• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2004

To determine evolution and genotype of new chromosomal AmpC $\beta$-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacter species, we performed antibiotic susceptibility testing, pI determination, sequencing, and phy-logenetic analysis using developed expression/secretion vector. Six isolates have shown to produce AmpC $\beta$-lactamases. Six genes of AmpC $\beta$-lactamases that are responsible for the resistance to cephamycins (cefoxitin and cefotetan), amoxicillin, cephalothin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were cloned and characterized in pMSG12119. Insert fragment containing the ampC genes was sequenced and found to have an open reading frame coding for 381-amino-acid $\beta$-lactamase. The nucleotide sequence of four ampC genes ($bla_EcloK992004.l$, $bla_EcloK995120.1$, $bla_EcloK99230$, and $bla_EareK9911729$) shared considerable homology with that of chromosomal ampC gene ($bla_EcloMHN1$) of E. cloacae MHN1 (more than 99.6% identity). The sequences of two ampC genes ($bla_EcloK9973$ and $bla_EcloK9914325$) showed close similarity to the chromosomal ampC gene ($bla_EcloQ908R$) of E. clo-acae 908R (99.7% identity). The results from phylogenetic analysis suggested that six ampC genes could be originated from $bla_EcloMHN1$ / or $bla_EcloQ908R$ / MIC patterns and exact pI values of six transformants indicated that the developed expression/secretion vector (pMSG1219) was suitable for the characterization of foreign genes in E. coli strain.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of high and low chilling temperature on the water-holding capacity (WHC) and tenderness of hot-boned breast meat of broiler chickens. Breast meat was obtained from 32 broiler chickens within 15 min post-mortem (PM), and then divided into two groups. One group was chilled at $-1^{\circ}C$ and the other group was stored at $30^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr, and then all the samples were chilled at $2^{\circ}C$ until 24 hr PM. During the storage, their physicochemical characteristics were tested at 15 min, 3 hr and 24 hr PM. These included pH, R-values, cooking losses, sarcomere length, MFI, and shear force of the breast meat, none of which was different (p>0.05) between the two temperature treatments at $-1^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. However, sarcomere length was shortened more at $-1^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$, MFI was larger at $30^{\circ}C$ than at $-1^{\circ}C$, drip loss was greater at $30^{\circ}C$ than at $-1^{\circ}C$, and WHC was lower at $30^{\circ}C$ than at $-1^{\circ}C$(p<0.05). In brief, in terms of yield and tenderness, broiler breast meat stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ was superior to that stored at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2015

Background: To date several common mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated with breast cancer have been reported in different populations. However, the common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast cancer patients in Iran have not been described in detail. Materials and Methods: To comprehensively assess the frequency and distribution of the most common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Iranian breast cancer patients, we conducted this meta-analysis on 13 relevant published studies indentified in a literature search on PubMed and SID. Results: A total of 11 BRCA1 and BRCA2 distinct common mutations were identified, reported twice or more in the articles, of which 10 (c.2311T>C, c.3113A>G, c.4308T>C, c.4837A>G, c.2612C>T, c.3119G>A, c.3548A>G, c.5213G>A c.IVS16-92A/G, and c.IVS16-68A/G) mutations were in BRCA1, and 1 (c.4770A>G) was in BRCA2. The mutations were in exon 11, exon 13, intron 16, and exon 20 of BRCA1 and exon 11 of BRCA2. All have been previously reported in different populations. Conclusions: These meta analysis results should be helpful in understanding the possibility of any first true founder mutation of BRCA1/BRCA2 in the Iranian population. In addition, they will be of significance for diagnostic testing, genetic counseling and for epidemiological studies.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.235-249
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• 2020

Let Q and R be the well-known matrices associated with Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, and k, m, and n be any integers. It is mainly established all solutions of the matrix equations c₁Qⁿ + c₂Q^m = Q^k, c₁Qⁿ + c₂Q^m = RQ^k, and c₁Qⁿ + c₂RQ^m = Q^k with unknowns c₁, c₂ ∈ ℂ*. Moreover, using the obtained results, it is presented many identities, some of them are available in the literature, and the others are new, related to the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 1998

The different developmental stage embryos and oviductal and uterine fluids of rabbit were analyzed by gas chromatography. Myristic (C 14:0), palmitic (C 16:0), palmitoleic (C 16:1), stearic (C 18:0), oleic (C 18:1), linoleic (C 18:2), linolenic (C 18:3), arachidic (C 20:0), arachidonic (C 20:4), docosahexaenoic (C 22:6) and lignoceric (C 24:0) acids were the common fatty acid constituents with little exception. In most of the samples palmitic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids were observed in high concentration. Moreover, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids were the three poly-unsaturated fatty acids in both type sample except day-1 oviductal fluids. Similarly, in both day-1 and day-2 oviductal and uterine fluids myristic, palmitoleic, stearic, linolenic, arachidic and docosahexaenoic acids were in less composition or undetected.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2010

The cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway plays a major role in growth, sexual differentiation, and virulence factor synthesis of pathogenic fungi. In Cryptococcus neoformans, perturbation of the cAMP pathway, such as a deletion in the gene encoding adenylyl cyclase (CAC1), causes defects in the production of virulence factors, including capsule and melanin production, as well as mating. Previously, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the Ras- and cAMP- pathway mutants, which revealed 163 potential cAMP-regulated genes (38 genes at a 2-fold cutoff). The present study characterized the role of one of the cAMP pathway-dependent genes (serotype A identification number CNAG_ 06576.2). The expression patterns were confirmed by Northern blot analysis and the gene was designated cAMP-regulated gene 1 (CAR1). Interestingly, deletion of CAR1 did not affect biosynthesis of any virulence factors and the mating process, unlike the cAMP-signaling deficient cac1$\Delta$ mutant. Furthermore, the car1$\Delta$ mutant exhibited wild-type levels of the stress-response phenotype against diverse environmental cues, indicating that Car1, albeit regulated by the cAMP-pathway, is not essential to confer a cAMP-dependent phenotype in C. neoformans.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.1037-1049
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• 2015

It is well-known that the spectrum of a $spin^{\mathbb{C}}$ Dirac operator on a closed Riemannian $spin^{\mathbb{C}}$ manifold $M^{2k}$ of dimension 2k for $k{\in}{\mathbb{N}}$ is symmetric. In this article, we prove that over an odd-dimensional Riemannian product $M^{2p}_1{\times}M^{2q+1}_2$ with a product $spin^{\mathbb{C}}$ structure for $p{\geq}1$, $q{\geq}0$, the spectrum of a $spin^{\mathbb{C}}$ Dirac operator given by a product connection is symmetric if and only if either the $spin^{\mathbb{C}}$ Dirac spectrum of $M^{2q+1}_2$ is symmetric or $(e^{{\frac{1}{2}}c_1(L_1)}{\hat{A}}(M_1))[M_1]=0$, where $L_1$ is the associated line bundle for the given $spin^{\mathbb{C}}$ structure of $M_1$.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2000

In [4], it is proved that the algebra ($S,k^{14}$) is not a $C_1$- construction if the field is the real number field. In this paper, we will introduce a different proof of the fact that the algebra ($S,k^{14}$) is not a $C_1$-construction.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.373-382
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• 2000

Individual genetic susceptibilities to cancers may result from several factors including differences in xenobiotics metabolism to chemical carcinogens, DNA repair, altered oncogenes and suppressor genes, and environmental carcinogen exposures. Among them, genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes to chemical carcinogens have been recognized as a major important host factors in human cancers. They have two main types of enzymes: the phase I cytochrome P-450 mediating enzymes (CYPs) and phase II conjugating enzymes. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequencies of genotypes of phase I (CYP1A1 and CYP2E1) and phase II (NAT2) metabolizing enzymes in healthy control and head and neck cancer patients of Korean and to identify the relative high risk genotypes of these metabolizing enzymes to head and neck cancer in Korean. The author has analyzed 132 head and neck cancer patients and 113 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results were as following; 1. The frequencies of genotypes of CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and NAT2 in healthy control were as following; CYP1A1 exon 7 polymorphism; Ile/Ile: Ile/Val: Val/Val = 59.3%: 36.3%: 4.4% CYP2E1 Pst I polymorphism, C1/C1: C1/C2: C2/C2 = 61.1%: 32.1%: 6.2% NAT2 polymorphism; F/F: F/S: S/S = 43.4%: 48.7%: 8.0% 2. In analysis of phase I enzyme, Val/Val genotype in CYP1A1 exon 7 polymorphism and C2/C2 genotype in CYP2E1 Pst I polymorphism were associated with relative high risks to head and neck cancers (Odds' ratio: 2.09 and 1.37, respectively). 3. Among the genotypes of NAT2 enzyme polymorphism, S/S genotype of NAT2 enzyme had 1.03 times of relative risk to head and neck cancers. 4. In combined genotyping of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and NAT2 enzymes polymorphisms, the patients with Val/Val and C1/C1, C2/C2 and fast acetylator, and Val/Val and fast acetylator had higher relative risks than the patients with each baseline of combined genotypes (Odds' ratio: 2.82, 1.98 and 2.1, respectively). These results suggest the combined genotypes of Val/Val and C1/C1, C2/C2 and fast acetylator, and Val/Val and fast acetylator were more susceptible to head and neck cancers in Korean. And genotyping of metabolizing enzymes could be useful for predicting individual susceptibility to head and neck cancer.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.3 s.116
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• pp.168-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop the cold chain system by developing optimal phase change materials (PCM). There are some benefits from developing this system such as keeping freshness of agriculture products, saving energy, etc. The major results are as follows. To decide a latent heat material, the characteristics of water, sodium, polyacrylate, ethanol and N-tetradecane are analysed. Also, an insulating material is made by mixing water, nucleating agent and latent heat material, using cementing method. In addition, the sensitivity analysis for developed latent heat material($K_l,\;K_2,\;K_3$) is conducted. For $K_l,\;K_2,\;K_3$ which cans keep latent heat temperature, ranging from $0\;to\;5^{\circ}C,\;5\;to\;10^{\circ}C,\;10\;to\;15^{\circ}C$. it can keeps latent heat temperature at radiant heat (5, 12, $17^{\circ}C$) and transportation latent heat container both melting temperature and amount of latent heat of Kl are $-1.6{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 326.51 J/g, respectively and freezing temperature and latent heat are $-7.98{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ and 174.18 J/g. and $K_2$ are $7.41{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, 89.80 J/g, respectively and freezing temperature and latent heat are $-2.14{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ and 83.90 J/g. and $K_3$ are $9.54{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 145.42 J/g, respectively and freezing temperature and latent heat are $0.21{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and 152.48 J/g.