• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.484-491
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• 2014

Objectives: A radon emission reducing agent was prepared using charcoal and zeolite, and the amount was measured after coating construction materials with the agent. The availability of the radon emission reducing agent was evaluated. Methods: Construction materials (red brick, cement brick, and gypsum board) coated with reducing agent were placed in a chamber to measure radon emissions. The construction materials were coated one through three times. The spread volume for brick and gypsum board was 50 mL and 75 mL per application, respectively. The amount of radon emitted was measured by RAD-7 after 48 hours. Results: The reduction ratio increased with the number of coatings, and the reduction ratios for red brick, cement brick, and gypsum board were 63.3, 73.6, and 58%, respectively, in the case of three coatings of RA-1. The reduction ratios for red brick, cement brick, and gypsum board were 42.8, 58.1, and 26.2%, respectively in the case of three coatings with RA-2. RA-1 was slightly better than RA-2 in radon emission reduction. Conclusions: Radon emissions from construction materials decreased according to the concentration of reducing agent coating, and it was more effective than existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1999

The Streptomyces albulus broth, when the polylysine in the broth, that has powerful growth inhibiting effect far many microbes, is its maximum, had filtered off the cells, to use the broth as preservative for keeping favorable taste of Korean Kimchi. Some microorganisms in their specific growth medium, known to deteriorate the useful nutrient of the Kimchi, has grown with different amounts of the inhibiting broth, to determine the minimum growth inhibition concentration. The ${\varepsilon}$-poly-L-lysine had been identified from the IR spectroscopic analysis of the purified poly lysine of the broth from ion exchange chromatographic separation. The content of the polylysine had been determined by methyl orange decoloration effect. Though the minimum inhibition concentration, evaluated by the naked eye based on the conventional method measuring the turbid feature after 18 hours of culture, has different values each other, the observed effects confirmed that the crude broth could be used as a natural preservative for the Kimchi in extending the fair taste.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.5-21
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• 2020

Bungkang (Syzygium polyanthum) is a medium to tall plant which produces medicinal root-bark, the plant is normally found along inland river bank and produces small white flowers and fruits. Essential oils are among the most interesting components of the plant extracts consisting mostly of monoterpenoid or sesquiterpenoids. They are used as therapeutic agents in ethno, conventional, and complementary alternative medicines. Investigation and evaluation of the essential oil of Syzygium polyanthum as well as the antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal activity was ascertained. The experiment was performed. 100 chemical constituents were obtained and two pure compound was isolated as Eugenol (1) and Farnesol (2). Significant growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, (ATCCⓒ25923) Klebsiellia pneumonia (ATCCⓒ19155), Salmonella typhi (ATCCⓒ14028) and Escherichia coli (ATCC©25922) and the fungal strains Aspergillus flavin, Aspergillus niger, Candida, tropicalis, and Fusarium oxysporium was observed from the essential oil at concentration of 500 ㎍/mL. Antioxidant potential was observed to be strong of 18.42 ㎍/mL when compared to the control of 15.23 ㎍/mL. The result indicated that the oil obtained from root-bark of Syzygium polyanthum can be considered as an agent for antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal in pharmaceutical food and cosmetic industries trails.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2021

Arsenic (As) oxidation followed by precipitation from a high-As(III)-containing leaching solution derived from a sulfidic ore was investigated in this study to remove aqueous As from the solution using activated carbon (AC) with air injection as an oxidant. To obtain the initial leaching solution, a domestic sulfidic ore was leached in a sulfuric acid solution at pH 1 and 50℃ for 95 h, and approximately 7 g/L of Fe and 3 g/L of As were leached out. To determine the effect of the oxidative reaction utilizing AC with air injection, the leaching solution was tested under the following five oxidative conditions at an initial pH of 1 and 90℃ for 72 h: air-only injection; air injection with 1, 5, and 10 w/v% of AC addition; and H₂O₂ addition. The tests in the presence of both air and AC revealed that the oxidation kinetics and As removal were improved by the reaction between the metallic species and the surface group formed on the AC surface. In addition, the greater the amount of AC added, the better was the reaction efficiency, removing 93-94% of As with more than 5 w/v% of AC addition. Finally, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the precipitate formed from the oxidative reaction was scorodite (FeAsO₄·2H₂O).

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.427-438
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• 2023

In this study, in order to improve the performance of the reverse osmosis membrane with high water flux and high salt rejection, a study was conducted on the evaluation of characteristics according to the curing temperature and time during various additives and interfacial polymerization. The morphology of the membrane with no additives and the membrane with additives both showed a "rigid-and-valley" structure, confirming that the polyamide layer was successfully polymerized on the surface of the porous support layer. In addition, the additive of 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD) had improved hydrophilicity and water flux, which was confirmed by measuring the contact angle. Finally, a highly permeable TFC membrane with NaCl and MgSO₄ salt rejection of 97.78% and 98.7% and a high water flux of 3.31 L/(m²⋅h⋅bar) was prepared.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

Background: Prolotherapy is a proliferation therapy as an alternative medicine. A combination of dextrose solution and lidocaine is usually used in prolotherapy. The concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine used in the clinical field are very high (dextrose 10%-25%, lidocaine 0.075%-1%). Several studies show about 1% dextrose and more than 0.2% lidocaine induced cell death in various cell types. We investigated the effects of low concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine in fibroblasts and suggest the optimal range of concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine in prolotherapy. Methods: Various concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine were treated in NIH-3T3. Viability was examined with trypan blue exclusion assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Migration assay was performed for measuring the motile activity. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activation and protein expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined with western blot analysis. Results: The cell viability was decreased in concentrations of more than 5% dextrose and 0.1% lidocaine. However, in the concentrations 1% dextrose (D1) and 0.01% lidocaine (L0.01), fibroblasts proliferated mildly. The ability of migration in fibroblast was increased in the D1, L0.01, and D1 + L0.01 groups sequentially. D1 and L0.01 increased Erk activation and the expression of collagen I and α-SMA and D1 + L0.01 further increased. The inhibition of Erk activation suppressed fibroblast proliferation and the synthesis of collagen I. Conclusions: D1, L0.01, and the combination of D1 and L0.01 induced fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen I synthesis via Erk activation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the salt tolerance of the Miscanthus sinensis and to characterize the content of pigments in the leachate in relation to calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) deicing salt. Miscanthus sinensis were cultured at five different concentrations of calcium chloride deicing salt, 0, 1, 2, 5, and $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (referred to Cont. C1, C2, C5, and C10) for four months. The salt tolerance and leachate while growing Miscanthus sinensis on soil which was artificially contaminated by calcium chloride deicing salt. Soil chemical properties (pH, E.C., $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, and $Mg^{2+}$) and plant growth parameters (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, an root dry weight) were evaluated. Soil pH decreased, while electrical conductivity significantly decreased ($p{\leq}0.05$) with a higher concentration of deicing salt $0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (Cont.). The increase in the concentration of chloride-based exchangeable cations, along with the increase in the deicing salt treatments, were observed in $Ca^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ > $K^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$. Notably the $Ca^{2+}$ exchangeable cations were 83~90% higher than the others. The growth of Miscanthus sinensis significantly increased ($p{\leq}0.05$) with the concentration of deicing salt higher than $1g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (C1) when compared to 0 g/L (Cont.), except for the $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (C10) treatment. The results determined that the contamination of soil by deicing salt could negatively impact the soil and Miscanthus sinensis was a tolerant species for the deicing salts. Further research will be focused on soil improvement additives and the stable stimulated plant growth of Miscanthus sinensis and a formulation on that basis for the soil-plant continuum.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.236-243
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• 2021

In this study, the functional cosmetic activity of hot-water (AW) and methanol(AM) extracts from Apocynum lancifolium Russanov are examined. In the DPPH antioxidant activity test, the AW extract showed the highest inhibition rate of 90.5% (IC50 37.717 ± 8.209 ㎍/mL) and the antioxidative activity of ABTS showed a high activity in the AW extract with an IC50 of 185.244 ± 12.602 ㎍/mL and 96.2%, respectively. In RAW264.7 macrophages, the two extracts significantly suppressed the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6 production and iNOS expression level. The MTT assay measured by the cell survival rate showed that AW and AM extracts have no toxicity. The astringent activity of the AW extract exhibited the highest astringent activity with 74.336±2.487 mg/mL. Therefore, these results suggest that A. lancifolium extracts have a health promotion potential which can be further developed as food additive, natural products for cosmetic purpose.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1132-1143
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• 2022

Insects are a valuable natural source that can produce a variety of bioactive compounds due to their increasing species diversity. CopA3 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from Copris tripartitus (i.e., the dung beetle). It is known to increase the proliferation of colonic epithelial and neuronal stem cells by regulating cell cycle. This research hypothesized that CopA3 can promote the proliferation of porcine muscle satellite cells (MSCs). The effects of CopA3 on porcine MSCs, which are important for muscle growth and regeneration, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CopA3 on porcine MSCs. According to viability results, we designed four groups: control (without CopA3) and three treatment groups (treated with 5,10, and 25 ㎍/mL of CopA3). At a CopA3 concentration of 5 ㎍/mL and 10 ㎍/mL, the proliferation of MSCs increased more than that observed in the control group. Furthermore, compared to that in the control, CopA3 treatment increased the S phase but decreased the G0/G1 phase ratio. Additionally, early and late apoptotic cells were found to be decreased in the 5 ㎍/mL group. The expressions of the myogenesis-related transcription factor PAX7 and MYOD proteins were significantly upregulated in the 5 ㎍/mL and 10 ㎍/mL groups, whereas the MYOG protein remained undetected in all group. This study suggested that CopA3 promotes muscle cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle of MSCs and can regulate the activity of MSCs by increasing the expressions of PAX7 and MYOD.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.739-745
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• 2020

Makgeolli is a liquor that represents Korea and is made by mixing yeast and water with starch. Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant activities of rice, nuruk, water and Fermentation time different to Makgeolli. Alcohol content was 6.76~14.56%, Reducing sugar content 1.17~1.68g/L and M5~M6 samples was higher 1.68g/L~2.43g/L. M1~M9 samples pH 3.56±0.02 and total acid 0.45~0.83%. Makgeolli total phenol content was average 966.38mg/L and ABTS 0.77mM. The Antioxidant activity measurements of FRAP and ABTS showed a similar correlation with the total phenol content. Makgeolli showed a high correlation cofficient of r GAE / PRequiv=0.8582 and r GAE / TEAC=0.9769. We intend to make rice, yeast, brewing water, fermentation period, etc. different conditions of makgeolli and analyze the status of fermentation progress and use it as basic data of quality indicators of the fermented rice wine process.