical past special- days load data, special-days load was directly forecasted, and forecasting % error showed good result as 1∼2% except vacation season in summer Consequently, it is capable of directly special days load, With the models, precision of forecasting was brought satisfactory result. When neural networks was compared with the orthogonal polynomials models at a view of the results of special-days load forecasting, neural networks model which used pattern conversion ratio was more effective on forecasting for special-days load. On the other hand, in case of short special-days load forecasting, both were valid.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2013

There have been various recent methods proposed in detecting driver drowsiness (DD) to avert fatal accidents. This work proposes a hardware/software (HW/SW) co-design approach in implementation of a DD detection system adapted from an AdaBoost-based object detection algorithm with Haar-like features [1] to monitor driver's eye closure rate. In this work, critical functions of the DD detection algorithm is accelerated through custom hardware components in order to speed up processing, while the software component implements the overall control and logical operations to achieve the complete functionality required of the DD detection algorithm. The HW/SW architecture was implemented on an Altera DE2 board with a video daughter board. Performance of the proposed implementation was evaluated and benchmarked against some recent works.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.540-544
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the effects of TID(Total Ionizing Dese) and TREE(Transient Radiation Effects on Electronics) on nMOSFET and pMOSFET fabricated by 0.18um CMOS process. The size of nMOSFET and pMOSFET is 100um/1um(W/L). The TID test was conducted up to 1 Mrad(Si) with a gamma-ray(Co-60). During the TID test, the nMOSFET generated leakage current proportional to the applied dose, but that of the pMOSFET was remained in a steady state. The TREE test was conducted at TEST LINAC in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory with a maximum dose-rate of $3.16{\times}10^8rad(si)/s$. In that test nMOESFET generated a large amount of photocurrent at a maximum of $3.16{\times}10^8rad(si)/s$. Whereas, pMOSFETs showed high TREE immunity with a little amount of photocurrent at the same dose rate. Based on the results of this experiment, we will progress the research of the radiation hardening for CMOS unit devices.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

To use the early measured data of tunnel deformation in but analysis, the relationship between these values find final deformation data were studied. Panet\`s exponential and fraction equations successfully approximate the convergence of the hard rock tunnels. Measured deformation data of ID location, $U_{1D}$ show that they can be lilted to linear equations but should not be used to estimate potential deformation before measurement, $C_{0}$. Early measured data $U_{1D}$ $U_{2D}$ , and final deformation $ U_{L}$ showed linear correlations. It proved that estimated data of final deformation from early measured ones can be used as input parameters for back analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Antioxidant activity of dropwort fermented extract (DFE) was measured according to fermentation period, and liver protective effects were examined using Sprague-Dawley rats. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as well as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased up to 60~80 days and then decreased slightly. Proper fermentation time for DFE was more than 60 days and less than 80 days. Administration of alcohol to rats for 10 days at 10 mL/kg/day raised serum AST, ALT, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels, which were then lowered by DFE and sugar liquid with the same soluble solids. While sugar liquid increased the blood lipid profile, especially TG levels, DFE had no effect due to its antioxidant activity. When TBARS content of the DFE group in liver tissue significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner compared to that of the ALH group (p<0.05). Liver damage was recovered by DFE treatment and was confirmed by hamatoxylin-eosin staining. These results suggest that DFE has a protective effect against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in SD rats.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze water treatment characteristics, including the efficiency of removing algae from water purification plants, by installing a demonstration facility for decontamination of algae, including natural algae remover injection equipment, in the water purification plant. Jar-test showed that the optimum injection of natural decontaminant was 20 mg/L. Of the water contaminant treatment efficiency of the intake and water purification plants, Chl-a averaged 74.0% elimination efficiency from $5.0mg/m^3$ to $1.3mg/m^3$ and the maximum treatment efficiency was 91.5% removal efficiency when the inflow concentration of Chl-a was $11.8mg/m^3$. In addition, 51.2% and 47.1% of the taste and odor indicator items, geosmin and 2-MIB, resulted from the overgrowth and decaying of algae, respectively, to identify toxic substances and odor reduction effects. In addition, elimination efficiencies of SS and Turbidity materials were higher than 70.0%. In the injection of natural algae remover, no effects such as sudden changes in water quality due to secondary reactions were found, and appropriate levels were maintained under water treatment conditions.