• 제목/요약/키워드: $K_2SO_4$

검색결과 13,740건 처리시간 0.053초

대구시 퇴적암 분포 지역의 지하수에 대한 환경지화학적 특성 (Environmental Characteristics of Groundwater for Sedimetary Rocks in Daegu City)

  • 이인호;조병욱;이병대
    • 지질공학
    • /
    • 제13권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-16
    • /
    • 2003
  • 대구시에 분포하는 함안층, 반야월층, 주산 안산암질암, 팔공산화강암 지역의 지하수는 암석의 광물 및 화학조성에 따라 지화학적 특성이 구분된다. 대부분의 용존물질 함량은 안산암과 화강암보다 함안층과 반야월층에서 높게 나타나며 특히 $HCO_3^{-}$${\;}SO_4^{2-}$의 함량이 매우 높은 분포를 보여준다. 퇴적암 지대의 지하수에서 $Ca^{2+},{\;}Mg^{2+},{\;}HCO_3^{-}$의 함량이 높다는 것은 탄산기를 포함하는 물이 방해석과 반응하거나 장석류의 풍화와 같은 화학적 반응의 결과이다. 파이퍼도에 의하면 함안층은 $CaSO_4-CaC2$형에 우세하게 점시되고 반야월층은 $CaSO_4-CaCl_2$형과,${\;}Ca(HCO_3)_2$형에 같이 점시된다. $Ca(HCO_3)_2$형은 주로 방해석의 용해에 의해서 형성되고, $CaSO_4-CaCl_2$ 형은 황석의 산화에 기인하는데, 일부는 인위적인 오염원의 영향을 받기도 한다. 요인분석 결과에 의하면 3개의 요인으로 추출 및 계산된다. $SO_4^{2-},{\;}Na_+,{\;}Ca^{2+},{\;}Fe$의 규제를 받는 요인 1은 방해석, 사장석의 용해 및 황철석의 산화로 설명되고, $HCO_3^{-},{\;}Mg^{2+}$의 규제를 받는 요인 2는 Mg-탄산염광물의 용해와 돌로마이트화 작용을 설명한다. $Cl^{-},{\;}K^{+},{\;}NO_3^{-}$의 규제를 받는 요인 3은 공장폐수를 포함하는 인위적인 오염원의 영향으로 추측되며 금호강 주변의 공업단지 및 주거지역은 요인 3에 대한 점수가 높은 분포를 나타낸다.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DL-3의 carboxymethylcellulase를 재조합 균주 E. coli JM109/DL-3에서 생산하는 배지의 염 농도를 최적화하기 위한 통계학적 실험 방법의 비교 (Comparison of Statistical Methods for Optimization of Salts in Medium for Production of Carboxymethylcellulase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DL-3 by a Recombinant E. coli JM109/DL-3)

  • 이유정;김혜진;고와;정정한;이진우
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제21권9호
    • /
    • pp.1205-1213
    • /
    • 2011
  • 재조합 균주인 E. coli JM109/DL-3를 사용하여 carboxymethylcellulase를 생산하기 위한 배지의 최적 염 농도를 orthogonal array method (OAM)과 response surface method (RSM) 등과 같은 통계학적인 방법으로 확립하고 그 결과를 비교하였다. OAM에 기초를 한 Qualitek-4 Software를 사용하여 실험을 계획하고, 그 결과를 분석한 결과는 K2HPO4가 균체의 생장 및 carboxymethylcellulase의 생산에 미치는 영향이 가장 크다는 사실을 확인하였다. 균체의 생육에 최적인 $K_2HPO_4$, NaCl, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$$(NH_4)_2SO_4$의 농도는 10.0, 1.0, 0.2 및 0.6 g/l이었으나, carboxymethylcellulase의 생산에 최적인 각 염들의 농도는 각각 5.0, 1.0, 0.4 및 0.6 g/l이었다. RSM에 기초를 한 Design-Expert Software를 사용하여 실험을 계획하고, 그 결과를 분석한 결과는 $K_2HPO_4$가 균체의 생장 및 carboxymethylcellulase의 생산에 가장 중요한 인자라는 사실을 확인하였다. 균체의 생장에 최적인 $K_2HPO_4$, NaCl, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$$(NH_4)_2SO_4$의 농도는 7.44, 1.08, 0.22 및 0.88 g/l이었으나, carboxymethylcellulase의 생산에 최적인 각 염들의 농도는 각각 5.84, 0.69, 0.28 및 0.54 g/l이었다. 기본적으로 OAM에 기초한 software를 사용하여 얻은 결과는 RSM에 기초한 software를 사용하여 얻은 결과와 유사하였다. 최적 조건에서 재조합 균주 E.coli JM109/DL-3이 생산하는 carboxymethylcellulase의 생산은 B. amyloliquifacience DL-에 비하여 1.92배 증가하였다.

0.4 MW급 가스분사식 배연탈황 흡수탑의 운전 특성 (Operating Characteristics of 0.4 MW-Scale Gas Dispersion Type FGD Absorber)

  • 안희수;김기형;박승수;박광규;김영호
    • 한국대기환경학회지
    • /
    • 제24권4호
    • /
    • pp.415-422
    • /
    • 2008
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of operating and design conditions of gas dispersion type of absorber on $SO_2$ removal efficiency. pH difference between upper and lower part of gas dispersing plate of absorber was 0.2, which was relatively low. This was supposed that recirculation capacity of absorbing liquid between froth zone and reaction zone of absorber be increased by oxidation air injection through liquid riser which acted as liquid pump. Test results showed that $SO_2$ removal efficiency was more sensitive than absorber ${\Delta}P$. High $SO_2$ removal even at lower pH resulted from very low concentration of $HSO_3^-$ ion in absorbing liquid because of direct supply of dissolved oxygen into froth zone. 96% of $SO_2$ removal efficiency was obtained under the condition of absorber pH 5.2, flue gas flow rate of $1,530\;Nm^3/hr$, inlet $SO_2$ concentration of 800 ppm, absorber ${\Delta}P$ of 250mmAq. The following equation by a multiple linear regression was obtained to describe the relationship between $SO_2$ removal and operating variables. $$f=1-{\exp}(-1.3939+1.060pH+0.0139{\Delta}P-0.00267G-0.000064SO_2Conc.),\;R^2=0.9719$$

슈도모나스 sp. X-8의 베타락타마제 억제제의 생산 조건과 특성 (Production Conditions and Characterization of ${\beta}$-Lactamase Inhibitor from Pseudomonas sp. X-8)

  • 김경자;김태성
    • 약학회지
    • /
    • 제41권5호
    • /
    • pp.658-665
    • /
    • 1997
  • Identification of a soil microorganism strain X-8, producer of ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitor, based on its morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomical characteristics was performed. The strain X-8 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The beta-lactamase inhibitor produced by this strain was highly achieved in fermentation medium contained glucose 0.5%, urea 0.25%, $K_2HPO_4{\cdot}3H_2O\;0.5%,\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.5%,\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.01%,\;CuSO_4,\;ZnSO_4,\;MnSO_4\;0.02%$. The beta-lactamase inhibitor was not extracted by organic solvent such as n-butanol and ethyl acetate but remained in aqueous layer. The n-butanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against M. smegmatis. The ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitor was stable at pH 7.0~8.0 and 4$^{\circ}C$ for 24h. The ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitor was bound on ion exchanger Diaion WA-30 and HP-20 and eluted with 2N-$NH_4OH$ and acetone, respectively.

  • PDF

사상균(絲狀菌)의 지방분해효소(脂肪分解酵素)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 제2보(第2報) 분리사상균(分離絲狀菌) Rhizopus japonicus의 배양조건검토(培養條件檢討) (Studies on the Lipolytic Enzyme of Molds Part II. Cultural condition of Rhizopus japonicus)

  • 정만재
    • 한국식품과학회지
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.33-41
    • /
    • 1976
  • 1. 유기질소원(有機窒素源)으로는 soybean meal, 무기질소원(無機窒素源)으로는 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$가 lipase생산(生産)에 가장 효과(效果)이었다. 2. 배양중(培養中) 배지(培地)의 pH저하(低下)를 이르키는 xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, maltose, soluble starch, dextrin을 탄소원(炭素源)으로 첨가(添加)하였을 때 lipase 생산(生産)이 심(甚)하게 저해(沮害)되었다. sucrose는 lipase생산(生産)을 저해(沮害)하지 않았으나 첨가효과(添加效果)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 3. 인산염(燐酸鹽)으로서는 $K_2HPO_4$, 마그네슘염(鹽)으로서는 $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$가 lipase생산(生産)에 가장 효과적(效果的)이었다. 4. Olive유(油), 대두유(大豆油) 및 야자유(油)의 첨가(添加)는 lipase생산(生産)을 증가(增加)시켰으며 1% olive유(油) 첨가시(添加時) lipase생산(生産)이 50% 증가(增加)되었다. 5. yeast extract $0.05{\sim}0.07%$첨가시(添加時) lipase생산(生産)이 약간 증가(增加)되었다. 6. 본균(本菌)의 lipase생산(生産)에 가장 적합(適合)한 배지(培地)는 soybean meal 2%, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.5%, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 0.1%, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.05%, yeast extract 0.05%, olive유(油) 1%의 조성(組成)의 것으로서 최적배양조건하(最適培養條件下)에서 48시간(時間) 배양시(培養時)에 lipase생산(生産)이 최고(最高)에 도달(到達)하였다.

  • PDF

NiSO4 Supported on FeO-promoted ZrO2 Catalyst for Ethylene Dimerization

  • Sohn, Jong-Rack;Kim, Young-Tae;Shin, Dong-Cheol
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제26권11호
    • /
    • pp.1749-1756
    • /
    • 2005
  • The $NiSO_4$ supported on FeO-promoted $ZrO_2$ catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. FeOpromoted $ZrO_2$ was prepared by the coprecipitation method using a mixed aqueous solution of zirconium oxychloride and iron nitrate solution followed by adding an aqueous ammonia solution. The addition of nickel sulfate (or FeO) to $ZrO_2$ shifted the phase transition of $ZrO_2$ (from amorphous to tetragonal) to higher temperatures because of the interaction between nickel sulfate (or FeO) and $ZrO_2$. 10-$NiSO_4$/5-FeO-$ZrO_2$ containing 10 wt % $NiSO_4$ and 5 mol % FeO, and calcined at 500 ${^{\circ}C}$ exhibited a maximum catalytic activity for ethylene dimerization. $NiSO_4$/FeO-$ZrO_2$ catalysts was very effective for ethylene dimerization even at room temperature, but FeO-$ZrO_2$ without $NiSO_4$ did not exhibit any catalytic activity at all. The catalytic activities were correlated with the acidity of catalysts measured by the ammonia chemisorption method. The addition of FeO up to 5 mol % enhanced the acidity, surface area, thermal property, and catalytic activities of catalysts gradually, due to the interaction between FeO and $ZrO_2$ and due to consequent formation of Fe-O-Zr bond.

NCM(Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2)계 폐 리튬이차전지로부터 NiSO4의 회수와 이를 이용한 LiNiO2 제조 및 전기화학적 특성 (Fabrication of LiNiO2 using NiSO4 Recovered from NCM (Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2) Secondary Battery Scraps and Its Electrochemical Properties)

  • 곽용규;김미소;김유영;최임식;박동규;안인섭;조권구
    • 한국분말재료학회지
    • /
    • 제21권4호
    • /
    • pp.286-293
    • /
    • 2014
  • The electrochemical properties of cells assembled with the $LiNiO_2$ (LNO) recycled from cathode materials of waste lithium secondary batteries ($Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O_2$), were evaluated in this study. The leaching, neutralization and solvent extraction process were applied to produce high-purity $NiSO_4$ solution from waste lithium secondary batteries. High-purity NiO powder was then fabricated by the heat-treatment and mixing of the $NiSO_4$ solution and $H_2C_2O_4$. Finally, $LiNiO_2$ as a cathode material for lithium ion secondary batteries was synthesized by heat treatment and mixing of the NiO and $Li_2CO_3$ powders. We assembled the cells using the $LiNiO_2$ powders and evaluated the electrochemical properties. Subsequently, we evaluated the recycling possibility of the cathode materials for waste lithium secondary battery using the processes applied in this work.

SI 열화학싸이클 황산분해공정의 Bench-scale 상압 실험 (Bench-scale Test of Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Process in SI Thermochemical Cycle at Ambient Pressure)

  • 전동근;이기용;김홍곤;김창수
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
    • /
    • 제22권2호
    • /
    • pp.139-151
    • /
    • 2011
  • The sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical water splitting cycle is one of promising hydrogen production methods from water using high-temperature heat generated from a high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (HTGR). The SI cycle consists of three main units, such as Bunsen reaction, HI decomposition, and $H_2SO_4$ decomposition. The feasibility of continuous operation of a series of subunits for $H_2SO_4$ decomposition was investigated with a bench-scale facility working at ambient pressure. It showed stable and reproducible $H_2SO_4$ decomposition by steadily producing $SO_2$ and $O_2$ corresponding to a capacity of 1 mol/h $H_2$ for 24 hrs.

Submicron 부유분진의 화학적 조성 및 분포에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Chemical Compositions and Distributions of Ambient Sumicron Aerosols)

  • 황인조;김동술
    • 한국대기환경학회지
    • /
    • 제14권1호
    • /
    • pp.11-23
    • /
    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to survey chemical distribution of inorganic elements and ions in the submicron particles, to characterize qualitatively emitting sources by factor analysis, and finally to reveal existing patterns in terms of chemical compounds by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Total of 141 samples were collected by a cascade impactor from 1989 to1996. Fifteen chemical species (Al, Ba, Cd, K, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, $Cl^-, NO_3^-, SO_4^{2-}, K^+, Mg^{2+}, Ca^{2+}, and Na^+$) were characterized by AAS and IC. The study showed that average seasonal levels of submicron particulate matters $(d_p<0.43 \mum)$ were 18.7 $\mug/m^3$ in spring, 15.5 $\mug/m^3$ in summer, 15.7 $\mug/m^3$ in fall, and 24.5 $\mug/m^3$ in winter, respectively. All of the anion concentrations in the particle were highest in the winter season. By applying a factor analysis, 5 source patterns were qualitatively obtained, such as sulfate related source, nitrate related source, oil burning source, calcium related source, and coal combustion source. Finally, when applying a stepwise multiple regression analysis, the results clearly showed that $Na^+ and Ca^{2+}, K^+ and Ca^{2+}, NO_3^-$ and relative humidity, $Cl^-$ and ambient temperature, $Ca^{2+} and Cl^-, Mg^{2+} and SO_4^{2-}, Na^+ and NO_3^-, and Ca^{2+} and NO_3^-$, respectively, are negatively contributed to each other. As a result of those statistical analysis, we could suggest that some chemical compounds in the submicron particles such as$NaNO_3, MgSO_4, Ca(NO_3)_2, and CaCl_2$ may not exist on the filter as final composing products; however, other compounds may possibly exist in the form of $Mg(NO_3)_2, CaSO_4, Na_2SO_4, K_2SO_4, MgCl_2, NaCl, and KCl$. Thus, it must be necessary to identify differences between the results of above statistical analysis and of the real world by laboratory experiments.

  • PDF

석탄비산재로부터 합성한 제올라이트의 SO2 흡착특성 (Adsorption of SO2 by Zeolite Synthesized from Coal Fly Ash)

  • 김성수;이창한
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제21권6호
    • /
    • pp.687-694
    • /
    • 2012
  • Zeolite 4A was synthesized by fusion method from coal fly ash discharged at the thermal power plants. The synthesized zeolite(FAZ) was characterized through particle size analyzer, XRD, XRF and SEM. $N_2$ adsorption-desorption measurement was used to examine surface and pore structures. The adsorption experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions of trace $SO_2$ in $N_2$ to investigate $SO_2$ adsorption capacity of FAZ. The experiments were conducted to characterize the breakthrough characteristics of $SO_2$ in a fixed bed under different operating conditions including temperature(50-$125^{\circ}C$), concentration of $SO_2$(3000-10000 ppm) and FAZ with 4 kinds of commercial zeolite. The adsorption capacity of FAZ was 53.84 $mgSO_2/g$ adsorbent, larger than that of the same type commercial zeolite(WK4A).